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The influence of plato on augustine
The influence of plato on augustine
The strengths and weaknesses of augustine’s theodicy essay
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Augustine, through On Free Choice of the Will, gives the soul an excess amount of power to both control herself and give something that only it can. Many of Augustine’s philosophical views can arguably be rooting from Plato’s discussion of wisdom in Five Dialogues. Augustine argues good will as love for eternal, spiritual things in opposition to sins but does not mention God’s grace and his discussion of good will is mostly analogous to Plato’s view of wisdom and my personal beliefs. Augustine describes good will as the opposite of sinning but misses a key factor about the soul’s power to rule herself. Augustine describes people being “happy when they love their own good will” (Augustine 22) and embrace it. However, there is no mention of …show more content…
A person can will to be happy but it is short-lived if the person does not live rightly in order to guarantee happiness. Augustine’s two laws, …show more content…
Whereas Augustine describes “love [of] temporary things” (Augustine 24) as sin, Plato, similarly, discusses the body’s desire for such temporary illusions. Plato views anything arrived at through the senses as evil because it causes one to become further from the ultimate truth and become more immoral and corrupt. He states that the temporary senses of the body “prevent us from seeing the truth” (Plato 66d) and thus cause “confusion and fear.” (66d) This is similar to temporary desires causing a retraction from the good will as one becomes more adapted or comfortable to temporary senses or body’s senses. As we view Augustine’s temporary desires as arguably evil, he also states, “it follows that doing evil is nothing but turning away from learning.” (Augustine 2) This makes it more challenging to gain “pure knowledge” (Pluto 66d) as Pluto described it. Desire for temporary things, or sin, clearly make it more difficult to gain good will or in other words, true knowledge through the daemon. By shifting love towards “what is eternal” (Augustine 25) one is able to detach from the body and focus on the consciousness. Plato’s and Augustine’s meanings are nearly identical but they each use different concepts or forms of description to portray their underlying
In Augustine's Confessions, the early church father puts forth a complex theodicy in which he declares evil to be nonexistent. Such a leap may seem to be illogical, but this idea stems from the understanding of what is substance and what is not. According to Augustine, the duality of good and evil is false, because anything that is good is substance and what humans think of as evil is simply the absence of the good (Confessions, 126). Vices for example, are just the display of the absence of the good. Pride is the absence of humility, unrighteous anger the absence of temperance, and so on. This idea is evident as he writes that the ability to be corrupted is what makes something good, not i...
Augustine’s contention that man cannot possibly come into truth by reason in his temporal life constitutes his initial departure from the ancients, and results in the need for an entirely new structuring of the relationship between man and the good. In differentiating between the nature of God and man, Augustine argues that man’s nature—unlike God’s—is corruptible, and is thus “deprived of the light of eternal truth” (XI, 22) . This stands the thought of Plato on its head, since now no amount of contemplation and argument will be capable of getting man closer to a truth that exists on a plane that “surpasses the reach of the human mind” (XXI, 5). If reason is an instrument as flawed as man himself, how, then, is man to know the supreme good if he is forced to grope blindly for it in a state of sin without any assistance from the powers of his own mind? It is this question which serves as the premise for Augustine’s division of existence into the City of Man and the City of God and articulation of a system of vice and struggle against vice that keeps man anchored to the City of Man and prevents him from entering the City of God in temporal life.
In his Confessions, Saint Augustine warns against the many pleasures of life. "Day after day," he observes, "without ceasing these temptations put us to the test" (245).[1] He argues that a man can become happy only by resisting worldly pleasures. But according to Aristotle, virtue and happiness depend on achieving the "moral mean" in all facets of life. If we accept Aristotle's ideal of a balanced life, we are forced to view Saint Augustine's denial of temptations from a different perspective. His avoidance of worldly pleasures is an excess of self-restraint that keeps him from the moral mean between pleasure and self-restraint. In this view, he is sacrificing balance for excess, and is no different from a drunkard who cannot moderate his desire for alcohol.
In “On Free Choice of the Will” by Augusutine, Evodius asked questions to Augustine “I would like to know from you the origin of that movement by which the will is turned away from the common and immutable goods … because if free will has given in a such way that this movement is natural to it, then it is turned to lesser goods by necessity. There is no blame to be found where nature and necessity rule”. (85) Because he thinks God is responsible for human being including its behavior and will, he claims the movement which turns away from goods is natural. So, he concluded it is not blameworthy. However, Augustine objects to Evodius’s insistence and answers Evodius’s question by the example of “stone’s movement”. In this paper, I will discuss what the “stone’s movement” is, and how this example replies to the Evodius’s worry.
...lighted” Augustine’s body (Confessions VIII. 5, p. 148). In this example, regardless of Augustine’s want to will succumbing to God, he found that his habits had rendered him unable to. His will in favor of the lower things held Augustine tighter than his will for God, which caused Augustine to choose the lesser good, which left him “in the midst of that great tumult I had stirred up against my own soul in the chamber of my heart” (Confessions VIII. 7, p.152). His two wills tore at him until he fully abandoned his earthly lust for the spiritual Godly desires; supporting his conclusion that free will in favor of the lesser goods causes evil. Therefore, free will is the ultimate source of evil.
... divine law and letting reason govern one’s actions, they can achieve complete happiness. One must not totally disregard temporal goods, but their actions should be based on their goods of the will, not temporal goods.
Augustine believed that the pursuit of wisdom without recognizing the importance and the power of God was useless. In his view it was a sin for a man to have that much pride and arrogance about his own intellect. Augustine recalled that as a very young man he himself succumbed to excessive pride. He fervently desired the recognition and prestige that came with being an accomplished rhetorician. He “squandered the brains [God] gave [him] on foolish delusions.” (I, 37)
In the beginning, God created the world. He created the earth, air, stars, trees and mortal animals, heaven above, the angels, every spiritual being. God looked at these things and said that they were good. However, if all that God created was good, from where does un-good come? How did evil creep into the universal picture? In Book VII of his Confessions, St. Augustine reflects on the existence of evil and the theological problem it poses. For evil to exist, the Creator God must have granted it existence. This fundamentally contradicts the Christian confession that God is Good. Logically, this leads one to conclude evil does not exist in a created sense. Augustine arrives at the conclusion that evil itself is not a formal thing, but the result of corruption away from the Supreme Good. (Augustine, Confessions 7.12.1.) This shift in understanding offers a solution to the problem of evil, but is not fully defended within Augustine’s text. This essay will illustrate how Augustine’s solution might stand up to other arguments within the context of Christian theology.
Both Plato and Augustine offer unusual conceptions of what one must acquire to live a truly happy life. While the conventional view of happiness normally pertains to wealth, financial stability, and material possessions, Plato and Augustine suggest that true happiness is rooted in something independent of objects or people. Though dissimilar in their notions of that actual root, each respective philosophy views the attaining of that happiness as a path, a direction. Plato’s philosophy revolves around the attainment of eternal knowledge and achieving a metaphysical balance. Augustine also emphasizes one’s knowing the eternal, though his focus is upon living in humility before God. Both assert that human beings possess a natural desire for true happiness, and it is only through a path to something interminable that they will satisfy this desire.
Author Claudia Gray stated, “Self-knowledge is better than self-control any day” (Goodreads). Evil and sin exists in our world today and the temptation they bring bounds many human’s spiritual being. Finding the root of all evil is a hard and torturous concept to understand, but knowing one’s own free will helps bring understanding and deliverance from the evils of the world. Throughout the book Confessions Saint Augustine “ponders the concepts of evil and sin and searches the root of their being” (Augustine 15). The existence of evil is one of the most worrisome challenges a Christian or any individual deals with throughout life. Saint Augustine’s beliefs concerning the root of all evil and sins transforms as he begins to grow and develop in the knowledge of his free will and spiritual being. Early on, he believes “God created all things and evil is a thing, therefore God created evil” (Augustine 73-74). From this he conceives the notion that God cannot be good if he knowingly created evil. As Augustine begins to grow in his spiritual walk, his views begin to evolve as he questions his Manichee’s beliefs and explores the concepts of good and evil. From his inquiring Augustine develops the question, what is evil and what if evil did not need creating? He asks, “Do we have any convincing evidence that a good God exists” (Augustine 136-137)?
... hand, a love which is holy: agape, unselfish love, and on the other hand a love which is unholy: distorted love of self; selfishness. Augustine clearly acknowledged unselfish love, which is holy love, the love of God. Augustine’s philosophy of love of self is defined as self-seeking and egotistical. The two self-loves are entirely divergent. One is self-giving, selfless, self-sacrificing, and the other is self-centered. One builds up; the other idea of love is self-destructive. One turns to God, and the other turns away from God. In my opinion, I think it is almost impossible in today’s world to live in the way that Augustine accepts. Nevertheless, I can agree somewhat due to the fact that he referring towards an eternal life with God in a Christian sense of thinking. In our secular culture of today's culture, many more people are beginning to turn away from God.
Plato and Augustine to my understanding both share similarities and differences within their beliefs on worldview, they have different moral beliefs, as Augustine’s beliefs are solely based on faith, as Plato’s, belief includes philosophical aspects, and
According to Augustine, “Human beings are endowed with a power that he calls the will.” He emphasizes the will to being the center of freedom. Unlike other philosophers, who are determinists, Augustine, who has a libertarian view, sees our will as free choice. So for whatever we may choose to do, we become solely responsible for our actions which are caused by external factors instead of internal ones.
The Manichees’ solution identifies goodness with “corporeal light” and “evil with physical darkness” and gave Augustine “intellectual satisfaction,” knowing that “if one concentrates on the attributes of incorruptibility, inviolability, and immutability, it does not seem impossible for there to be two beings having those attributes in common while occupying opposite ends of the moral spectrum” (Mann 98). The dualism of this idea is “confined within materialism” yet Augustine was not aware of the flaws in this solution as he “had difficulty understanding how anything could exist without being corporeal,” such as God (Mann 98). Eventually Augustine’s conversion to Christianity caused him to dismiss this solution. It was not the dualism that he rejected but the materialism of the Manichaeism “conceptions of God and evil,” and he began to “embrace” a different dualism between spiritual and physical beings (Mann 99). Augustine countered the Manichaeism claim that “there is still an ultimate, invincible source of evil, be it corporeal or incorporeal” by insisting that God is rightfully “sovereign over all other beings,” as well as a spiritual being and in no way physical (Mann
To Augustine’s mind, his lustful pleasures were “very pleasant too” (Augustine 109) and despite his fear of death and the eternal torment of his soul, he loved them too much to give them up. Their momentary joy was to him more obvious than the threat of Hell, which seemed to be far in the distance. Our lives, however, are fleeting, and can quickly be ended, through cancer, a car accident, a terrorist attack, heart disease, a stroke, pneumonia, and many other causes. And what will come of the resolution to convert later in life then? Or perhaps the pleasures of life are too pleasing to give up, and that day of conversion is put off more and more until, old, bitter, and with a life of broken, wasted energy and pleasures, one dies separate from God.