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Essays on treatments for drug addiction
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deter an opioid abuser through the use of injection. If injected by an individual, naloxone will produce a withdraw reaction in the body, but if taken properly by mouth, the medication will be absorbed and the opioid component within the medication will work as intended. The problem to this approach is that the medication only works as a deterrent if injected or for those who are physically dependent on OPRs.
Naloxone is an opioid antagonist which is designed to quickly reverse an opioid overdose. The medication binds to the opioid receptors and prevent other opioids from reaching them. It has the potential to reverse and block the effects of opioids and rapidly restore normal respiration to an individual whose breathing has stopped or slowed
as a result of a heroin overdose. Naloxone was assigned to police officers in certain states in 2016 and is a potential life saving tool. In Seattle, officers started to carry naloxone in the spring of 2016 and within the first few months, they had already saved 10 lives. The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) funded research on the use and benefits of Naloxone. Currently they are evaluating studies to improve opioid prescriptions and are advocating for the co-prescription of Naloxone. An early study found that providing naloxone to all patients receiving prescribed opiates may have ancillary benefits such as the decrease in overdoses, especially among patients who are receiving heavy doses of prescription opiates (Ann Intern Med, 2016) In addition to clinics and naloxone, the FDA recommends that all individuals who have leftover prescriptions to throw away the medication if not used within the time of the injury. In most cases, left over prescriptions are saved and stored in cabinets and places where they are accessible for future use. This mistake can cause a person to become addicted if they or someone
1Fentanyl is a powerful synthetic opiate analgesic, which has a primary function in managing malignant and non-malignant contractible pain, similar to morphine however it is more potent. This is because fentanyl has an octanol-water partition of 9550 compared to morphine, which has 6. This effectively demonstrates that fentanyl is highly lipid soluble, crossing the blood brain barrier more rapidly. Hence it has a quicker reaction time but at a shorter duration compared to morphine. It is commonly used to treat patients with severe pain or patients experiencing pain after a surgery. Fentanyl can also be used to treat patients with chronic pain that are physically tolerant to opiates. Patients who are not physically tolerant to opiates should avoid the use of fentanyl as this can cause undesirable side effects, which can in some cases be toxic. Fentanyl is registered as a class II prescription drug, meaning that it has a greater potential for being abused, which could have negative implications on a patient’s health as it can result in psychological or physical dependence.1
Naloxone [Narcan] is a structural analog of morphine that acts as a competitive antagonist at opioid receptors, thereby blocking opioid actions. Naloxone can reverse most effects of the opioid agonists, including respiratory depression, coma, and analgesia (Lehne, 2013). Naloxone may be administered IV, IM, Intranasal, or subQ. Following IV injection, effects begin almost immediately and persist about 1 hour. Following IM or subQ injection, effects begin within 2 to 5 minutes and persist several hours (Lehne, 2013).
As of today this type of treatment is one of the most widely known options for clients who have opiate issues. This treatment is a combination of two different drugs: buprenorphine and naloxone. Buprenorphine is a lower form of opiates that is given to the patient with opiate addictions because it provides them with fewer side effects when coming off the addiction. Naloxone is a blocker medication that is primarily given in emergency rooms to individuals who have overdosed wit...
Opioids are used as pain relievers and although it does the job, there are adverse side effects. Opioids are frequently used in the medical field, allowing doctors to overprescribe their patients. The substance can be very addicting to the dosage being prescribed to the patient. Doctors are commonly prescribing opioids for patients who have mild, moderate, and severe pain. As the pain becomes more severe for the patient, the doctor is more likely to increase the dosage. The increasing dosages of the narcotics become highly addicting. Opioids should not be prescribed as pain killers, due to their highly addictive chemical composition, the detrimental effects on opioid dependent patients, the body, and on future adolescents. Frequently doctors have become carless which causes an upsurge of opioids being overprescribed.
The image Opioids by Adam Zyglis found on PoliticalCartoons.com portrays a strong message about prescription opioid deaths. The image shows a grim reaper pouring faceless people out of a prescription bottle into his mouth, symbolizing death. The prescription bottle reads RxIP opioids addicts Dr. Approved. Conveying emphasis on its importance, the prescription bottle is the only object in color. The artist is implying prescription opioids are a prescription for death that’s doctor approved. CDC Director Frieden suggests because the epidemic is “doctor-driven”, doctors play an important role and ultimately doctors can reverse it (Ryan and Karlamanga). The image, Opioids, implies doctors are responsible for the opioid overdose epidemic. Prescription
Opiates are a class of drugs that are used for chronic pain. Opioids are substances that are used to relieve pain by binding opiate receptors throughout the body, and in the brain. These areas in the brain control pain and also emotions, producing a feeling of excitement or happiness. As the brain gets used to these feelings, and the body builds a tolerance to the opioids, there is a need for more opioids and then the possibility of addiction. There are different forms of opioids manufactured such as Morphine, Oxycodone, Buprenorphine, Hydrocodone, and Methadone.
“Safe injection sites” are not a valid response to the Opioid Crisis it will defeat the purpose of treatment for people looking to end their addiction. If someone is an opioid drug addict, treatment to end the addiction would not be more appealing than going to an injection site to get high without prosecution. If addiction to opioid drugs is such a hard thing to stop, then it should not be promoted in any way.
It has been said that addiction is the plague of the 21st century. In an age of unprecedented life expectancy and medical breakthroughs, people are dying from both disease and overdose that are self inflicted and the cure is currently out of reach. Implementing progressive ideas such as safe injection sites have been a battle, both for caring social workers and front line emergency workers looking to minimize the health risks associated with risk taking behaviors that inevitably occur with intravenous drug use. While the addicted population currently uses considerable government funding by way of shelter services as well as prison and jail time, safe injection sites are a necessary step in the battle against drug abuse as is a major prevention
The purpose of methadone is to help clients control their urges for addiction and withdrawal symptoms for a better future. From listening to the charge nurse, there could actuality be a possibility to help patients who are addicted to opioids, manage their lives and create a better future without dependency or addiction. Many clients start off on the wrong foot, but through the help of the methadone clinic, many patients continue to live their lives to the fullest. Methadone management has helped many clients discover their purpose in society and to function adequately.
Addiction is a dependence on a substance where the individual who is affected feels defenseless and unable to stop the obsession to use a substance or prevent a particular behavior. Millions of Americans have addictions to drugs, alcohol, nicotine, and even to behaviors such as obsessive gambling. Pharmacotherapy is a treatment process in which a counselor can use a particular drug to counter act an addictive drug or behavior. Not all counselors agree with this type of treatment. However in order to provide a client with an ethical treatment and unbiased opinions they should be made aware of all scientific evidence of different treatment options. “Thus, attention to addiction pharmacotherapy is an ethical mandate no matter what prejudices a counselor may have” (Capuzzi & Stauffer, 2008, p. 196). Some particular pharmacotherapy’s a counselor may use for the treatment of addiction are Bupropion (Wellbutrin, Zyban), Disulfiram (Antabuse), Naltrexone (ReVia, Depade), Methadone (Dolophine), and Buprenorphine (Temgesic, Suboxone).
The availability of opioids without a prescription or getting the medication from a friend or family member for free is one reason behind opioids addiction. It is important to know that some of them are illegal and have medical psychological effect and thus it is not safe to use them. One example is heroin which can change brain function make its user to perform unusual activities because of their effects of giving feelings of having different energy levels and more confidence. Consequently, taken in large quantity can result if feelings of anxiety and hallucinations and it can also result in death of the user. Authorities in health care system must constrain opioids availability and locate them to
Understanding this problem begins with education about the type of drugs being abused. Opiates, or opioids, are a type of drug that relieves pain. Painkillers interact with nerve endings in the brain, stopping them from sending the message to your brain that you are in pain. Taking this medication results in lose of pain and a temporary high. If a patient takes pain pills for too long, they can begin to form a tolerance to lower doses, causing the physician to have to continually raise the amount being put into their bodies. After extended use, opiates can cause iatrogenic addiction, “most likely to occur with long-term use and/or high does of a prescription drug” (Kendal1 l75). Even though opiates have been used to treat pain in the medical field for years, research is indicating negative side effects. Some of these, interesting enou...
Marx argues that religion is the opiate of the masses; he says that religion is an ideological tool used to defend the interests of the dominant in society that are the wealthy and those in high positions of power. Religion is able to pacify the poor lower class of society by giving them something to look forward to besides their dull lackluster lives that are made that way by injustice in the social system.
With the increase of adulterants such as fentanyl being used in various drugs the amount of people overdosing on drugs that can easy be reversed with naloxone will continue to
Dobler-Mikola, A. Gschwed, P. Gutzwiller, F. Steffen, T. Rehm, J. Ucthengagen, A. (2001) Fesaibility, Safely, and Efficacy of Injectable Heroin Prescription for Refractory Opioid Addicts: a follow-up study. The Lancet, volume 358, pg 1417-1420