Aspirin

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Aspirin

Aspirin is a white crystalline substance made of carbon, hydrogen, and

oxygen. It is used in the treatment of rheumatic fever, headaches, neuralgia,

colds, and arthritis; reduce temperature and pain. The formula for aspirin is

CH3CO2C6H4CO2H. Aspirin's scientific name is actylsalicylic acid (ASA). The

main ingredient in ASA is salicylic acid. This ingredient grows in small roots,

leaves, flowers and fruits on plants.

About 100 years ago, a German chemist, Felix Hoffmann, set out to find a

drug that would ease his father's arthritis without causing severe stomach

irritation that came from sodium salicylate, the standard anti-arthritis

treatment of the time. Hoffmann figured that the acidity of the salicylate made

it hard on the stomach's lining. He began looking for a less acidic formulation.

His search led him to the synthesization of acetylsalicylic acid. The compound

shared the therapeutic properties of other salicylates, but caused less stomach

irritation. ASA reduced fever, relieved moderate pain, and, at higher doses,

alleviated rheumatic fever and arthritic conditions.

Though Hoffmann was confident that ASA would prove more affective than

other salicylates, but his superiors incorrectly stated that ASA weakens the

heart and that physicians would not subscribe it. Hoffmann's employer,

Friedrich Bayer and Company, gave ASA its now famous name, aspirin.

It is not yet fully known how aspirin works, but most authorities agree

that it achieves some of its effects by hindering the flow of prostaglandins.

Prostaglandins are hormone-like substances that influence the elasticity of

blood vessels. John Vane, Ph. D., noted that many forms of tissue injury were

followed by the release of prostaglandins. It was proved that prostaglndins

caused redness and fever, common signs of inflammation. Vane's research showed

that by blocking the flow of prostaglandins, aspirin prevented blood from

aggregating and forming blood clots.

Aspirin can be used for the temporary relief of headaches, painful

discomfort and fever from colds, muscular aches and pains, and temporary relief

to minor pains of arthritis, toothaches, and menstrual pain. Aspirin should not

be used in patients who have an allergic reaction to aspirin and/or nonsteroidal

anti-inflammatory agents.

The usual adult dosage for adults and children over the age of 12 is one

or two tablets with water. This may be repeated every 4 hours as necessary up

to 12 tablets a day or as directed by your doctor. You should not give aspirin

to children under the age of 12. An overdose of 200 to 500 mg/kg is in the

fatal range. Early symptoms of overdose are vomiting, hypernea, hyperactivity,

and convulsions. This progresses quickly to depression, coma, respiratory

failure and collapse. In case of an overdose, intensive supportive therapy

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