Ap World History Dbq

c. 8000 B.C.E. was the beginnings of agriculture also known as the Neolithic or Agricultural Revolution. Agricultural Revolution transformed human life across the planet. This event demonstrates KC 1.2: I.A because this led to cultivation of plants and domestication of animals that caused creating abundant amount of food supplies. It illustrates the interaction between human and environment, development of technology, settling patterns, and how natural resources gave some lands advantages over others. Agriculture developed independently at different times in different regions. Historians believe that the Agricultural Revolution might have originated from Middle East (ME), although they are not fully sure.

c.3000 B.C.E. was the beginnings of Bronze Age- early civilizations. Bronze Age starts at different areas in different time periods. It was first found in near Middle East. Historians do not know where or how bronze was first discovered. This event demonstrates KC 1.1: I.B because during this period materials were developed among Europe (E), East Asia (EAa), and Middle East (ME). It illustrates material wealth, creation, expansion and interaction of economic system.

1300 B.C.E.

was the period marked by the use of Iron. Iron Age follows immediately after the Bronze Age. The use of iron made the military stronger and powerful. Thus, it demonstrates KC 1.3: II.D because they developed weapons and tools that transformed warfare but also changes in agricultural practices, religious beliefs and artistic styles in society. It illustrates development and interaction of cultures, science & technology, writings, and languages that were used in the Iron Age, preceded by the Bronze Age. The Bronze has developed earliest alphabets such as the Cuneiform and the Hieroglyphic script, followed by the Iron Age, the Vedas were written. Iron Age has begun near East, ancient Iran, ancient India, and ancient Greece.

(ME)
6th C B.C.E. was the beginnings of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Daoism. China has believed in many different religions since the ancient times. Although many different religions were brought to different dynasties in China, not many were known till today. It demonstrates KC 1.3 : III.E because Buddhism was brought into China (EAa) from India (SEAa) approximately 2000 years ago but yet Chinese still practices and celebrates the religion. Confucianism is not a religion, it is a philosophy, which was developed from Confucius’ thoughts and later it was treated as the common beliefs to educate people in China. Confucianism has worldwide influence such as United States, United Kingdom, and etc. Taoism originated from the Warring period and then brought into Eastern part of Han Dynasty. Taoism has influenced on traditional medicine and literature, which is still used in today’s society. It illustrates development and interaction of cultures, religions/beliefs/ideologies, language, and education that are still used in China. The religions have affected the culture deeply and influenced worldwide!
5th C B.C.E was the Greek Golden Age. Greeks used philosophy to have a better understanding of the universe. And late they developed Atomic Theory, stating that everything is made of tiny matter called atoms. Through Plato, Socrates’ writings were learned by the next generations. This time period can be illustrated by KC 1.3: III.C, demonstrating today’s political structure, development, and interaction of cultures placed in Europe (E).
403-221 B.C.E. was the Era of Warring States. Zhou Dynasty was divided into different states and the kings from each state either wanted more power or retain their power. The period demonstrates K.C 1.3 II. B because advances in military technologies and larger states had more advantages than others resulting to undertake territorial expansions and conquer surrounding states. It illustrates conflict/war, state-building, and expansion because the Zhou Dynasty was divided between eight states, and these states had frequent wars in East Asia (EAa)
323 B.C.E was when the Alexander the Great dies. Alexander’s successors competed for his throne. After many battles, the empire was divided into three main kingdoms. The war lasted until 281 B.C.E and resulted in the establishment of three main kingdoms that stretched from Europe (E), Middle East (ME), and to South Asia (SAa), which illustrates K.C 2.2: II. B because originally there were five kingdoms but the kingdoms with more advanced technology and power took over the other kingdoms, demonstrating conflict, leadership, and organization.
221B.C.E. was when the Qin Dynasty unified China. Qin Shi Huang believed in the “Legalist” philosophy. Qin used violence to take over China persecuting Confucianists, murdered scholars, and burned books. Qin unifying demonstrates K.C 2.2:II.A because he had introduced new currency, unifying system of weights and measures, and writing. It illustrates government, leadership, and legal system because, although Qin can be defined as a brutal tyrant, he was a great leader. In 221 BC, Qin army conquered rival states and expanded China's territory. (EA)
184 B.C.E was the Fall of Mauryan Dynasty. Some main causes of the downfall of Mauryan Dynasty are the weak successors of Ashoka. Ashoka’s sons and grandsons did not put any effort to improve the empire nor showed any responsibility of the empire. This demonstrates government and leadership because the lack of authority and power in successors caused the empire to decline. Another main reason that led to decline of Mauryan Dynasty is the vastness of the empire. The vastness of the region caused to decrease in communication. The great distance made empire impossible to stay closely integrated. This event took place in South Asia (SAa) which is illustrated by K.C 2.2: I.C.
32 C.E. was the beginnings of Christianity. Christianity was made based on Judaism, however Jewish people did not believe that Jesus was the Messiah. The religion was spread through monks, preachers, and missionaries from Middle East (ME). Beginnings of Christianity illustrate the K.C 2.1:II. D because Christianity has spread through Jewish people and eventually gained Roman imperial support. This event demonstrates development and interaction of cultures, religions and belief.
180 C.E was the end of Pax Romana. During Pax Romana, Roman Empire really flourished. Empire had great governing system. When Augustus Caesar took power, he created bureaucracy. Augustus Caesar hired citizens to carry the work of enforcing laws and government programs. The extensive system of laws controlled how individuals were treated and the state. The emperors built hundreds of public works, including roads, bridges, and monuments. Romans spoke Latin and became the basis for all the Romance languages, such as Spanish, French, Italian, and Portuguese. This represents science & technology, art & architecture, and language. But Pax Romana did not last forever. Rome had gotten so big that it was difficult to for one person to govern. The fall of Pax Romana illustrates K.C 2.2: IV.B because external problems occurred such as invasion from Germanic tribes from northern Europe was starting to attack the northern boundary of the Roman Empire. The Pax Romana has ended when Marcus Aurelius died, in 180 C.E. This demonstrates
220 C.E. was the End of Han Dynasty. The wealthy landowners bypassed paying their taxes, thus decreasing state revenues and increasing the tax burden for the remaining peasants. This illustrates K.C 2.2: IV.B because toward the end of the second century C.E., group of peasants began to join together along the Yellow River and revolt by the Taoist Secret Society known as the Yellow Turbans. This demonstrates revolts and conflict because the uprising caused devastation to the economy, weakened the state, and contributed to overthrow of the dynasty in China. (EAa)
312 C.E. was when the emperor Constantine converted to Christianity. Before roman emperor Constantine, romans felt that Christianity was threntening their official religion. But as time went on Christian movement became more popular and gained many followers throughout Roman Empire. This event illustrates K.C. 2.1:II.D because after Constantine embraced Christianity it gained Roman imperial support. It demonstrates development and interaction of cultures, racial & ethnic constructs because this is how it became official state religion of the Roman Empire. This helped bringing people together and was established as central set of beliefs in Europe (E).
During 333 C.E. Roman capital moved to Constantinople. The purpose of the movement was to protect Rome from the Barbarian attacks from the Germanic Tribes. Constantinople was easier to protect than Rome. This event represents K.C 2.2: III.A because Constantinople was located at crossroads which demonstrates creation, expansion, interaction of economic systems and distribution between Europe (E) and Asia.
4th Century was the beginnings of Trans-Saharan Trade, placed in North Africa (NAf). Trans-Saharan trade is demonstrated by K.C 2.3: I.B because the trade routes connect the cities in the coastal side in North Africa and Sahara Desert. Thus, the event is best illustrated by distribution, and also influenced the development and cultures such bringing camels and Islam in the region, which are distributed through trading.
476 C.E. was when Fall of Rome took place. The last Roman emperor, Romulus Augustus, surrendered to a Germanic leader named Odoacer, and roman rule officially came to an end. This illustrates K.C 2.2: IV.B because as Roman Empire became less stable, threats of invasions from Germanic Tribes came in. This can be seen as government, leadership, and nations because eventually the Roman Empire lost its power and centralized government no longer existed when it was replaced by Odoacer, the leader of Germanic tribe from Europe (E).
527 C.E. was when Justinian ruled of Byzantine Empire. Under Justinian, the empire gained territory and wealth. One of the major reforms Justinian established had to do with law, which illustrates K.C 2.2: II.A because he improved Roman law by establishing Codex. Justinian gathered and organized 400 years of Roman law and Byzantine law which is characterized by the Nika revolt resulting to neatly end his authority because the people in Middle East did not approve of his reforms.
550 C.E was the Fall of Gupta Empire in South Asia (SAa). The main reason that caused the decline of Gupta Empire was constant invasions from the White Huns from the northwestern border. Although Skandagupta had great military power and success, the constant invasions have declined its resources of the empire, which is illustrated by K.C 2.2: IV.B. The decline occurred due to conflicts and weak leadership. The empire has declined over time and became weak and inefficient.