Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
Contemporary attachment theory
Essays on the attachment theory
Essays on the attachment theory
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Recommended: Contemporary attachment theory
Cautious in Catalina, A child can have an attachment to their caregiver. There are four different types of attachment, first, secure attachment where a child is comfortable and confident. Second, insecure-avoidant attachment, a child can have anger, fear, anxiety or indifference (Berger, 2015, p. 217). Third, insecure-resistant/ambivalent attachment is the opposite of insecure attachment. This is where a child clings to their caregiver and are angry when left. Fourth, disorganized attachment where children go from kick or kissing their caregiver and go from having a blank stare to crying hysterically (Berger, 2015). It looks like the child you care for seems to be in the insecure avoidant attachment category. This can be because he might feel
Bowlby proposed that attachment behaviour between a mother and child happens when certain behavioural systems are actuated in the infant as a consequence of its interaction with its environment, primarily with the interaction of its mother. By encompassing earlier theories of ethology, development psychology and psychoanalysis (Bretherton, 1992), Bowlby developed his theory on ‘Attachment’. This essay looks at the development of ‘Attachment Theory’ since its introduction over four decades ago and how the research of Ainsworth and Main significantly supports Bowlby’s thesis. It also looks at Mahler’s theory of ‘Separation-Individuation’ and the importance of how positive attachment is necessary for the advancement of autonomy and identity. Finally, it will explore the shift in paradigms from cognitive psychology to neuropsychology and look at how attachment communication between primary caregiver and infant influences the imprinting of the orbitofrontal cortex.
The Urocyon littoralis (Island fox) populations that inhabit the California Channel islands have significantly decreased since 1994. This paper reviews prior pathogen exposure in these populations, and examines the present threat through the use of a serologic survey of sympatric feral cats in 2001-2003 on three of the islands, and a survey of the foxes on all of the islands for antibodies against canid pathogens. The results suggest that the foxes were exposed to canine distemper virus, canine adenovirus, canine parvovirus, and toxoplasma before its population decline, while other pathogen exposure was rare. In 2001-2003, the foxes had exposure to canine distemper virus, canine adenovirus, and canine parvovirus, while the other viruses were less common. This suggests that sharing of pathogens and infectious agents between the feral cats
An infant’s initial contact with the world and their exploration of life is directly through the parent/ primary caregiver. As the child grows, learns, and develops, a certain attachment relationship forms between them and the principle adult present in this process. Moreover, this attachment holds huge implications concerning the child’s future relationships and social successes. Children trust that their parental figure will be there; as a result, children whom form proper attachments internalize an image of their world as stable, safe, and secure. These children will grow independent while at the same time maintaining a connection with their caregivers. (Day, 2006). However, when a child f...
Attachments are formed with parents; this contributes to give a sense of who we are and who we will become in later life. However where these attachments are broken the child needs to have a secure attachment established with an alternative adult care giver,...
The Infant needs to be confident that his or her needs will be met. This confidence in his or her parents is essential to forming a secure attachment. If a child's parents are neglectful, insensitive, and inconsistent to his or her feelings and behaviors an insecure attachment will form. This kind of relationship is usually the result of emotionally detached relationships between the parent and child.
Forming attachments in life is something that is beneficial for us all. However, there are many in the world that have grown up without being able to form attachments with others properly. Children in foster homes have harder times forming attachments. This is partly because they are in and out of foster care homes, or they may get close to another child in the home and that child leaves. No matter the reason, they do not have the best attachment history. According to the DSM-IV, reactive attachment disorder is defined as result of social neglect or other situations that limit a young child’s opportunity to form selective attachments. (DSM IV). Attachment is formed in the beginning stages of life to a child. When the child does not have a
Attachment, the product of nature and nurture, is critical to human development. Children learn about important aspects of their physical, emotional and social world through experience. The value of this experience is directly proportional to the quality of the attachment children are forming with their caregivers. Through the positive experience of emotional connectedness, children learn to build and maintain loving, trusting and secure relationships with others. If the caregivers are available to them, sensitive to their signals, consistently responsive to their needs, infants develop secure style of attachment. If the caregivers are indifferent or neglectful, inaccessible, unresponsive and unreliable, infants are prone to developing anxious, avoidant or disorganized attachment style (Pearce, 2009). Difficulties in forming childhood relationships significantly increase likelihood of interpersonal conflicts in adulthood. Anxiety disorder, PTSD, dissociative identify disorder, borderline, narcissistic personality disorder are dysfunctions that are linked to attachment insecurities. Interpersonal adult conflicts, such as divorce, family abuse, child neglect, sexual abuse, substance abuse are responses to emotional dysregulation caused by deep wounds in
In the Strange Situation 12 to 18 month olds undergo multiple phases to determine their attachment style (Ainsworth et al., 1978). The infant is placed in a novel environment where multiple stages take place including: the infant and caregiver interacting, introduction of a new individual, caregiver leaving and stranger attempting to comfort the child and finally the mother returning and the stranger leaving (Ainsworth et al., 1978). In another trial the mother leaves again and the stranger returns and tries to interact with the child then the mother returns for the final time (Ainsworth et al., 1978). The reunion between the mother and infant and the way the child reacts determines the type of attachment the child has to the caregiver (Ainsworth et al., 1978). Secure infants represent that majority and use the caregiver as a secure base, seek them out when they are absent and are comforted when the caregiver returns (Ainsworth et al., 1978). Insecure-avoidant infants are not dependent upon the caregiver when navigating the environment, nor do they depend upon them when distressed (Ainsworth et al., 1978). Insecure-resistant infants will often act needy and dependable but reject the caregiver when they interact, they do not obtain security from the caregiver and consequently does not
Infant attachment is the first relationship a child experiences and is crucial to the child’s survival (BOOK). A mother’s response to her child will yield either a secure bond or insecurity with the infant. Parents who respond “more sensitively and responsively to the child’s distress” establish a secure bond faster than “parents of insecure children”. (Attachment and Emotion, page 475) The quality of the attachment has “profound implications for the child’s feelings of security and capacity to form trusting relationships” (Book). Simply stated, a positive early attachment will likely yield positive physical, socio-emotional, and cognitive development for the child. (BOOK)
Weinfield, N., Sroufe, L., Egeland, B., & Carlson, E. (2008). Individual differences in infant-caregiver attachment: Conceptual and empirical aspects of security. In J. Cassidy, P. Shaver (Eds.). Handbook of Attachment: Theory, research, and clinical application (2nd ed.) (pp. 78-101). New York, NY US: Guilford Press.
The child feels more desire to explore when the caregiver is around, and he or she is discontented when the caretaker goes away. This pattern of attachment is characterized by high discriminative aspects where the child highly sensitive to the presence of strangers (Newton, 2008). A child becomes happy where the caregiver is present and dull when the caregiver goes away. Secure attachment level and intensity is determined by the caregiver sensitivity to the needs of a child. Consistent response to a child needs by the caregiver or parents will create a relatively strong secure attachment pattern. Care and attention are the major determinants of secure attachment and a child who revives a lot of attention and care from his or her parent are much prone to develop secure attachment, and it is an indication that the parent is responsive to the child
Although parents may make positive comments about their child, social workers must witness the parent and child interaction as it is a more reliable indicator of the quality of the relationship. Knowledge of Attachment Theory possibly explains what normally happens between the parent and child as children’s behaviour is shaped by the parenting they receive. For example well-cared for children show signs of separation anxiety when parted from their ‘secure anchor’, but calm down on their return, whereas insecure children behave differently, such as not being upset at all (Howe,
Peggy Noonan, on February 25, 2016, wrote “Trump and the Rise of the Unprotected”. She wrote this article to explain Donald Trump as being likely a Republican nominee and how her main focus is around the idea of protection. She goes on to talk about how there are two sides, the protected and the unprotected. She includes that the protected makes public policies and are accomplished, secure and successful with the outside world they created. As for the unprotected, they just live in it and they’re starting to forcefully push back.
According to Suval (2015), approval from others gives us a higher sense of self-esteem. We’re convinced that their recognition matters to our self-worth and how deeply we value ourselves. While seeking approval from others may be inevitable, problems may arise depending on how far one goes down that road. By the same token, caring how others perceive us isn’t necessarily all negative. It does make sense to censor what we say to spare hurt feelings, to act appropriately at a religious affair, or to dress a certain way to fit into a designated environment.
Malicious code is a real danger to modern systems. Most systems nowadays do not work in isolation; they are more likely to be connected to other systems and sometimes they can even be dependent on them. Therefore an attack on one of the systems in the network is a potential attacking attempt to any other systems, with which it is interacting. Therefore, it is inevitable for any networked or Internet-connected computers to deal with malicious code attacks at some point. Businesses lose billions of dollars each year because of malicious code attacks. Responding to the attack and restoring all the data on the computers is a time-consuming and expensive task. It is a much better practice to try preventing it through organizing and maintaining effective defenses. However, it is important to keep in mind that there is no one general solution that can help to prevent all the attacks. Attackers are constantly looking for new ways to take advantage of systems’ vulnerabilities and find new ones. That’s why organizations have to not only defend themselves against existing attack methods, but also try to predict and prevent new attacking techniques. It means that computer and network security is a never-ending challenge and expense.