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Artificial intelligence's social and ethical issues
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Recommended: Artificial intelligence's social and ethical issues
Introduction
The concept of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has myriad definitions. It is commonly described as the ability of a man-made machine to imitate human behaviour. Artificial intelligence is present, at a range of levels, in almost all modern-day technology; all computers and a host of home appliances use AI, in various manners. Robotics, which is an up and coming branch of technology, combines Artificial Intelligence, advanced hardware to create highly innovative machines. The use of such machines ranges from fixing a part in a factory assembly line to a pull sized robot employed in unblocking blood arteries.
Sentience is defined as “the capacity for basic consciousness — the ability to feel or perceive” (“Moratorium on “Sentience”). A sentient robot, accordingly, is a robot which is ‘artificially intelligent’, or even human-like. Present-day technology does not extend thus far. However, considering the rate of advancement in said technology, it is widely believed that sentient robotics will be achieved within the next 20 years.
Figure 1: Graph of calculations per second vs. the storage capacity (Kenneth, Jane, pg 353 figure 10.22)
This leads me to my research question;
What are some of the ethical and social issues regarding the progress of Artificial Intelligence in the area of Robotics?
This paper, with the aim of answering the above-mentioned research question, first explores the basics of artificial intelligence, and thereafter addresses the associated moral, social and ethical issues. The objective of the content, sourced from relevant articles and various learned opinions is to create solutions, which will then be evaluated and compared in order to assess their potential.
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...ke is unlikely, and therefore, the notion of human beings accepting the former as equivalents is both questionable and incongruous.
One should not, nevertheless, be so quick to disregard a technology with numerous potential benefits. Artificial intelligence is an extremely important aspect of future technology, and with the rate of advancement in the arena of technology, the development of AI (in it’s entirety) is likely inevitable. The most plausible solution, therefore, is a ‘medium’ solution – one where this technology is advanced at a cautious rate, and where the robots are created with the sole aim of benefitting human society, and not in any competitive or threatening spirit. A caveat presents itself at this point: such technology is easily liable to spiral out of control, and thus necessitates the utmost vigilance and control, both private and governmental.
In the introductory part of Wallach and Allen’s book, they present three essential issues, one of them is “does the world need AMAs?”(p.9) Wallach and Allen give a positive answer, they believe that with the rapid development in new technology and mechanization, intelligent autonomous robot begin coming into our lives, AMAs may bring a variety of ethical and social issues, in support of artificial intelligence, to human society. This makes the AMAs show a certain degree of harm to society. However, the development of AMAs cannot be stopped because some futurists and social critics are criticizing the issues in the future technology of AMAs may arise. Facing the importance of risk assessment in the progress of building AMAs, they seek “precautionary principle” from ethics to regulate the AMAs, and point out that there should be a standard to use or not use those ethical principles. (p.52) conditionally assessing risk using appropriate methods, and use this basis to reassess the danger of developing AMAs is greater than risk or not. Wallach and Allen maintain an optimistic attitude about the future, they believe in the near future, “It will be possible to engineer systems that are more sensitive to the laws and moral considerations that inform ethical decisions than anything presently available.”(p.214) in view of this, Wallach a...
Links999. Ethical and moral issues regarding artificial intelligence. Links999.org, 24 Apr. 2011. Web. 25 Apr. 2011. .
The technological field has advanced to something far more than what people could have imagined just a half a century ago. The technological revolution has changed the lifestyle of societies just as the Industrial revolution changed the lifestyle of Europe. Who would have imagined the Internet and computers in most homes, when a computer could barely fit into an entire building, much less intelligent machines? Artificial Intelligence is an intriguing technology that will shape the human lifestyle of the future. Restricting research and progress in the field is hardly a feasible task in today's world. More realistically, we should monitor and keep the technology in a realistic and safe progression.
To guide AI development in an ethical direction, the understanding of Human Intelligence (HI) must be obtained. By implementing HI qualities within AI machines, they will be able to think as moral human beings. Postulating like a human is imperative to preserve an ordered society. Intelligence Quotient (IQ) is defined as “the ability to learn or understand or to deal with new or trying situations” (“Intelligence”). Research conducted by Anusuya and Katti elaborates on the following categories of IQ: Emotional Intelligence (EQ), Steadfast Intelligence (SFQ), Spiritual Intelligence (SQ), People Quotient Intelligence (PQ), and Multiple Intelligence (MI) (1676-1677). Paralleling AI decision making with HI will contribute to ethical synchronization and fortify technological progression. The incorporation of EQ, the awareness of feelings and the ability to control them, will allow AI to form conscience decisions while considering human needs. The application of PQ, the ability of people to relate effectively with other people, will allo...
Bar-Cohen, Yoseph, and David Hanson. The Coming Robot Revolution: Expectations and Fears about Emerging Intelligent, Humanlike Machines. New York: Springer, 2009. Print.
Artificial Intelligence, also known as AI, allows a machine to function as if the machine has the capability to think like a human. While we are not expecting any hovering cars anytime soon, artificial intelligence is projected to have a major impact on the labor force and will likely replace about half the workforce in the United States in the decades to come. The research in artificial intelligence is advancing rapidly at an unstoppable rate. So while many people feel threatened by the possibility of a robot taking over their job, computer scientists actually propose that robots would benefit a country’s efficiency of production, allowing individuals to reap the benefits of the robots. For the advantage of all, researchers and analysts have begun to mend the past ideas of human-robot interaction. They have pulled inspiration from literary works of Isaac Asimov whom many saw as the first roboticist ahead of his time, and have also gotten ideas of scholarly research done by expert analysts. These efforts have began to create an idea of a work force where humans and robots work together in harmony, on a daily basis.
Summary- This book expert describes the fundamentals, history, and changes associated with Artificial Intelligence from 1950’s onward. The book provides a basic explanation that Artificial Intelligence involves simulating human behavior or performance using encoded thought processes and reasoning with electronic free standing components that do mechanical work.
Humanity was and always is attracted to the concept of an artificial being that would make life easier and more enjoyable. The word Robot was introduced in 1921 by Karel Capek, who was a check writer in his play "R.U.R" (Rossuum's Universal Robots ) that originally meant compulsory labor. Then in 1927 Fritz Lang, in his movie Metropolis was the first to project a robot in the modern meaning. Nowadays the general understanding about robots, according to the Robot Institute of America as of 1979, a robot is perceived as "A reprogrammable, multifunctional manipulator designed to move material, parts, tools, or specialized devices through various programmed motions for the performance of a variety of tasks" . Simply put, according to Encyclopædia Britannica , a robot is any automatically operated machine that replaces human effort, though it may not resemble human beings in appearance or perform functions in a humanlike manner . Also, to fit the goal of this paper, a proper definition is needed from the text book that we are currently using, Artificial Intelligence, A Modern Approach, defines a Robot as an active, artificial agent whose environment is the physical world. The active part rules out rocks, the artificial part rules out animals and the physical part rules out pure software agents . In this paper I am going to discuss which are the main tasks that robots can performs and mainly what are robots made of.
Scientific progress makes huge milestones toward developing new advanced technologies which are more and more present in human lives. Today robots replace people in many spheres such as health care, security and military, industry, education, entertainment and science. Role of robots becomes more significant because they are able to do the job which people are not able to perform well. Sometimes people are too lazy to do some routine work, due to such situation those tasks could be delegated to machines. People’s life become more technology based what makes demand for efficient robots larger. Engineers say that today robots look like machines, but in near future robots will have more human appearance, today they do some simple job, but in near future much more complicated tasks would be trusted to them. History of robotics goes far to the history when the ancient Greeks describes first devices that people were projected to fly to the sky like birds. In fact, heart of any robot is some program that direct the device and control it actions. Robot cannot perform the tasks that was not programmed in it and this if the factor what makes it quite limited in its actions. Current studies in robotics are aimed to remove those disadvantages and make robots more functional and universal through development of artificial intelligence that can operate independently. Curiosity of world community to robotics increase every day what make all the research and inventions in robotics more demanded. History of robots, resent achievement and future perspectives of robotics have to be studies and researched to understand what machines can give to humanity and what pros and cons exist in the r...
When most people think of artificial intelligence they might think of a scene from I, Robot or from 2001: A Space Odyssey. They might think of robots that highly resemble humans start a revolution against humanity and suddenly, because of man’s creation, man is no longer the pinnacle of earth’s hierarchy of creatures. For this reason, it might scare people when I say that we already utilize artificial intelligence in every day society. While it might not be robots fighting to win their freedom to live, or a defense system that decides humanity is the greatest threat to the world, artificial intelligence already plays a big role in how business is conducted today.
Robots have already substituted for humans in the helping of completing duties which are repetitive and hazardous , which humans prefer not t do , or the ones which are unable to be completed due to various reasons such as limitations of size or unreachable locations such as the bottom of a sea or an ocean. But also there are a number of increasing concerns regarding the usage of robots in the society. The main reason being an increase of rising unemployment because they d replace the workforce in various functions. The usage of robots in military attack also has been raising ethical related concerns. The possibility of a potential robotic autonomy has been discussed in many fictional stories, but may grow up to become a realistic concern in the near future.
Artificial intelligence has been an intriguing topic of the 21st century. Over the past decade, artificial intelligence has been growing exponentially. There is no doubt that this growth has had and will continue to have a significant impact on society. The foundation of artificial intelligence comes from the theory of computer systems being able to perform tasks that normally require, human intelligence, such as visual perception, speech recognition, decision making, and translation between languages. Throughout the past decade, Artificial Intelligence has conquered many of these categories, and it continues to advance. In this paper, I will examine two disparities that arise on the discussion of Artificial Intelligence: the negative impact
My biggest concern is that we cannot trust these robots. We all know how technology works these days. Oh wait, it hardly works. There is always something going wrong with technology; you can never rely on it. You want to write a research paper? Well good luck, the internet is most likely bound to be down. Isn’t that what always seems to happen? You never know with technology. Why would people think robots would be any different?...
Artificial intelligence is the study of how to makes computers do things which, at the moment, people do better. This definition is vague because of its reference to the current state of computer science. Artificial intelligence is a combination of computer science, physiology and philosophy. AI is a broad topic including many different fields, from machine vision to expert systems. AI can be described as the attempt to build machines that think and act like humans, that are able to learn and to use their knowledge to solve problems on their own. The element that is common in the fields of AI is the creation of machines that can “think”. Artificial intelligence has come a long way form its early roots, driven by dedicated researches. AI really began to fascinate researches with the invention of the computers in 1943. The technology was finally available, or so it seemed to stimulate intelligent behavior. Over the next four decades, despite many stumbling blocks, AI has grown from a dozen researches, to thousands of engineers and specialists; and from programs capable of playing checkers, to system designed to diagnose disease.
Artificial Intelligence “is the ability of a human-made machine to emulate or simulate human methods for the deductive and inductive acquisition and application of knowledge and reason” (Bock, 182). The early years of artificial intelligence were seen through robots as they exemplified the advances and potential, while today AI has been integrated society through technology. The beginning of the thought of artificial intelligence happened concurrently with the rise of computers and the dotcom boom. For many, the utilization of computers in the world was the most advanced role they could ever see machines taking. However, life has drastically changed from the 1950s. This essay will explore the history of artificial intelligence, discuss the