The author of this article aims to show how Sor Juana defended women’s right and links female suffering with the acquisition of knowledge. At the same time, the author also redefines female body, which is always excluded power structures. Apart from this, Krik discusses how Sor Juana uses references from Katherine of Alexandria and Lucretia in her works, since they are emblems of the female knowledge and defended their dignity as women in Antiquity.
To begin with, the structure of Kirk’s article could be divided into three parts. The first part is the introduction of Sor Juana’s background and her achievements. Krik(2008:38) argues that Juana’s uses the vocabulary and the issue of pain and suffering in order to ‘establish an intimate connection between the female physical pain and the acquisition of knowledge.’ In addition, Krik also mentions that female’s opinion does not get enough respect. This suggested in Sor Juana opinions in her works that some nuns are compulsory to be asceticism and are obedient to the ecclesiastical authorities.
Regarding the second part are the description and definition of pain in earlier modern society, it has shown that the pain included physical
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To be more specific, the body pain seems to be the route in order to find the true knowledge and can be shown as tow types- the martyrdom and the punishment, which are considering as voluntary behavior and compulsory behavior. Unlike physical pain, the psychological pain will be crueler, especially for women. Under the law and also because of the female body probably more inferior than male, women could only experience lighter punishment. However, they will lose the chance to gain true knowledge. Furthermore, Krik have gave some more examples of gendering pain like sexual molestation and the requirement of female corporal
Pain is something that several Americans suffer from on a daily basis for varying reasons.
Women in antiquity did not have an easy lot in life. They had few, if any, rights. Surviving early records of the civilizations of antiquity from ancient Greece, Egypt, China, and Rome suggest the diversity of women’s roles differed little from region to region. There were a few exceptions, mostly concerning women of nobility and the city-state of Sparta. Excluding the rare instances mentioned most antique women were generally limited on education, mobility, and almost all possibilities interfering with domestic or childbearing responsibilities. The limited social roles of women in antiquity suggest the perceived c...
Pain is a universal element of the human experience. Everyone, at some point in their lives, experiences pain in one form or another. Pain has numerous causes, effects, and is itself a highly complex biological phenomenon. It also carries with it important emotional and social concerns. Pain cannot be entirely understood within the context of any one field of scientific inquiry. Indeed, it must be examined across a range of disciplines, and furthermore considered in relation to important non-scientific influences, such as emotional responses and social determinants. I conducted my explorations regarding pain with the following question in mind: to what degree is pain subjective? I found several avenues of inquiry to be useful in my explorations: they are (1) the expanding specialty in the medical profession of pain management; (2) pain in individuals with spinal cord injuries (SCIs) and (3) pain experiences of children. Examining these issues led to the conclusion that pain is in fact a highly subjective phenomenon.
In 1931, the French medical missionary Dr. Albert Schweitzer wrote, "Pain is a more terrible lord of mankind than even death itself." Today, pain has become the universal disorder, a serious and costly public health issue, and a challenge for family, friends, and health care providers who must give support to the individual suffering from the physical as well as the emotional consequences of pain (1).
Pain theory is so far integrated into our history that it dates back to the ancient Greeks. The definition of pain theory is humans giving an explanation for reasons that we may feel pain. Other definitions may include; “physical suffering or discomfort caused by illness or injury, careful effort;
Pain is a complex and subjective phenomenon that involves biological, psychological, social factors, and cultural. It is interpreted and perceived in the brain. Each individual responds differently to pain because every person has different pain thresholds and tolerances. According to Porth (2009), pai...
Staats, P.S., Hekmat, H., & Staats, A.W. (2004). The psychological behaviorism theory of pain and the
This essay will aim to look at the main principles of cancer pain management on an acute medical ward in a hospital setting. My rational for choosing to look at this is to expend my knowledge of the chosen area. Within this pieces of work I will look to include physiological, psychological and sociological aspects of pain management.
In learning about the feminist movement, we studied the three articles and discussed and reviewed the different authors perspectives on the topic and learned how important the role of woman in Greek Mythology. In presenting the feminist theory to the class we analyzed the three articles, Women in Ancient Greece; Women in Antiquity: New Assessments; and Women in Greek Myth, and discussed how although the three articles provided different views on Feminism in mythology, they all essentially are aiming to teach the same basic concept.
For centuries women have fought to obtain basic civil rights and today, they are still fighting to obtain equal rights. From the right to vote to their right to birth control, women have always been trying to assert their own independence in order to expand their freedom. While much progress has been made, there is still room for improvement. However, the evolution of women’s rights and the role of women is mirrored in literature and can be used to illustrate the progression throughout history. Sophocles’ Oedipus Rex is no different. Through the character Jocasta, Sophocles creates a counterpart to Oedipus and uses her to reveal the oppression of women by contrasting her and Oedipus’ relationships and reactions to the prophecy. Throughout the play Oedipus Rex, Sophocles illustrates Jocasta’s vulnerability and supportive nature in order to women as fragile, doting, and obedient wives and mothers to facilitate the necessity of self-assertion.
Women’s lives are represented by the roles they either choose or have imposed on them. This is evident in the play Medea by Euripides through the characters of Medea and the nurse. During the time period which Medea is set women have very limited social power and no political power at all, although a women’s maternal and domestic power was respected in the privacy of the home, “Our lives depend on how his lordship feels”. The limited power these women were given is different to modern society yet roles are still imposed on women to conform and be a dutiful wife.
Women were often subjects of intense focus in ancient literary works. In Sarah Pomeroy’s introduction of her text Goddesses, Whores, Wives, and Slaves, she writes, “Women pervade nearly every genre of classical literature, yet often the bias of the author distorts the information” (x). It is evident in literature that the social roles of women were more restricted than the roles of men. And since the majority of early literature was written by men, misogyny tends to taint much of it. The female characters are usually given negative traits of deception, temptation, selfishness, and seduction. Women were controlled, contained, and exploited. In early literature, women are seen as objects of possession, forces deadly to men, cunning, passive, shameful, and often less honorable than men. Literature reflects the societal beliefs and attitudes of an era and the consistency of these beliefs and attitudes toward women and the roles women play has endured through the centuries in literature. Women begin at a disadvantage according to these societal definitions. In a world run by competing men, women were viewed as property—prizes of contests, booty of battle and the more power men had over these possessions the more prestigious the man. When reading ancient literature one finds that women are often not only prizes, but they were responsible for luring or seducing men into damnation by using their feminine traits.
Pain is worldwide. In every county and every city, pain is being experienced. Whether it is the pain of a stubbed toe or the pain of a massive heart attack, someone is in pain and that pain has a purpose. However, from the first experience of pain we begin to suspect that pain is no friend of ours. And as we continue to endure and be subjected to pain, we begin to loathe it. As the dislike towards pain grows, we Americans give up on bearing and conquering pain. Our medicine cabinets have become filled with pain pills and popping a pill at every miniscule ache has become routine. Yes, some pains of excruciating and chronic levels should be diminished, but pain should never be eradicated. We may wish to be invincible to pain, but pain has a purpose and it is a necessity to be felt. As humans with no natural armor, we fear pain and try to escape it; however, the rare disease of Congenital Insensitivity to pain reinforces and confirms that pain is the vital teacher essential to our survival, and above all we should all be grateful for pain.
There is more research surfacing supporting the notion that people can control their pain. What is left under-examined is the notion of whether the pain is mediated by the brain, mind, or both. We all know that pain is an instinctive "sense" if you will, necessary to the survival of all living beings. Without pain, it would go unrecognized and exacerbate to the point of death. Pain is a protective mechanism essential to survival. There are three important claims here: One is that pain is actually a perception. The second, is the brain mediates the suppression of pain through a "gate" in the spinal cord. Lastly, since pain is a perception, the mind may decide the degree to which the "gate" is open, which therefore influences to amount of pain reaching the brain. Recent research provides evidence that certain brain structures mediate the spinal cord gate. Still controversial is whether receptivity to pain is biological in origin and completely dependent on the brain, or whether the mind, the entity in an individual responsible for thought, and feelings, conscious or unconscious, controls the nervous system and in the end manipulates one's perception of pain.
Pain is something that is subjective, it is what a person feels or encounter in their life. Pain can be emotional, physical, or just a saturation. Pain can be acute, chronic, nerve, tissues, mental or just irritation caused by something or someone. It is up to the person that is experiencing the source of the pain to describe it. These criteria are what makes it subjective. Pain is the fifth vital sign done by nurses every day, yet it is often missed when during patient’s assessment because of time.