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How religion influences government
The contribution of religion in politics
What is the relationship between religion and politics
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Religion intertwines itself in everyday life through simple ways such as saying grace before dinner to complex ways such as influencing political outcomes or determining how to rule a region. In this case, two ancient texts will be compared and contrasted on their political ideology. The Edicts of Ashoka features how politics changed by the way resistance by somewhat maintaining the status quo but changing the political order of India. In contrast, the Bhagavad Gita text features readings that strongly encouraged revolution. Both texts feature political ideologies, which had shaped their region.
To begin, Ashoka brought about the ideology of Buddhism to India when he became emperor 268 BCE. To spread the word of Ashoka’s rule as well as his belief in Buddhism, Ashoka erected rocks and pillars throughout India to maintain his power in the region that are now known as the Edicts of Ashoka. These pillars and rocks formed the laws, respect, kindness, and good deeds, which the public should abide by. In the countryside, people may have not known
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The people were bound to a duty known as “Dharma”. Before Ashoka, dharma was the notion that a person should live the best they could within their caste in order to be reborn into a better caste in the next life. The caste system put Brahims at the top of the system and would have them control the government and economy. Once Ashoka began to rule, he kept the term Dharma in order to maintain the status quo, but he changed the meaning of the term in order to fit Buddhist ideology. The term was meant to convince the public to be good people and the term destroyed the caste system, bringing everyone to the same level, which had upset the Brahmins (Dhammika). Due to the emperor’s defiance of the previous political atmosphere, his reign was seen as resistance of the former
Merriam- Webster online dictionary defines an epic hero as, “ A grand and noble character in an epic poem, admired for great achievements or effected by grand events.” The same dictionary also defines an epic poem as, “a story told about a hero or exciting events.” The Epic of Gilgamesh is often considered the oldest story on earth; which would make Gilgamesh, the story’s controversial main character, and the world’s oldest epic hero. This epic set a precedent for all epics to follow; it displayed most of the traits that society commonly perceives an epic hero and epic poem should have. The Epic of Gilgamesh exhibits tendencies of an epic poem through its inclusion of an epic hero, multiple gods and goddesses, and it’s vast array of settings across the world. Additionally, Gilgamesh presents attributes of an epic hero through his quest for immortality, his noble birth and his battles with superhuman foes.
Firstly, religion and philosophy greatly affected life in Ancient India. Document A states, “India has been an important part of three major world religions - Hinduism, Buddhism, and Islam.” These religions change people’s day-to-day lives, because of their beliefs. For example, Hindus life their lives based on their dharma, or their spiritual duties they have to fulfill in their lifetime. Hindus believe that by following their dharma and being a good person, they will establish good karma, which is the effect(s) that good or bad actions have on the soul. By establishing good karma, Hindus believe that they will be born into a better caste, or social division. This will definitely change the way people act, since they will want to be born into a better life in
disciplines were send to India to retrieve the holy sculptures, and help them become Buddha
According to Socrates, “True wisdom comes to each of us when we realize how little we understand about life, ourselves, and the world around us.” To include, Proverbs, 3:5-6 states, “Trust in the Lord with all your heart and do not rely on your own insight. In all your ways acknowledge him, and he will make straight your paths.” (Bible). In like manner, throughout the sacred text of Bhagavad Gita, Arjuna, has a difficult time understanding life and does not want to partake in his natural-born duty as a warrior. On the other hand, Bhagavad Gita, means, “Song of the Blessed One”, and it is based on Hinduism. Hinduism is a well-known religion and The Bhagavad Gita is based on its ancient principles. However, although the sacred text of Bhadgavad
Hinduism focuses on liberation from the realm of samsara, the cycle of rebirth and death, while Confucianism focuses on the Dao, the correct way to act for society, and ren, or benevolence. Both religions have religious texts that reflect these ideals, the Bhagavad-Gita belonging to Hinduism, and the Analects belonging to Confucianism. While these two texts originate from two distinct religions, the two have some similarities and differences. Both the Bhagavad-Gita and the Analects address the proper way for one to act; however, they differ when it comes to heaven and the main concern of each text. The main concern of the Bhagavad-Gita is a personal journey, achieving moksa through devotion to Brahman, and the main concern of the Analects is a communal journey, maintaining social propriety through the five relationships.
A large amount of ancient texts contain themes relating to violence, power, and war, while others, such as The Bhagavad Gita and Confucius’ Analects, focus on individual and collective development through a series of selfless acts. The two texts provide an in-depth system of duties and learning created to provide direction for the betterment of the self, as well as society as a whole. The Bhagavad Gita places a greater focus on the duties of individuals that must be fulfilled to achieve an enlightened state with the divine forces. Contradictory consequences are presented for those who choose to act in an egotistical manner and deny their duties. Confucius’ Analects, on the other hand, places its main focus on collective development and responsibility
The caste system of India originated from the “strict societal class distinction between the nobility and the common people” that the Aryans brought to the Indus Valley in the early 1500s BCE (Cunningham, Reich, Fichner-Rathus 163). The Aryans, who migrated from Europe, invaded and imposed their will upon the indigenous people of the Indus valley in order to build a control system that would keep them at the top and their blood line untainted. This social ranking system that they implemented has been a staple in Indian society ever since and has undergone many changes over the last thirty-five hundred years. A person’s rank in society was acquired through birth rites and was permanent. It was believed that a person’s rank could only be changed in the next life after death. “Movement from one rank to another was believed to be connected to good or bad deeds during one’s lifetime” (163).
Asoka was the third ruler of the Mauryan Empire and is considered the greatest ruler of ancient India. Asoka not only unified India under one government, he also introduced the concept of conquest by moral force over violence. Furthermore, he is arguably one of the most important figures in the early development of Buddhism. It is because of Asoka’s royal patronage that Buddhism spread beyond India and became the world religion that it is today.
Upon reading about the historical and religious background of Ancient India, one can clearly assume that the country was strongly influenced by three main religious teachings: Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism. These three sects in religious thinking have many similarities as all recognize the life-cycle and the need of liberation, they worship one central deity that used to be a human who gained enlightenment and they all recognize the existence of the eternal soul and after-death re-incarnation. However, they also share a lot of differences that mark the underlying principles of practicing them. I will identify the scope of differences and similarities in these ancient religions in an attempt to understand why each attracted followers, why each was shaped a certain way and how they preserved the interest of followers on into the modern times as well.
Allow me to begin my exposition by diving deep into one of the most misunderstood cultures in the modern world; a culture of ancient wisdom and colorful tradition; the culture of Hinduism in India. At first glace, the Hindu society, one finds a very structured way of life; a social system in which individuals are divided into distinct, close knit communities. This type of hierarchical division is known as a caste system. With its roots in the religion of Hinduism, those Hindu and non-Hindu alike are affected by the social power of the Indian structure. Generally speaking, there exist four major divisions in caste. In each division, individuals are assigned certain duties in society. The word dharma is used to describe one’s social duties. One is only allowed to perform those duties assigned to him/her by one’s particular caste. In religious terms each caste is called a Varna. The highest level of the hierarchy contains those of the highest education. All the spiritual leaders, tea...
Ashoka’s conversion to Buddhism made a great impact on the Mauryan Empire. If Ashoka continued to be a ruler with such evil ways of enforcement, the people of the Mauryan Empire would not be happy. His conversion to Buddhism saved a lot of lives because of his new belief in ahimsa. Ashoka also sent out many Buddhist missionaries all over the country to spread the religion of Buddhism. Significant events like these were very important events that occurred during the time period of the Mauryan Empire.
Buddhism, like most other religions, originated in a particular place at a particular time, and its roots are in forms and ideas that were part of the environment in which it developed. The most important of these areas at the time of the Buddha was the valley of the Ganges river which flows from west to east across most of northern India. It was here that the great religions of India first arose and flourished. Only later did they spread to the south. In the time of the Buddha, about 500 B.C.E., this area was undergoing a period of vigorous religious development.
The Bhagavad-Gita teaches many things, and amongst these, morality and moral law are developed for the Hindu religion. What Krishna, the primary Hindu god, declares in this somewhat epic poem to be the "basis of good in this world" (stanza 3, pg. 620 of text) is for people to take action. Action, as he goes on to state, is within the very nature of our beings to do. Krishna even states that "without action you even fail to sustain your own body" (stanza 8, pg. 620 of text). Thus, Krishna feels that action is very important and key. To take this concept as a relation to ethics, Krishna tells Arjuna, the warrior he is talking to in this poem, that "Action imprisons the world unless it is done as sacrifice; freed from attachment, Arjuna, perform action as sacrifice!" (stanza 9, pg. 620 of text). Thus, Krishna is prescribing that, in order for an action to be considered good, the good that he already declared to be the basis of all good in the world, one must detach himself from the action being performed and perform the action sacrificially. The detachment aspect is incredibly important to Krishna, for he proclaims that in "performing action with detachment, one achieves supreme good" (stanza 19, pg 620 of text). By doing this, Krishna believes that the world is preserved, for other people will follow the warrior's actions and imitate them in their own lives. A leader, such as a warrior or king, "sets the standard for the world to follow" (stanza 21, pg. 621 of text), as Krishna says and thus must take whatever action is necessary for the world to not be destroyed, to set examples of goodness and right in his own actions. By separating himself from these actions, thus becoming detached, he can achieve this. Another main reason that Krishna feels detachment is necessary is this: "You have a right to perform your prescribed duty, but you are not entitled to the fruits of action. Never consider yourself the cause of the results of your activities, and never be attached to not doing your duty." (Bhagavad-Gita 2.47). Thus, so long as one does not profit from his own actions, the action itself is good. And, this is Krishna's prescription for leading a life of morality and duty is the moral law to follow in order to achieve this.
Ashoka converted to Buddhism after he experienced a bloody war in Kalinga, and wanted to purify himself. He then became Buddhist and wanted his empire to follow his lead of living a life of purity, moral values, and nonviolence. Ashoka proceeded to send missionaries, people sent on a religion mission, around to spread Buddhism around India and to Sri Lanka. Missionaries that Ashoka sent to Sri Lanka included his son, Mahinda, and some of his close friends (Sen, “Ashoka and His Empire”). This spreading of Buddhism by missionaries serves as a way to un...
For thousands of years, religion has exerted a great influence over economic and political life. Even today religion is called upon to support rulers, contacts and other legal procedures.