Annotated Bibliography
Exec. Order No. D,2009-17, 3 C.F.R. (2009).
In President Barack Obama’s speech of 2009, he issued an executive order which lifted the ban on federal funding for embryonic stem cell research, placed by the President George W. Bush. Obama addresses important factors of why he removed the ban such as keeping innovative scientists in the country and the many future promises the research holds. The president is biased towards the future of using embryonic stem cells in his speech― he strongly supports them and strives to improve research opportunities. However, President Obama does acknowledge the downside effects that this research can bring such as the risk of human cloning and addresses how it will be prevented. This speech
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Adams, an expert science writer, wrote an article about manipulating the human genome through embryonic stem cells. In the article an important aspect mentioned is the research the Chinese have successfully accomplished. Chinese scientists have developed a method called, CRISPR, which allows to edit the genes using a, “finding/replacing” method, similar to the one in a word processor. CRISPR has brought up many ethical concerns to scientists bringing endeavors for the FDA and NIH to allow embryonic research. Adams insures to address both pros and cons, background information, and the current situation of embryonic stem cell research all essential in aiding to give readers of the research paper background …show more content…
The article“Stem Cells Might Heal Damaged Lungs” builds a broad scientific argument on how stem cells, derived from embryos, can cure many of the diseases of the airways, the second leading cause of death in the United States. For evidence, the magazine uses statistics from the discoveries of the researchers at Weizmann Institute of Science. In spite of the concrete scientific evidence, the article does not provide an author. Fundamentals that this article helps provide in the research paper are credible statistical evidence as well as provides a chronology of how the embryonic cells will be used to heal airway diseases.
By the Numbers: Stem Cell Research. (2013, June 10). Stem Cell Research. Retrieved from http://icof.infobaselearning.com.ez1.maricopa.edu/support-materials/by-the-numbers/s/by-the-numbers-stem-cell-research.aspx?sr=1 From this source, only statistics are provided on how much the United States has spent on funding human embryonic research. The total amount of money spend in 2004 for twenty stem lines
Embryonic stem cells research has challenged the moral ethics within human beings simply because the point at which one is considered a “human,” is still under debate and practically incapable to make a decision upon.
One of the most heated political battles in the United States in recent years has been over the morality of embryonic stem cell research. The embryonic stem cell debate has polarized the country into those who argue that such research holds promises of ending a great deal of human suffering and others who condemn such research as involving the abortion of a potential human life. If any answer to the ethical debate surrounding this particular aspect of stem cell research exists, it is a hazy one at best. The question facing many scientists and policymakers involved in embryonic stem cell research is, which is more valuable – the life of a human suffering from a potentially fatal illness or injury, or the life of human at one week of development? While many argue that embryonic stem cell research holds the potential of developing cures for a number of illnesses that affect many individuals, such research is performed at the cost of destroying a life and should therefore not be pursued.
Abstract: Religion has played a key part in the battle for embryonic rights. Pope John Paul II has spoken out against stem cell research; however, Buddhist leaders and the Episcopal Church have taken a stand for stem cell research. Different religions have different opinions about stem cell research. However the controversy can never really be solved because it is so hard to define the line of morality when talking about stem cells and embryos.
Siegel, A. (2008). Ethics of Stem Cell Research. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Edward N. Zalta (ed.), Retrieved from http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2008/entries/stem-cells/.
In order to understand the arguments for and against genetic enhancement, one must first understand what it entails. In 19...
Brooks, Jamie D., King, Meredith L., (2008). Geneticizing Disease. Implications for Racial Health Disparities. Center for American Progress. Progressive Ideas for a Strong, Just, and Free America. Retrieved from https://www.geneticsandsociety.org/downloads/2008_geneticizing_disease.pdf
Monroe, Kristen, et al., eds. Fundamentals of the Stem Cell Debate: The Scientific, Religious, Ethical and Political Issues. Los Angeles/Berkley: University of California Press, 2008. Print
Due to public awareness of science, people started realise that the stem cells have the potential in developing cell-based therapies for many uncured diseases. Objectors claimed that it is morally wrong for the government to advocate stem cell research because the research demands embryos’ destruction (National Bioethics Advisory Committee [NBAC], 1999, as cited in Nisbet, 2004).’’It’s immoral that hundreds of thousands of embryos are discarded yearly instead of used to research cures for human suffering.” (Gilbert, 2008).In 2001, President George W. Bush made his stand to oppose the stem cell research by l...
Waskey, Andrew J. “Moral Status of Embryo.” Encyclopedia of Stem Cell Research. Ed. Clive N. Svendsen, and Allison D. Ebert. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc., 2008. 347-52. SAGE knowledge. Web. 15 Apr. 2013.
Stem cell research has been a heated and highly controversial debate for over a decade, which explains why there have been so many articles on the issue. Like all debates, the issue is based on two different arguments: the scientific evolution and the political war against that evolution. The debate proves itself to be so controversial that is both supported and opposed by many different people, organizations, and religions. There are many “emotional images [that] have been wielded” in an attempt to persuade one side to convert to the other (Hirsen). The stem cell research debate, accompanied by different rhetoric used to argue dissimilar points, comes to life in two articles and a speech: “Should Human Cloning Be Allowed? Yes, Don’t Impede Medical Progress” by Virginia Postrel; “Should Human Cloning Be Allowed? No, It’s a Moral Monstrosity” by Eric Cohen and William Kristol; and “Remarks by Ron Reagan, Jr., to the 2004 Democratic National Convention” by Ron Reagan, Jr. Ethos, pathos, and logos are the main categories differentiating the two arguments.
The cloning of human embryos for biomedical research has be an ethical issue ever since the opportunity presented itself. To get a better grasp of the issue, Human Cloning and Human Dignity: An Ethical Inquiry was read to see what the moral issues were involved with the cloning of human embryos. The paper discusses two main points: the cloning of human embryos should be used for biomedical research and the cloning of human embryos should not be used for biomedical research. The paper has broken the section for the use of cloning embryos into two positions, so there are really three positions provided in reading. I have chosen to agree with position one in the paper.
Anderson, Ryan. "Stem Cells: A Political History." First Things. First Things, November, 2008. Web. 10 Feb 2012.
Foht, Brendan P. "Three-Parent Embryos Illustrate Ethical Problems with Technologies." Medical Ethics, edited by Noël Merino, Greenhaven Press, 2015. Current Controversies. Opposing Viewpoints in Context,
In 2004 and 2005, Hwang Woo-Suk’s research group published two land mark papers in the field of embryonic stem cell (ESC) research. In these publications, Hwang claimed to be able to create patient specific stem cell lines (Normile 650). Hwang’s discovery received immediate attention from scientists worldwide for not only the impact it could have on disease treatment, but also the social implications. First, the research identified a way to generate human stem cells without needing to take them from a fertilized embryo. The use of embryos as a source of stem cells is a fiercely contentious societal issue, as there is disagreement regarding the rights of an embryo.
The lack of a line to determine which genes can be edited is the first issue; the use of CRISPR to edit genes can either lead to a cure for all genetic diseases, predispositions, and defects, or to the creation of programmed or enhanced individuals. The fiscal, mechanical, and precautionary potential of embryonic CRISPR editing is the second issue. CRISPR is viable fiscally and mechanically, yet precautionarily unviable. Although it is inexpensive, accessible, and precise, it is inefficient, resulting in extreme untoward effects, like genetic mosaicism and off-target events. The possible effect of excessive CRISPR use on future generations is the third issue, which could result in either the eradication of genetic disease from the gene pool, or the loss of evolutionary fitness and genetic diversity. It is unknown whether CRISPR will be incorporated into future editing of embryos. Only time can tell whether CRISPR will become a common household name or a name lost in scientific