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Bail in criminal procedure
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CHAPTER –X
CONCLUSION
I. EVALUATION OF THE LAW OF BAILS
The law governing bail in India is inadequate uncertain and above the ground. The working of the system is also unsatisfactory. The administration of criminal justice has recognized that a bail decision is a recurring one, which takes place through a number of distinct stages. It also recognizes that pre trial release by the police on bail is within the purview of the bail system. Further bail can be granted before the accused makes an appearance before the court or before the verdict of the trial is passed and even after he has been declared guilty and convicted in order to enable him to avail the appeal process.
The practice of releasing on bail has assumed the form wherein an accused
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In a common law, a surety was essential to bailout a person, which was later dispensed with. However, the code of criminal procedure never spelled out the requirement of a surety as a precondition for release on bail though in practice the courts grant bail only on the accused’s furnising a bond with …show more content…
It is being suggested that the provisions of anticipatory bail be kept out of the domain of bail altogether. However, the withdrawal of the scheme will not be justified in any way.
In sum, the confusion in the concept of bail and also in the working of the bail system is largely the result of a basic misunderstanding of the concept and the lack of its proper formulation under the code. A new law on the subject alone can ratify the errors. However, a proper functioning of the bail process in our legal system should guarantee the existence of changed social facts, which may be prerequisites for a successful functioning of the bail
Criminal law attempts to balance the rights of individuals to freedom from interference with person or property, and society’s need for order. Procedural matters, the rights of citizens and powers of the state, specific offences and defences, and punishment and compensation are some of the ways society and the criminal justice system interact.
The first “element” states that “excessive bail shall not be required, not excessive fines imposed.” Bail is a temporary
Conclusion: Congress hoped to achieve a greater degree of accuracy in assessing flight and danger of arrestees through establishing the Bail Reform Act of 1984, which set objective guidelines for judicial officers in assessing release conditions including taking into account for the first time the probability an offender will re-offend while on pretrial release. It was also hoped that the Act would bring back the community's trust in bond setting practice. Overall, the benefits of the Bail Reform Act of 1984 do exceed any detriments, but some problems do exist. These problems include the uniformity in the application of the Bail Reform Act of 1984, as well as the interpretation of dangerousness to the community. Through future legislative and executive reform, this Act will go through multiple changes until these issues are addressed.
All the laws, which concern with the administration of justice in cases where an individual has been accused of a crime, always begin with the initial investigation of the crime and end either with imposition of punishment or with the unconditional release of the person. Most of the time it is the duty of the members of constituted authorities to inflict the punishment. Thus it can be said that almost all of the punishments are an act of self-defense and an act of defending the community against different types of offences. According to Professor Hart “the ultimate justification of any punishment is not that it is deterrent but that it is the emphatic denunciation by the community of a crime” (Hart P.65). Whenever the punishments are inflicted having rationale and humane factor in mind and not motivated by our punitive passions and pleasures then it can be justified otherwise it is nothing but a brutal act of terrorism. Prison System: It has often been argued that the criminals and convicted prisoners are being set free while the law-abiding citizens are starving. Some people are strongly opposed the present prison and parole system and said that prisoners are not given any chance for parole. Prisons must provide the following results: Keep dangerous criminals off the street Create a deterrent for creating a crime The deterrent for creating a crime can be justified in the following four types Retribution: according to this type, the goal of prison is to give people, who commit a crime, what they deserved Deterrence: in this type of justification, the goal of punishment is to prevent certain type of conduct Reform: reform type describes that crime is a disease and so the goal of punishment is to heal people Incapacitation: the...
If you have to wait, make sure that are calm and cooperative. Although this is a difficult time, you need to remember that your behavior can influence your bail. Bail is a way to ensure you will return for your court appearances. How you behave in jail can be reported to the judge. This might influence the bail amount that is eventually ordered.
The US Prison Industrial Complex (PIC) is used to attribute the rapid expansion of the US inmate population to the political influence of private prison companies and businesses that supply goods and services to government prison agencies. The prison industry complex is one of the fastest-growing industries in the United States and its investors are on Wall Street. After spending $5.2 billion on prison construction over the past fifteen years, California now has not only the largest but also the most overcrowded prison system in the United States. The state Department of Corrections estimates that it will need to spend an additional $6.1 billion on prisons over the next decade just to maintain the current level of overcrowding. At least 37
The principle of bail is basic to our system of justice and its practice as old as English law itself. When the administration of criminal justice was in its infancy, arrest for serious crime meant imprisonment without preliminary hearing and long periods of time could occur between apprehension and the arrival of the King's Justices to hold court. It was therefore a matter of utmost importance to a person under arrest to be able to obtain a provisional release from custody until his case was called. This was also the desideratum of the medieval sheriff, the representative of the Crown in criminal matters,
During the preliminary stages if there is reasonable suspicion the suspect may be placed in a garde à vue. It is usual procedure for the police to notify the procureur about the offence, although, as previously mentioned, formal procedures are not always carried out The detention of the accused in garde à vue would usually last up to twenty four hours but if necessary an extension of time maybe be authorised for another twenty four hours. This would be granted by the procureur, for more serious offences additional extensions can be granted by the juge d’instructionat or the juge d’instructionat juge des libertés et de la detention at the request of the procureur. In cases such as these the suspects right to speak with a lawyer may be delayed for as long as seventy two hours, before amendments to the law which came into force on June 2011 the accused would normally have had access to a lawyer for thirty minutes before the start of detention but now can have access during the entire garde a vue. Goldstein and Marcus implied that the role of the defence lawyer was submissive with little contribution in the development of new evidence which, essentially, weakened the
... and the parolees must be extended curtain due process rights. The case of Gagnon v. Scarpelli the main argument was that a court appointed counsel was not provided because it was not specifically addressed in the Morrissey case and it equated probation with parole regarding revocation hearings.
The idea of having a criminal law, procedure and a proper court system has been a concern and must in the United States since it was first founded. This concept is always under consistent speculation and undergoes changes almost every year. One of the most influential pieces included into the procedure of criminal law and the court system is the Bill of Rights. The Bill of Rights was created by the representatives of America to not only enforce the idea of substantive law, but also create a framework for the rights of every day Americans. Ever since the creation of the Bill of Rights, there has been a constant need for change laws and procedures in order to accommodate for rights given to each citizen. In this paper, the analysis of the affect of the Bill of Rights will be analyzed as well as the reasons for increased incarceration rates and the issue of plea bargaining.
The Supreme Court has acknowledged four significant factors in determining the rationality of a prison guideline. Courts should contemplate whether there is a lawful, sensible association between the guideline and the reasonable interest advanced to justify it, whether different means for exercising the proclaimed right continue to exist, whether accommodation of the proclaimed right will unfavorably disturb guards, other inmates, and distribution of prison properties generally, and whether there is an noticeable substitute to the guideline that fully accomm...
Jury trial is a successfully established system which has a history of more than 800 years. Juries are the driving force of the criminal justice system as they ensure that the system works for the welfare of the society. Equally important, juries reflect the opinion which is generally accepted by the public. It is said, that jury trial, as well as having advantages also has drawbacks. This essay will critically discuss the advantage and disadvantage of jury trial, including cases as an example.
No man can be imprisoned justly without a cause for under Magna Carts, cap29 – the statute states that every man would enjoy his liberty better than he doth ... out of the very body of this Act of Parliament, besides the explanation of other statutes, it appears, 'Nullus liber homo capiatur vel imprisonetur nisi per legem
consideration" . And this very definition of bailment was used by the Supreme Court of India in the case of Gujarat v. Menon Mohammad .
This is one of the most important aspects of the criminal investigation process due to the fact that if the proper procedures aren’t followed, the validity of the case will be jeopardized. The Law Enforcement (Powers and Responsibilities) Act 2002 (NSW) outlines the conditions of which a person can be arrested and detained. A key term in the arresting process is ‘suspicion on reasonable grounds’ as this describes the discretion of the police in making arrests. Although for most arrests, a warrant is needed, police can arrest someone if they genuinely believe that the person is guilty of a crime. After a person has been arrested, they will be detained in a police station and this process is also outlined in the Law Enforcement (Powers and Responsibilities) Act 2002 (NSW). The Act outlines the rights a person who has been detained, such as refreshment periods, and the procedures that the police must follow, this is all done to help protect the rights of citizens. If a person is charged with a crime, they will either be put in remand or be allowed to post bail. Bail, also referred to as conditional freedom, allows a person to retain certain rights, such as spend their time awaiting trial in their home, and this is outlined in the Bail Act 1978 (NSW). Bail is a great example in the criminal trial process achieving justice, as the concept of bail seeks to