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Religion in American colonies
Religion in American colonies
Essay on puritanism
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One foundation in the development of Colonial America was the right of religious freedom. Ironically this ideology lead to the banishment and excommunication of Anne Hutchinson from the Massachusetts Bay Colony and the Puritan church, however she and her followers migrated to Rhode Island and continued to practice their beliefs. Her deviance from the Puritan belief that salvation is earned by “good works” and advocating that salvation is derived from “grace from God” brought attention to her weekly women’s Bible studies. She stood firm in her convictions and defied the Puritan leaders and Governor which was prohibited for women living in this era. Puritan women were not allowed to speak or think for themselves, yet Anne Hutchinson chose to fervently express her beliefs. Her views on salvation and admission to heaven created a following that threatened the Puritan ideas and would eventually lead to a new Protestant doctrine. She was a prominent figure in the realization of religious freedom, women in ministry and the feminist movement. Anne Hutchinson was born in Alford, England in 1591 to Bridget Dryden, a schoolteacher, and Frances Marbury, a minister. She was home schooled by her parents and they wanted to make sure their children, especially the girls received an education that would be equivalent to those provided to boys during that era. By reading religious books from her father’s library, she discovered more questions than the books provided answers. Because of this extensive education, she was not afraid to question the Church’s authority in the details of doctrine. She married William Hutchinson when she was 21 years old and they began to follow John Cotton, one of England’s leading Puritans, who was ministe... ... middle of paper ... ...at was paid for the opportunity to openly express our views both politically and religiously. Works Cited Foster, Warren Dunham. Heroines of Modern Religion. “Anne Hutchinson”. Freeport New York: Libraries Press. 1970. Print. Jacobs, William Jay. Great Lives, Human Rights. New York New York: Simon and Schuster. 1990. Print. LaPlante, Eve (2004). American Jezebel, the Uncommon Life of Anne Hutchinson, the Woman who Defied the Puritans. San Francisco: Harper Collins. 2003. Print. Morgan, Edward. The Puritan Dilemma. “Trial and Interrogation of Anne Hutchinson (1637)” http://www.swarthmore.edu/SocSci/bdorsey1/41docs/30-hut.html. Web. 1 Feb 2014 Winthrop, John. “Winthrop’s Journal “History of New England” 1630-1649. Vol. I. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons. 1908 http://www.archive.org/details/winthropsjournal00wint. Web. 1 Feb 2014
James, Edward, Janet James, and Paul Boyer. Notable American Women, 1607-1950. Volume III: P-Z. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1971. Print.
Anne Bradstreet’s inability to perfect her work before it was released frustrated her to the point where she internalizes the book’s imperfections as a reflection of herself. Bradstreet uses an extended metaphor of a mother and a child to compare the relationship between herself as the author and her book. Rather than investing her spirit in God, she repeatedly focuses on trying to improve the quality of her writing with no success, “I washed thy face, but more defects I saw” (Bradstreet 13). Like a mother protecting her child, Bradstreet’s attempts to prevent critics from negatively analyzing her work of art (20). Her continuous obsession about people’s opinions consumed in the Earthly world and essentially distracted her from developing a spiritual relationship with God. Bradstreet was enveloped by her dissatisfaction with her to the point of ridiculing herself, “Thou ill-formed offspring of my feeble mind” (1). It was obvious that her mind and spiritual
Rosenthal. Bernard. Salem Story: Reading the Witch Trials of 1692. Cambridge Mass: Cambridge University Press, 1995.
Firstly John Winthrop whom was the governor of Massachusetts Bay was accusing Anne hutchinson of “troubling the peace of commonwealth and the churches here”. Anne was holding meetings at her house; teaching women and sometimes even men about religion. To quote directly from the document John Winthrop said: “You have maintained a meeting and an assembly in your house that hath been considered by the general assembly as a thing not tolerable nor comely in the sight of god nor fitting for your sex.” with this quote alone you can see Winthrop’s distaste for Anne ;a women, teaching people about religion. you can make the connection that because John Winthrop is the governor of Massachusetts he has more than likely instilled in his people the idea of a strict patriarchal society. In the Quote Winthrop says ‘...considered by the general assembly as a thing not tolerable nor comely in the sight of god nor fitting for your sex”. A General assembly is basically a community, more...
Anne Hutchinson's efforts, according to some viewpoints, may have been a failure, but they revealed in unmistakable manner the emotional starvation of Puritan womanhood. Women, saddened by their hardships, depressed by their religion, denied an open love for beauty...flocked with eagerness to hear this feminine radical...a very little listening seems to have convinced them that this woman understood the female heart far better than did John Cotton of any other male pastor of the settlements. (C. Holliday, pps. 45-46.)
The case, R. v. Keegstra, constructs a framework concerning whether the freedom of expression should be upheld in a democratic society, even wh...
Anne Bradstreet’s poetry resembles a quiet pond. Her quiet puritan thinking acts as the calm surface that bears a resemblance to her natural values and religious beliefs. Underneath the pond there is an abundance of activity comparable to her becoming the first notable poet in American Literature. Anne Bradstreet did not obtain the first notable poet’s title very easily; she endured sickness, lack of food, and primitive living conditions during her time in the New World. Despite these misfortunes she used her emotions and strong educational background to write extraordinarily well for a woman in that time.
Hinds, Maurene J. Witchcraft on Trial: From the Salem Witch Hunts to the Crucible. Library ed. Berkeley Heights, NJ: Enslow, 2009. Print.
Reis, Elizabeth. Damned Women: Sinners and Witches in Puritan New England.( New York: Cornell University Press, 1999), 107-108.
Anne Bradstreet was born into a very privileged life, she was the daughter of a wealthy man who believed that she should receive an education. She married at age sixteen, and in 1630 she embarks to America on a perilous journey to "escape the
An outspoken female in a male hierarchy, Hutchinson had little hope that many would speak in her defense, and she was being tried by the General Court. In 1636 she was charged with hersey and banished from Massachusetts Bay Colony. Several years later, when she moved to New York, she was killed in an Indian attack. Anne challenged the Puritan clergy. She believed that: "1.One can feel one's salvation and is filled with the spirit of God after conversion.
Declaration of Human Rights: Dignity and Justice for All of Us. Accessed on October 29,
Ann Charters. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, a 2011 book. 1629 - 1631. Print. The.
Declaration of Human Rights: Dignity and Justice for All of Us. Accessed on October 29,
Up until the early 17th century, American literature was chiefly about politics, religion, and recorded events. These writings were very dry and lacked insight into the everyday lives of the authors. To put into writing any individual spiritual reflections that strayed away from the religion of the colony could be dangerous at that time; possibly resulting in banishment from the colony or worse. Likewise, any writing that did not serve at least one of the purposes listed above was considered to be a waste of time that would be better spent praising God. Anne Bradstreet defied the rules of her time by writing about whatever she wanted including personal thoughts, reflections, emotions, and events. Bradstreet was the first to write about personal matters, which is her greatest literary contribution in early American literature.