As research continues to change from emphasizing treatment to focusing on early identification and prevention, one important disorder to examine is Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD). Early identification and prevention of Antisocial Personality Disorder has implications in improving our criminal justice system as 70% of those in jail experience ASPD. However, the early identification of individuals with ASPD is difficult as most of the diagnostic criteria depends on the individual engaging in nefarious activity. In examining the functional and anatomical differences present in those with ASPD, it became clear that many of these differences could impair scholastic performance, specifically difficulties with cognitive control, attention, …show more content…
More specifically, individuals must meet four diagnostic criteria; A, B, C, and D, established by the DSM-5 in order to receive the diagnosis. Criteria A, is a disregard for and violation of other’s rights since the age of 15, as indicated by one of the following: failure to obey laws and norms by engaging in behavior which results in criminal arrest or would warrant criminal arrest; lying, deception, and manipulation, for profit or self-amusement; impulsive behavior; irritability and aggression manifested as frequently assaulting others or engaging in fighting; blatantly disregarding safety of self and others; a pattern of irresponsibility; and a lack of remorse for actions. Additionally, criterion B states the individual has to be at least 18. Furthermore, Criterion C states they must have a history of Conduct Disorder before the age of 15. Finally, criteria D prohibits a diagnosis if the individual’s behavior is the result of Schizophrenia or Bipolar Disorder (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). As conduct disorder is the precursor to ASPD, it should come as no surprise that the diagnostic criteria are similar. Specifically, a diagnosis of Conduct Disorder is given to individuals who display at least three traits from any of the following four categories: aggression to people and animals, destruction of property, deceitfulness or theft, or serious violation of rules. The diagnostic criteria for both Antisocial Personality Disorder and Conduct Disorder depend on the individual acting antisocially and thus have little utility in early
...ibit signs of struggles with social functioning (family and friendship problems often related to mistrust from the sufferer), criminal behavior (as there is a disrespect for social norms that relate to laws that need to be followed by all members of society), desires for harmful and impulsive behavior, and a lack of kindness or compassion. One of the top identifying aspects of ASPD is a lack of remorse when an individual steals from, hurts, mistreats, or kills another. Someone can only be diagnosed with ASPD if he or she meets the following criteria; he or she is at least 18 years of age and have shown significant impairment with normal functioning and home, school, and work. However, it wasn’t until 1980 that ASPD finally became a recognized mental disorder that contained a list of sympotms focused on observations that were agreed upon amoung various psychiatrists.
The main feature of Conduct Disorder, Criteria A, is a repeated and constant way of behaving that violates the rights of other people, or there are major age-appropriate violations of the norms of society, and three or more occurrences within the last twelve months, and one occurrence within the last six months (American Psychiatric Association, 2008). Jason meets Criteria A10, 11, and 12, Deceitfulness or Theft, because he burglarized a house across the street from where he was living, convinced his co-foster brother, Walt, to help him in the burglary, and stole his foster mom’s ATM card and withdrew $500 dollars. Jason meets Criteria A13, 14, and 15 for serious violations of rules...
Despite the controversy circled with psychopathy within the courts, the diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder, or psychopathy is never successful. Instead it serves as a determining factor for the prison sentence since psychopathic offenders are more likely to offend again and not be deterred (Siegel &
Every few years there are disturbing, yet fascinating headlines: “BTK killer: Hiding in plain sight” or “Police discover at least 10 victims at Anthony Sowell's home”; but what would allow an individual to commit the crimes they did? In cases like these there is usually a common link: Antisocial Personality disorder. It is an unknown disorder to most of the population which is why there are so many questions to be answered, the main ones being what is antisocial personality disorder and how does it effect patient and society as a whole? To answer these questions one needs an accurate background picture of the disorder.
Raine, A., Lencz, T., Bihrle, S., LaCasse, L., & Colletti, P. (2000). Reduced prefrontal gray matter volume and reduced autonomic activity in antisocial personality disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 57, 119-127.
A good looking man in an expensive suite walks past a woman on the subway whistling a catchy tune. Many thoughts begin to run through her head, “He’s an important business man on his way to his next meeting.” Or “He’s a father on the way home from work.” As he stops she watches him read a news paper thinking how attractive and self composed he is. In the back of her head she’s wishing that he would speak to her. As she sits and hopes it seems that her wish is going to be answered. The young, attractive gentleman gets up and strides over taking the seat next to her. He introduces himself as Mr. Cromer and engages her in a charming conversation, sweeping her off her feet. In her head everything is going great, she has met the perfect man, all the while she hasn’t noticed that he has lead her to the door of a warehouse. By the time she realizes where she is it is too late, he has her now. As she begins to scream he shoves her in the building ending all hope. Mr. Cromer actually suffers from a severe case of antisocial personality disorder and has developed a bad habit of abducting, raping and killing women followed by an ostentatious dinner often buying dinks and food for others in the restaurant or bar to which he leaves without every paying. Those who suffer from personality disorders will not necessarily all become killers or rapists but most do participate in illegal activity of some sort. Antisocial personality disorder, also known as sociopathy or psychopathy, is often described as the person lacking any and all morals; they have no conscience. Often these individuals have difficulty or inability to feel empathy for others and as a result they do as they please, not conforming to social norms like the majority of the population...
According to the DSM-IV, if a child's problem behaviors do not meet the criteria for Conduct Disorder, but involve a pattern of defiant, angry, antagonistic, hostile, irritable, or vindictive behavior, Oppositional Defiant Disorder may be diagnosed. These children may blame others for their problems.
Anti Social Personality Disorder is also known as ASPD. “About 2.5 to 3.5 percent of people have ASPD. This condition is much more common in men than in women.” (Lees McRae College) Everyone has their own personality and not one person is exactly the same. “People with anti social personality disorder are also called sociopaths.” (Leedom) Different causes are particular to look for when diagnosing this disorder. Though rare, it is important to understand the disorder as well as its symptoms, treatment and strategies. “Lifetime prevalence for ASPD is reported to range from 2% to 4% in men and from 0.5% to 1% in women. Rates of natural and unnatural death (suicide, homicide, and accidents) are excessive.” (Black, 2015)
Conduct Disorder has been a part of the American Psychological Association’s Diagnostic Statistical Manuel (DSM) since its original release date in 1994. Although, there is new information about the disorder that was previously unknown, Conduct Disorder is distinguished by a “repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior in which the basic rights of others or major age-appropriate norms or rules are violated” (American Psychiatric Association, 1994.) This mild, moderate, or severe antisocial behavior begins to appear either in childhood, categorized as early-onset conduct disorder , or in adolescence after ten years of age, classified as adolescent-onset conduct disorder (Passamonti et al., 2010.) The criteria to meet to be diagnosed with this disorder are separated into four subgroups: aggressive conduct, nonaggressive conduct, deceitfulness or theft, and serious violations of the rules. Three or more incidents must be present in the past twelve months with at least one of the characteristics being present in the past six months. This disorder causes severe impairment of functioning across a variety of situations so it is important to keep in mind society and individual situations because this diagnosis may be “misapplied to individuals in settings where patterns of undesirable behavior are sometimes viewed as protective” (American Psychiatric Association, 1994.) For example, a patient that has recently relocated from a war torn country would most likely not be a candidate for Conduct disorder even though he or she may exhibit some of the characteristics.
Riser, R. E., & Kosson, D. S. (2013). Criminal behavior and cognitive processing in male offenders with antisocial personality disorder with and without comorbid psychopathy. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 4(4), 332-340. doi:10.1037/a0033303
Anti-Social Personality Disorder is a classified personality disorder in which a person, sometimes referred to as a “psychopath”, has a lack of empathy, an increased chance of acting violently towards others, and a complete disregard for authority and punishment. Prevalent features and symptoms include: shallow emotions, irresponsibility, mistrust of others, reckless thrill-seeking, disrespect for the law, prone to lash out with physical violence, harmful impulsiveness, arrogance, manipulative, greedy, lack of kindness or compassion, disrespect for others, and dishonesty (Psychology Today, n.d.). A main factor of this disorder is the inability to process, interpret, and display emotion, even fear. An example is that most criminals with this disorder respond drastically different to their sentencing than normal. They seem relaxed and unable to process it on an emotional level. They are also fully aware of what they are doing, and have no sense of distorted reality, or remorse which classifies them as sane people. They also have neurotransmitter deficiencies in the brain, such as reduced serotonin and dopamine (Freedman & Verdun-Jones, 2010). The overall population of people having this disorder is a small amount, about 3% and higher in prisons and abuse clinics which is around 70%. Also, because of their constant involvement in violence, most people diagnosed with this disorder die by violent means such as suicide and homicide (Internet Mental Health, n.d.).
“Antisocial personality disorder is characterized by a long-standing pattern of a disregard for other people’s rights, often crossing the line and violating those rights. It usually begins in childhood or as a teen and continues into their adult lives.” (Staff & Grohol, 2014) Individuals with antisocial personality often display deviant behavior throughout their life and are often classified as different outcast groups in the society such as sociopaths and psychopaths. People with this disorder tend to social predators who befriend individuals and overtime gain their trust and loyalty then cause pain and suffering to these individual’s lives without feeling any form of remorse.
Individuals who are diagnosed with conduct disorder have repeatedly shown behaviors that are considered aggressive. Further, these behaviors disregard the rights of other persons or they oppose what society has deemed as appropriate behavior for that particular age. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) has put these problem behaviors into four categories; aggression towards people or animals, destruction of property, deceitfulness or theft, and serious rule violations. Aggression towards people or animals can include bullying or threatening others, or physically harming animals such as abusing them. Purposely setting someone’s house on fire is an example of destruction of property while lying to others to get what one wants is an illustration of deceitfulness or theft. The last area of performance would constitute as the teenager staying out past curfew, regardless of what their parent says or being constantly absent from school (Mash & Wolfe, 2013).
Geary then describes the Njoya’s addiction and appreciation for photography in the fourth chapter. In one instance, he was credited as the photographer for some photographs. However, she did mention it was puzzling from a technical point of view. Wondering if it could be on a timer or did one of the servants provided help to king. How also there was an incident when Njoya wanted an acquaintance named Wurhmann from Germany to photograph Queen Mother Njapndunke burial, however, his advisors would not allow because they believe it would bring sadness for years to come. Then near the end of the article, Geary talks about all the accomplishments the photographs were able to portray showing the reforms and advancements in Bamum. There were three
S.B. was brutally beaten up by the Wardens of the jail. The case history reveals that S.B. was jailed twice before for cheating and for assaulting one of his friends. This time, S.B. was jailed for fighting with a police constable. During interrogation, S.B admitted that he had beaten the other inmate who refused to pay money. S.B wanted to show his power and there was no regret for his actions.