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Advantages and Disadvantages of the Various Types of Vaccines
Essay about the types of vaccines in detail
Essay about the types of vaccines in detail
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There are many different vaccinations that can be administered for different reasons. There are vaccinations to treat and prevent diseases. There are also different areas that vaccines can be administered. For example, they can be in the form of a pill that will be administered with a balling gun. Some vaccines can also be administered in the form of a shot. Usually, the label will tell you where to give the vaccine. I will do my report on Anthrax Spore Vaccine, Vibrovax, doxycycline, and Covexin 10. Covexin 10 is a vaccine for clostridial 10 diseases. This is why Covexin 10 is a very popular vaccine for farmers with livestock. Examples of Clostridial diseases are: Tetanus, Blackleg, Malignant oedema, Black disease, Bacillary Haemoglobinuria, …show more content…
The disease is very common in Australia. It causes infertility and sporadic abortion in cattle breeding areas. Ranchers often vaccine their cattle with Vibrovax to protect them against Vibriosis. It prevents infertility and abortion in cattle that is caused by Vibriosis.
Vibriovax can be administered to bulls and cows. If a heifer is less than 18 months old, the recommended dosage is 5mL. The second vaccination should take place about four weeks after the first. The heifer can begin mating four-six weeks later. Bulls on the other hand also require a 5 mL dose the first time. Then another dose at least four weeks after the first dose. Then be vaccinated with it once a year. Vaccinations in bulls is more important than vaccinating in the heifers.
Anthrax is a very contagious, soil-borne disease. It is caused by Bacillus anthracis. Anthrax is a disease that is very common in herbivores which is why cattle and bison are so susceptible to it. Anthrax infections are very rare in humans. Anthrax is susceptible to most antibiotics, so treatment of animals at early signs of the disease should be effective. Treatment with antibiotics, such as Anthrax Spore Vaccine will counteract the vaccine, so should not be administered to animals who have been recently
tularensis could be used as a vaccine. The bacteria would be injected in the relatively colder areas of the body and would never spread to the hotter parts (spleen, liver, etc.). The bacteria replicated only in the rats’ tails, or the site of injection. This way the body could still build up immunities. Three weeks after the initial injection of the altered F. novicida with a marine microbe (Colwellia psychrerythraea), the rats were immune to a lethal dose of unchanged F. novicida. This experiment is hopeful that it may be used the same way with its cousin, F. tularensis, which as stated earlier, is a dangerous, biochemical
...and the administration of GnRH. Although at the present point time the administration of these treatments, is not economically sustainable due to added time and cost factors it has been seen through long term studies that the use of these vaccines in the regulation of the reproductive cycles, of mares and stallions can provide a more sustainable and ethical method of control that reduces overall population of brumbies and herd sizes.
The 2001 anthrax attacks was one of the worst bio-weapon attacks on the US in history. The attacks where done through the mail. The anthrax was placed in envelopes with a letter and mailed from various locations to different people and organizations. The anthrax filled letters ended up killing 5 people, causing 17 to become sick and exposing anthrax it is believed to as many as 30,000 people. During the mail process spores of anthrax from the letters escaped and got on mailroom equipment exposing postal employees. If a person was exposed to enough anthrax and developed symptoms they typically died in a few days. Postal workers during the attacks where told that anthrax will appear as a white powder t...
Anthrax is one of the most preferred biological warfare agents for many highly identified reasons. First, anthrax is extremely lethal. Anthrax can contain up to 100 million lethal doses in just one gram of anthrax spores, which is 100,000 times more lethal than any other biological warfare agent. It is also known that inhalation anthrax is almost always fatal if the symptoms are allowed to progress without any treatment. Anthrax is also the silent and invisible killer. On top of the fatality rate of anthrax, there are also very low barriers to produce the biological weapon. Anthrax spores are very easy to produce in large quantities, and the process of production is very inexpensive. Also, there is plenty of available information on how to weaponize anthrax and not a whole lot of technology is needed to be able to produce anthrax. Anthrax is also easy to weaponize because it is extremely stable as a dry powder in the form of spores. These spores can live for decades and still be very lethal to the human body. Anthrax can be put into an aerosol form disseminated into a spray can, and it can also be freeze-dried into a bomb. Presently anthrax is the most preferred biological agent is because we have no accurate detection capability.
Vaccine safety is one of the most controversial topics in today’s public discourse. Everyone has heard of them, but few know why they are so encouraged. A vaccine contains a weak or dead version of a microbe. This creates a small scale invasion of the immune system, which activates cells to destroy the microbe. Once these cells have been made they are always there to provide protection. This protection is immunity, for those cells are then able to recognize any live version of the same microbe and attack it immediately. This can save lives but also be dangerous, vaccines carry many other components which can cause side effects. These could be simple adverse effects such as a small cold or, in the rare case,
(Jane C Finlay, Noni E MacDonald, 2001). Working with Vaccine -hesitant parents. Canadian Paediatric Society. Retrieved May 3, 2013, from http://www.cps.ca
Bacillus anthracis or anthrax is bacteria that infect thousands of people a year worldwide. Mostly found in the hinds and hair of grazing animals like cattle and sheep, the bacteria can stay dormant for years until contacted. Contact can occur through broken skin, eating infected meat, or inhaling infected dust from hides through the mouth or nostrils. Normal contact through the skin begins forming malignant skin ulcers that are dark black in appearance. If left untreated, the blisters lead to blood poisoning and eventually death. Eating contaminated meat not fully cooked can cause intestinal infection also leading to death. Surprisingly, many people survive contact of the skin and very few cases of intestinal infection exist. However, inhalation of infected dust or spores are much more deadly because the symptoms resemble a common cold...
Vaccines have been around for hundreds of years starting in 1796 when Edward Jenner created the first smallpox vaccine. Jenner, an English country doctor noticed cowpox, which were blisters forming on the female cow utters. Jenner then took fluid from the cow blister and scratched it into an eight-year-old boy. A single blister came up were the boy had been scratched but it quickly recovered. After this experiment, Jenner injected the boy with smallpox matter. No disease arose, the vaccine was a success. Doctors all around Europe soon began to proceed in Jenner’s method. Seven different vaccines came from the single experimental smallpox vaccine. Now the questions were on the horizon. Should everyone be getting vaccinations? Where’s the safety limit? How can they be improved? These questions needed answers, and with a couple hundred years later with all the technology, we would have them(ncbi.nlm.nih.gov).
Every year there are millions of children, teens, and adults who receive vaccinations. Vaccines date back in history as early as 1000 A.D. The Chinese experimented with vaccinations such as cowpox, similar to smallpox, which were eventually eliminated. There are a variety of different ingredients in vaccines. A large number of the public do not want to vaccinate themselves or their children because they are not aware of what is all in the vaccine they are receiving. Parents fear getting vaccinated will make them or their children sick, and it could leave them or their children with permanent disorders. Vaccines are put through various tests and experiments to assure they are safe before being administered to the public. There are some studies that show autism could be linked to vaccines. Multiple vaccines require more than one dose, and some vaccines require one to receive a booster as children are aging. There are some shots which have adverse side effects that come with
Childhood vaccines protect children from a variety of serious or possibly fatal diseases, including diphtheria, measles, meningitis, polio, tetanus, and whooping cough (Clinic Staff). By vaccinating children against diseases it helps children grow into strong healthy adults. Today, children in the United States continuously get vaccines that protect them from more than a dozen diseases (Childhood Immunization). Also, childhood vaccines help children stay healthy from others who they may come in contact with who have a disease. Children need vaccines as they grow up to keep them stay healthy. Children have to get certain vaccines before they may attend school (Childhood Immunization).
Anthrax can be treated in two ways through antibiotics and vaccines. If caught in the early stages antibiotics are useful in killing the B. anthracis as it tries to reproduce in both humans and animals. The second method of treatment is useful only when the individual receives treatment prior to being infected with Anthrax. Before an individual is infected with anthrax they can receive a vaccine that is very useful in combating the bacterium. Vaccines are currently licensed for limited use. People who are considered eligible for the vaccine are members of the military, veterinarians, laboratory workers, livestock handlers, and abattoir (slaughterhouse) workers.
Understanding the difference between vaccine, vaccination and immunization may be difficult. Even though these words are associated with each other, they have different meanings. According the article basics, a vaccine produces immunity from a disease and can be administered through needle injection, orally, or aerosol. Vaccination is the injection of a killed or weakened organism that produces immunity in the body against the organism. Immunization is the process that produces immunity in the body against that organism. Vaccinations reduce the risk of Polio, Smallpox and Scarlet Fever by operating with the body’s natural defenses to develop immunities to these diseases. Depending on if a parent desires protection from disease or is concerned
Production from an autumn calving herd of Limousin x Friesian cows that were mated to Charolais bulls.
Immunisation or vaccination is a very effective and safe form of medicine used to prevent severe diseases occurring from viruses and other infectious organisms and increase the amount of protective antibodies. It is given by drops in the mouth or injecting a person with a dead or modified disease-causing agent, in order for the person to become immune to that disease.
It is estimated that over one-half of the antibiotics in the U.S. are used in food animal production. The overuse of antimicrobials in food animal production is an under-appreciated problem. In both human and veterinary medicine, the risk of developing resistance rises each time bacteria are exposed to antimicrobials. Resistance opens the door to treatment failure for even the most common pathogens and leads to an increasing number of infections. The mounting evidence of the relationship between antimicrobial use in animal husbandry and the increase in bacterial resistance in humans has prompted several reviews of agricultural practices by scientific authorities in a number of countries, including the US.