The structural torsional stiffness is calculated through finding the torque applied to the handle and dividing it by the angular deflection of the handle that is resulted from the torsional loading. It is expressed in term of Nm/degree of angular deflection. This calculation is shown below in figure 3.1 Figure 3.3: Calculation of structural torsional stiffness
K_T=T/θ (3.3) where, KT = Structural torsional stiffness
T = FL (3.4)
T = Torque
F = Force applied θ = Tan^(-1) [((y_1+y_2 ))/2L]
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The angular deflection is taken to be the angle formed from the center of the handle to the position of the deflected corner. Both left and right vertical displacements are included in the equation to take the average vertical displacement in order to generate a more accurate estimate of the total angular deflection of the handle.
Equation 3.3 is utilized for the assessment of the structural torsional stiffness of the handle for its design and analysis. This equation is inputted into the spreadsheet and plotted to look for the coefficient. The coefficient is the structural torsional stiffness, KT of the handle. All values needed for the equation are measured from the handle model in SolidWorks.
4. Analysis, Results and Discussion
4.1 Handle Sample Holders
Within the specified diameter of the bottle water, the holder is conceived. The handle model is analyzed and conceived by varying the number of holder for both the test sample and the control sample from four (4) to six (6) and the material from polypropylene to High density
Angular position is the orientation of a line relative to some other line or plane.
General Strain Theory was reinvented by Robert Agnew in 1992 and contributed a new perception to the present strain theory that was popularized a couple eras ago (Agnew, 1992). Classic strain theory is connected; first with Merton’s (1938), Cohen’s (1955) and Cloward and Ohlin’s (1960). Founded on Durkheim’s theory of anomie (1893), Merton industrialized his theory of deviancy inside a societal fundamental context. Merton’s interpretation on the topic is that goal-expectation inconsistencies, composed with social stratification generates strain between underprivileged societies in turn leading them to use any means necessary, such as criminal, in order to accomplish socially defined goals (Merton, 1938). Merton specified that deviance was a creation of inconsistency amongst social goals and the genuine means to attain these goals (Smith & Bohm, 2008). Merton shaped a typology of deviance contingent on how diverse human beings adjust to ethnically persuaded strain. Conferring to Merton, crime can be elucidated by the predictable socially acknowledged goals and the conceivable genuine means of accomplishing them.
A Look into the Past Depositional conditions and structural deformation. The Austin Glen formation, which may be found at the Johnson Iorio Memorial Park, encompasses an abundance of clastic sedimentary rocks. More specifically, thin black shale and thick greywacke compose this formation. The thin black shale may be described as fine-grained and its color derives from lack of oxidation.
Mechanical Engineering 130.2 (2008): 6 - 7. Academic Search Complete. Web. The Web. The Web.
The bottled water industry has a high potential in growth rate and in the terms of sales volume or per capita consumption rate. For example, the United States’ capita consumption of bottled water lagged those of soft drinks by more than a 2:1 margin. In term of bottle water, the majority of sales volume has burden on single- serving PET containers than 5 or 1-2.5 gallon high density polyethylene containers which use for home or office. The single PET container has been satisfied by the customers because they are convenience and portable. So it could be purchased from a convenience store.
For ever water bottle made, non-renewable resources are wasted to produce an unnecessary luxury. For the bottled water Americans enjoy, seventeen million barrels of oil are used (excluding transportation), which could fuel more than 1.3 million cars for a year. Most water is imported and exported from places that are thousands of miles away, like Fiji. Although oil is controversial in nature, for every one liter of water produced, three liters are used; the excess water wasted can supply clean water to the world’s poorest countries. Moreover, the energy used in bottle production can supply energy to over 190,000 homes. The resources that can be replaced by ceasing the production of water bottles can solve many global problems faced by a growing population.
The optimum weight of the cold formed steel truss is the minimum weight of 48.5 kg corresponding to the central rise of 1.02 m as shown in the figure 2.
The materials used for the crankshaft are five which are based on their composition. Building an accurate and reliable calculating model is one of the key steps of analysis with finite element analysis. During the model development, the geometry of the finite element model should be built according to the real one as close as possible. However, if the structure of the object is complex, it can be very difficult to build the model in accordance with the real one. In the model built below crankshaft is simplified. The model was created using Creo 2.0
Abstract The reasons behind why levers change the magnitude or direction of force being applied by an object will be studied in this lab report. The principle of levers will be determined as well. To determine which levers decreased the greatest amount of effort needed to lift an object the mechanical advantage (MA) of all three classes was found. MA was calculated by load force/effort force.
used to efficiently dispense an adequate amount of liquid soap from the bottle to the user’s hand. The pump dispenser was designed as an improvement to a simple open-mouthed bottle. Users found it difficult to control the amount of liquid pouring out of the mouth. This method was messy and resulted in the wastage of a lot of liquid soap. The pump dispenser uses a pumping mechanism to control the amount of soap coming out of the bottle.
According to The Water Project, 80% of all single use water bottles used in the United States
Its calculations are based primarily on the elastic behavior of the flexural members. The deflection ∆, is a function of the span, L, load, W, modulus of elasticity of the material, E and moment of inertia, I:
bending, shear, axial and torsional shear. This type of structure has been used by engineers throughout
When the object is loaded through spring freely that can be considered as elasticity. The simple elasticity consists of a mass, a mass hanger, a steel spring and a retort stand.