Ancient Philosophers

For instance, the simple aspect of the “scientific process,” which is also similar to the scientific method we earlier learned in the first week of lecture, is evidence of how we have matured from earlier and more primitive efforts to differentiate between a real story and a false one. Science tries to analyze phenomena to answer the questions of how, where, what and which giving answers that are logical.

Muehlbauer further notes that human kind again has grown in a positive way from an era where only religion was the only ultimate answer to like all the questions humanity had. She gives an example of a past belief that when skies would rumble, this meant that God was mad, and another was that crops would go wrong resulting from curses by

By breaking the improvements section by section, this book tries to explain the advancements we have had from where humankind originated from to how we grew and reached to where we are at present.

In “The Ancient Philosophers Set the Stage” (Chapter 1), Muehlbauer helps us learn that philosophy was the thing that gave birth to natural science. We discover that a succession of Greek philosophers are the ones who built the “natural law” idea that gathered a lot of relevant information to humankind. Natural laws are the laws that science purposes to define and even explain.

Another point to note from the book is that a large percentage of the evolutionary variations that took place at the molecular (DNA) level were not as a result of the Darwinian theory of natural selection acting on mutants that are advantageous. Instead, the changes occurred from randomly fixing of selectively neural mutants or using the random genetic drift in those who are close to being neutral mutants. The genetic drift resulted from the sampling of gametes randomly in populations that are determinable. Gene variants of offsprings were samples of the parents who are random, and they determine their survival and reproduction. Some genes could disappear completely causing a reduction in the genetic variation and wiping out of some species and those not adapted to the current situations