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Case study on reference groups
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After reading the text You May Ask Yourself by Dalton Conley and doing research on reference groups, I realized that I am apart of and look at reference groups as I go about with my activities. A major Informal reference group that I belong to is my family. My family especially my older siblings would be considered an informal reference group. Growing up all my siblings were athletes starting at a young age, and had major dedication and commitments to their sports. Being that I am the "baby" of the family, I always looked up to what they did and even what they are doing now for guidance. Two of my siblings were divers and went to division I schools, my other sibling also played field hockey at division II. I also shared the interest in sports,
Leon F. Litwack is the author of Trouble in Mind. Litwack is an American historian and professor of history at the University of California at Berkeley. He was born in 1929 in Santa Barbara, California. In 1951, Litwack received is Bachelor Degree and then continued to further his education. In 1958, he received his Ph. D. from the University of California at Berkeley. Samuel Eliot Morison and Henry Steele Commager wrote the book that sparked Litwack's curiosity in history. The book was The Growth of the American Republic. Litwack was in the eleventh grade when he first discovered his interest in history. In 1964, Litwack began teaching at the University of California, where he taught an excess of 30,000 students. Litwack has written other books besides Trouble in Mind. One of the books he wrote was Been in the Storm So Long: The Aftermath of Slavery in 1979. In 1980, Litwack was the winner of the Pulitzer Prize for history of this book and in 1981 he was the winner of the National Book Award. He also wrote North of Slavery: The Negro in the Free State, 1790-1860, Without Sanctuary: Lynching Photography in America, and The Harvard Guide to African-American History. Litwack has also won many including, the Francis Parkman Prize, the American Book Award, and he was elected to the presidency of the Organization of American Historians. In addition to this, Litwack has been an outstanding teacher and received two notable teaching awards. Litwack's first teaching position was at the University of Wisconsin in Madison, where he taught from 1958 to 1964. He also taught at the University of South Carolina, Louisiana State University, and the University of Mississippi. As one can see, not only has Litwack been an exceptionally outstanding author, he has also been a very popular and influential teacher.
In the story " Groups and Conformity" by Michael R. Solomon, it talks about how people in groups are more influential then a individual person would be. In the opening it talkes about a guy whos name is Zachary. Zachary is a business man during the week and on weekends you can find him riding his motorcycle or with his group of motorcycle friends. You see Zachary is a part of the many individual 's who are in a reference group. A reference group is based on a individual or groups; evaluations, aspirations, and or behaviors. Reference groups are important because of two reasons. Reason one is because of the recent research on the smoking cessation: And the powerful impact it has on reference groups. According to the author, Michael Solomon,
In the article “Reading and Thought” the author Dwight MacDonald provides criticism and disagreement with Henry Luce’s idea of “functional curiosity”. Luce developed the term “functional curiosity” defining it as an eagerness of people to know the latest news happening around the world. On the other hand, MacDonald concludes that functional curiosity only strengthens reader’s practice in reading rather than in providing invaluable information. He underlines that literature nowadays is deficient and insubstantial since there is no deep meaning in the texts. Modern printed literature is simply being skimmed through by the reader as the reader nowadays tends to avoid too much information resisting thinking in such a way. Because of the new nature of the printed materials, MacDonald considers today’s reading behavior and the way people think as flimsy and indifferent. I agree that our thought has definitively changed since we are paying less time to serious critical thinking losing connections with society and awareness of it.
Based on their evidence, the focus on athletics contributes to lower dropout rates and higher test scores; however, they do note that students participating in athletics are obligated to be extremely focused and dedicated. It is no secret that achieving in athletics and academics is challenging and demanding. Additionally, communities achieving success in the athletic field have a greater social capital. Social capital is “the norms, the social networks, and the relationships” that individuals have within one another (Bowen and Hitt). Social capital is pertinent for children growing up to be prosperous adults. These relationships help build academic success. Likewise, most schools have equal success in athletics and academics. This direct relation has been researched and speculated to prove that athletics do not take away from academics but rather facilitate
In the story “Groups and Conformity" by Michael R. Solomon, it talks about how people in groups are more influential than an individual person would be. In the opening it talks about a guy whose name is Zachary. Zachary is a business man during the week and on weekends you can find him riding his motorcycle or with his group of motorcycle friends. You see Zachary is a part of the many individuals who are in a reference group. A reference group is based on an individual or groups; evaluations, aspirations, and or behaviors. Reference groups are important because of two reasons. Reason one is because of the recent research on the smoking cessation: And the powerful impact it has on reference groups. According to the author, Michael Solomon, smokers
Writing has never been a strength I have possessed. English 102 has been difficult and challenging for me because I have had to move past the high school level of a basic book report or a five paragraph paper that has narrowed my ideas of writing for many years. Putting on paper what my thoughts are in a way that is logical and accurate for what the assignment is asking has been hard for me this semester. My ideas are now more involved because I have learned through English 102 how to develop my writing skills in different formats, for example, in an annotated bibliography and a research paper. English 102 has taught me many things about writing like locating sources from the library and on line as well as continuing
In the world of cinema, there’s almost always a discussion regarding what scenes would be suitable for the grasping imagination of any audience, young or old. Alfred Hitchcock’s 1960 film, Psycho, sparked a plug for the movie industry as it was the first movie of its kind to display such graphic scenes of sex and violence to a worldwide audience.
Initial Reflective Essay When I first thought of what I wanted to do with my life after college, the first thing I thought of was helping people. The next step in deciding what I wanted to do with my life was to examine how I could accomplish this goal. I started pondering and I was thinking about how much I love to take care of my body. Health care and personal hygiene has always been an important factor in my life. So I decided to major in Health Sciences.
People who have become involved in sports and recreation develop a larger group of friends, receive more social support, and are more likely to engage in conversation with o...
These reference groups helped shape us by providing us the means of how to behave in group settings in the proper way, communication among people from all social classes, and gave us the ability to identify other social norms. My friends and their families taught me soft skills that I had not been exposed to within my family. “Soft skills are the character traits and difficult to teach interpersonal skills that characterize a person’s relations with other people. Soft skills have more to do with who we are than what we know. As such, soft skills encompass the character traits that decide how well one interacts with others, and are usually a definite part of one 's personality (www.investopedia.com).” “Soft skills are things like knowing how to dress, act and present oneself or the ability to work well with other people”. (Manza Pg. 417) In part, I learned proper table etiquette and dressing appropriately for different situations from some of my friends and their families. The benefits of these soft skills became invaluable later and into adulthood by helping me in the real world. I learned what to say and when to say it in conversational circumstances, a skill that I might have been otherwise unprepared for had I not been given this guidance when I was young. This allowed me to carry on conversations and interact with people of greater importance than myself later in
Erik Erikson composed a theory of psychological development that was composed of eight stages. Erikson’s theory focuses on how personalities evolve throughout life as a result of the interaction between biologically based maturation and the demands of society. According to Erikson, “Each stage of human development presents its characteristic crises. Coping well with each crisis makes an individual better prepared to cope with the next.” (Zastrow & Kirst-Ashman, 2013, p. 314) According to Erikson’s eight stages of development, I have only been through six of the eight stages.
These reference groups helped shape us by providing us the means of how to behave in group settings in the proper manner, communication among people from all social classes, and gave us the ability to identify other social norms. My friends and their families taught me soft skills that I had not been exposed to within my family. “Soft skills are the character traits and difficult to teach interpersonal skills that characterize a person’s relations with other people. Soft skills have more to do with who we are than what we know. As such, soft skills encompass the character traits that decide how well one interacts with others, and are usually a definite part of one 's personality (www.investopedia.com).” “Soft skills are things like knowing how to dress, act and present oneself or the ability to work well with other people (Manza Pg. 417).” For example, I learned proper table etiquette such as not starting to eat before everyone was served. This was not something that was taught at my home. I learned proper clothing attire based on the occasion and or different adult surrounding. The benefits of these soft skills became invaluable later and into adulthood by helping me in the real world. I learned what to say and when to say it in conversational circumstances that I might have been unprepared for otherwise were now familiar to me. This allowed me to carry on conversations and
In this essay I will describe the four major theories of personality and identify the advantages and disadvantages of each. The first major theory of personality is psychodynamic which was created by Sigmund Freud. The second major theory of personality is trait or five-factor model which is the most scientifically supported model. The third major theory of personality is humanistic, and Carl Rogers was the best known humanistic theorist. Finally, the fourth major theory of personality is social cognitive which was developed by social learning theorists.
According to the article entitled,” A Theory of Human Motivation” by A.H. Maslow, Maslow stated that human motivation is defined in several ways. Some of the ways that human motivation is define is :
Introduction to Personality Lillian Tracey Hayes PSY/405 April 26, 2014 Les Binnix. Introduction to Personality The concept of personality is not easy to define. Researchers give examples or perceptions to define the personality; however, there are different theories that explain personality. Personality is what makes each person unique and individual and each person has different patterns of behavior, attitudes, and traits that combine to create personality. There are biological and environmental aspects of life that shape the development of personality and differing perceptions of experiences that contribute to differences between people.