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Factors that affect memory
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On average, when an individual loses something of important value, like an arm or a leg, he or she knows exactly what is missing in their lives, however, if one experiences loss of memory, something much greater than memory is at stake (Kiper, 2015, p. 42). Similarly, many young adults have had experience with memory loss in his or her life, however, these incidents are often times very minor especially when it comes to losing his/her car keys, jewelry, phone, and/or a purse. Unfortunately, for individuals 65 years or older who suffer from abnormal memory lapses, he or she does not have the luxury of living a normal life with minor forgetfulness like many young adults do (Mace & Rabins, 2012, p. 15). In addition, in the United States around 40% of elders over the age of 65 have some type of memory problem ("Memory Loss ," n.d.). Thus, while an …show more content…
On average, an estimation of around 40% of elders over the age of 65 experience some form of memory loss or issues within the span of a year ("Memory Loss," n.d.). On the other hand, many individuals may also not be aware that he or she has a memory disorder and/or may just believe that they are experiencing common memory loss due to old age. Therefore, how does one determine whether or not memory loss is normal vs. abnormal? According to John Hart, Jr., M.D., professor at the University of Texas and medical science director at the Center for BrainHealth, some important questions to consider are (1) does the lack of memory disrupt ones’ daily life? (2) how often does an individual’s lack of memory occur? (3) what is being forgotten? and lastly, (4) are there any signs of confusion? (as cited in "FDA Consumer Health Information," 2010). Thus, if one experiences such issues within the span of his or her day to day life one should consult a doctor about the possibility of having abnormal memory
Dementia patients must have the right to participate in all decisions concerning their care. Every person in this world has the same equal rights, no matter the situation. Doctors, caregivers, nurses, and even family members brush off the request of the person suffering from dementia each and every day. Most people call this carelessness while others call it freedom and in all reality, it is far from freedom. Luckily, there are many people who fight for the freedom everyone deserves. The majority of "Health professionals are usually keen to keep people with dementia at the center of decisions. Independent advocacy can support this by giving the extra time and skills needed to help people have a voice without the tensions of any other role"
Hamilton’s psychological perspective of aging seems to be norm for her age. Despite the fact she had two cerebral vascular accidents (strokes), her long-term and short-term memories seemed to be intact. Mrs. Hamilton appropriately answered questions and we reminisced the time when we met for the first time as well as the times we ran into each other at the Arcadia senior center’s educational lectures. Mrs. Hamilton stated she has been experiencing forgetfulness since the strokes and difficulty finding words (aphasia). However, she was able to remember where she wrote my contact number and called me numerous times after our meeting. Mrs. Hamilton was a bookkeeper for her husband’s business and always had outstanding knowledge about investment, finance and businesses aspect of discussion. This is reflective of the Crystallized intelligence which is the information and skills that people have learned through experiences. (Quadagno, 2013, pg.
Repressed vs. false memories has been a critical debate in criminal cases and daily life problems. Throughout the years many people has claimed to recover repressed memories with the simplest triggers varying from a gaze to hypnosis. However, a large number of repressed memories claimed are considered as false memories because the images were induced through hypnosis and recalled during a therapy sesion. In the film “divided memories” the main intention was to inform the audience the importance of repressed memories and how those memories can change the lives of the people involved, whether the memory was considered repressed or false. It shows different cases of women being victims of sexual abuse in childhood and how they had those memories repressed. Additionally, the film
Memory loss-forgetting information really easy,Trouble planning and problem solving, Daily tasks,Times and places are confusing,Changes in Vision,Words and conversations are frustrating.Memory loss means forgetting information really easy. Trouble planning and problem solving turns tricky to follow a recipe, even one you’ve used many times. Is it hard to concentrate on detailed tasks that involves numbers. Daily tasks are a challenge ,familiar things can become hard. You have trouble driving to a location you go to often. Times and places are confusing get disoriented, get lost easily and forget where you are ,and how you got there.Changes in Vision makes it harder to read the words on the page.You have trouble judging distance,and can’t tell colors
Memory plays a significant role in the everyday lives of people of all ages. It allows them to recall information and remember skills that were learned in the past. Memory also organizes past information to help people make current and future decisions. However, imagine forgetting the names of close family members or not having the ability to find your keys every time you want to leave the house. These are some of the struggles that people with Alzheimer’s disease face daily. Alzheimer’s disease was first identified by German neurologist Alois Alzheimer in 1906, and was discovered to have an overpowering effect on explicit memory loss (Gruetzner, 1988). There are two types of Alzheimer’s disease – early onset and late onset. Early onset occurs in patients who are diagnosed before the age of 65 whereas late onset occurs in patients who are diagnosed after the age of 65. In the early stages of Alzheimer’s disease, short-term memory is often lost. As Alzheimer’s disease progresses, problems with long-term memory begin to develop, in addition to short-term memory impairments. Although a lot is known about the symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease, the cause has not been conclusively identified. However, as research continues, new theories about the cause of Alzheimer’s disease are being proposed. This has led to a controversy over whether Alzheimer’s disease is caused by genetics or environmental influences (Gruetzner, 1988).
There are over 6,000 discovered genetic disorders that have been passed from generation to generation over the centuries. Most of these disorders do not have a cure and leave many people to suffer. Research has been done with different techniques over the years. In the 1960’s, a new concept called gene therapy was introduced. This technique has proven to be successful as well as unsuccessful in many cases and trials, but as technology is increasing, it gives a new possibility for a cure for genetically inherited diseases such as Alzheimer’s Disease.
Recovered memories of childhood trauma and abuse has become one of the most controversial issues within the field of psychology. Controversy surrounding repressed memory - sometimes referred to as the memory wars – reached its’ peak in the early 1990s, where there was a rise in the number of people reporting memories of childhood trauma and abuse that had allegedly been repressed for many years (Lindsay & Read, 2001). There are a number of different factors that have contributed to the dispute surrounding recovered memories. Firstly, there is an ongoing debate about whether these types of memories actually exist or whether these accusations arose as a result of suggestive therapeutic procedures. In particular, this debate focuses on two main
The process of memorization starts at birth with the development of cells and extends throughout the lifetime through the effects of life experiences and stimulants. Like the rest of the body, the brain is made up of cells. These brain cells are different, more specialized cells. (Sprenger 1). Two major brain cells are the neurons- the nerve cells- and the glial cells which work as the ‘glue’ of the neurons. At birth, the brain contains approximately 100 billion neurons. Although that number remains constant over time, these cells can lose their function if not exercised properly in a process called “neutral pruning”. Learning is defined as “two neurons communicating with each other”. A neuron has learned when it has made a connection with another neuron (Sprenger 2).
(http://www.helpguide.org/elder/alzheimers_dementias_types.htm) As people get older, it’s not all that uncommon to experience some changes in memory such as memory loss. However, there is a big difference in having normal changes in memory and having symptoms of Dementia. Typical aging changes in memory include things like not being able to find the right word when having a conversation and complaining about memory loss but still being able to give detailed examples of things that are being forgotten. A few more signs of typical aging are stopping to remember directions but not getting lost in a familiar place, being able to remember recent events that are important and the conversation isn’t affected, and having the same level of interpersonal social skills that have always been present. On the other hand, there are more extreme cases of memory loss that are symptoms of Dementia. These include things like complaining about memory loss only when asked about it and not remem...
The horrible feeling of forgetting a coworker’s or an acquaintance’s name may be one of the most frustrating things a person can experience. This is a fact that many patients diagnosed with Alzheimer’s face on a reoccurring basis. Loss of memory is a common part of the aging process and is sometimes referred to as dementia. Alzheimer’s is the most common form of dementia and is not reversible in this day and age. In fact, 60 to 80 percent of dementia cases are Alzheimer’s and in 2015 more than 5.1 million cases age 65 or older were reported (Alzheimer’s Association, 2016). The most startling statistic is that by 2050, 14 million Americans and 81 million worldwide cases are expected (Wierenga & Bondi, 2011). While dementia is a part of Alzheimer’s it also affects an afflicted patient ability to perform day to day tasks, increased mood swings, and in the later stages, the ability to even walk or care for themselves. This horrible disease
Subjects from group B and C on the other hand only managed to score a 5-8 score in the test as, there were many commissions as well as omissions.
To understand the concept of recovered memories and their validity, we must first understand to an extent how memory works. The Medial Temporal Lobe is the name we give to structures in our brain necessary for memory, this mainly includes the hippocampus, however the amygdala and the frontal lobe also play important roles. The hippocampus is where our long-term memories are stored in the brain, with age this becomes more dysfunctional. The amygdala and frontal lobe both work to encode our memories into our brain, however the frontal lobe also maintains agendas, refreshes and rehearses information, aids in resisting distraction, and directs our attention to certain features (2). When we think of our memory we like to think we remember everything
STEEMAN, E., DE CASTERLÉ, B. D., GODDERIS, J. & GRYPDONCK, M. 2006. Living with early-stage dementia: a review of qualitative studies. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 54, 722-738.
The mistaken recollection of information or the recollection of an event that never happened is known as a false memory (Rajagopal & Montgomery, 2011). The study of false memories has been of interest to cognitive psychologists (Otagaar, Smeets & Scoboria, 2013) for many years as it implies that human memory is vulnerable to the influence of external information, it also implies that our ability to recall events may not always be accurate. One major issue that has arisen with the research on false memories is the argued validity of eyewitness testimony (Wade, Green & Nash, 2011). Eyewitness testimony is the verified report made by someone who witnessed a crime (Wade et.al., 2011). False memories can interfere with the correct recollection of criminal offences which can potentially result in inaccurate accusations of a crime (Wade et.al., 2011). Researchers have been interested in studying false memories to develop a better understanding of how false memories work, and to what extent our memories can be assumed accurate (Jou & Flores, 2013).
The recognition accuracy for old events was calculated as the proportion of performed and imagined events that were correctly recognized as old, regardless of whether they were correctly attributed to having been performed or imagined. (Kelley, 2009). Even with a 1-week delay, the percentage of performed actions or imagined performing in phase 1 that were correctly remembered as old was relatively high 91.1%, and overall false alarm rates were relatively low at 4.7%. (Kelley, 2009). However people remembered that an event happened does not mean they correctly remembered how it happened. (Kelley, 2009). Source accuracy was somewhat impaired, though well above chance with the average performance of 88.8% and did not differ significantly between performed actions (M=88.7%) and imagined actions (M=89.0%). (Kelley, 2009).