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The text Powhatan's Reply was written by Captain John Smith translating the speech given by the Powhatan Chief to Smith. The Chief states that he has seen the death of his people many times and that he knows the difference between peace and war. He says that he is old and must die soon, but lists his family that will take his place and their successors. The Chief does not want Smith to give any less love and respect to his successors that the Chief himself has given Smith. He tells Smith that the bruit force he comes with to destroy their land, frightens the Powhatan people so much that they refuse to visit.
The Chief asks Smith what will he get from trying to take something by force rather than using love to get it all. If he was kind to the Powhatan people there would be no problem with them sharing their riches and resources with Smiths men. The Chief goes on to say “What can you get by warre, when we can hide our provisions and fly to the woods? whereby you must famish by wronging us your friends.” The Chief is trying to explain to Smith that if it were to come to war the Powhatan would win. All they must do is take away the provisions and the Europeans would die from starvation. The only one to blame for this would be Smith because he chose the path of hate rather than love.
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The Chief wants to know why Smith would try to use force to take everything when they are unarmed and more than willing to give Smith the resources that they can.
He asks if it is better to have everything and be friends or rather have nothing and they have the fear of being hunted by Smith when they want nothing but friendship with the Europeans. He then ask Smith if he should hide his people's resources from the Europeans and be miserable in fear or if Smith will end his fear and if not there would be a miserable end for Smith. He invites Smith to come in a friendly matter without guns and swords as if the Powhatan people were the
enemy. Smith’s reply to the Chief’s speech was that he and his men have kept their vow of love to the Powhatan’s. As for the Chief’s promise though Smith says that it is violated everyday by some of the Powhatan. However they find their love and kindness because their custom is far from being ungrateful. For the sake of the Chief, Smith and his men have not sought out revenge. Smith explains that there weapons are not to hunt the Powhatan, they are just apparel such as theirs when they come to Jamestown with their bows and arrows. Smith states that they have no use for the riches from the Powhatan, but as for hiding their provisions Smith and his men would starve. They both had a deeper discussion about everything before they at last began trading resources.
Pocahontas Powhatan Opechancanough, tells the story of the interactions between the Jamestown settlers and the Powhatan Indians, and how the European arrival changed the lives of the natives. the book focuses on the three Indians it is titled for and tries to explain the story of Jamestown through a less Anglo-biased view. At many times the book contradicts the story most people know of the Jamestown settlement and the major players involved. Throughout the book, author Helen Rountree goes to great lengths to tell the whole story truthfully, and when she can't give the whole story she makes it clear as to what is accepted to be true.
In Jamestown, the settlers had to deal with the Powhatan Indians. The relationships with them were unstable. John Smith, whom was the leader of Jamestown, was captured by these Indians while he was on a little trip with some of his men. As he left two of his men, he came back to find them dead and himself surrounded by two hundred members of the tribe, finding himself being captured. “Six or seven weeks those barbarians kept him prisoner…” 87). After this event, the relationship only grew worse and there was constant fighting between the settlers and Indians. The Indians practiced many methods in capturing settlers such as “scalping” and other dreadful techniques. The settlers did many negative practices also which is the reason they fought so many wars and battles against each other. Later on, the Indians killed the English for their weapons that were rare to them. In contrast to the Plymouth colony, these settlers dealt with the Pequot Indians and the relations were much more peaceful for a certain time frame. At one point, one Indian was brave enough to approach them and spoke to them (in broken English). He taught them the ways of the land, and developed a peace with the man. The settlers from the Plymouth colony learned many ways to grow food from these Indians. “He directed them how to set their corn, where to take fish and to procure other commodities, and was also their
Carbone shows us that cooperation between Natives is essential for survival. Samuel claims, “He gives the glass beads and copper in return for the food they have brought.”(71) This shows that the colonist and natives worked together and traded for things they needed for their society. Another example, Samuel says, “This New World is a good place to live, I think as long as we live in peace the Powhatan people.”(164) This represents that the colonists need to work together or they would not survive in this New World. Cooperation with the people around us is essential to live in peace.
Powhatan questions why the colonist is not willing to live in peace and instead take by force. During his viewpoint, Powhatan shows the effects of the colonist getting along and having cooperation with the natives. Which is no violence, sharing of resources, the abundance of supplies, safety, rest, and enjoyment of life? Powhatan compares how life would be if they live in peace than to live with conflict. I am not so simple as not to know that it is better to eat good meat, lie well, and sleep quietly with my women and children; to laugh and be merry with the English, and, being their friend, to have copper, hatchets, and whatever else I want, than to fly from all, to lie cold in the woods, feed on acorns, roots and such trash, and to be so hunted that I cannot rest, eat, or sleep. Chief Powhatan states, “I, therefore, exhort you to peaceable councils.” In addition, he insists that the guns and swords be removed and sent away indicating he seeks a peaceful relationship between the two
The rhetor for this text is Luther Standing Bear. He was born in 1868 on the Pine Ridge Reservation. He was raised as a Native American until the age on eleven when he was taken to Carlisle Indian Industrial School: an Indian boarding school. After graduating from the boarding school, he returned to his reservation and now realized the terrible conditions under which they were living. Standing Bear was then elected as chief of his tribe and it became his responsibility to induce change (Luther Standing Bear). The boarding schools, like the one he went to, were not a fair place to be. The Native American children were forced to go there and they were not taught how to live as a European American; they were taught low level jobs like how to mop and take out trash. Also, these school were very brutal with punishment and how the kids were treated. In the passage he states, “More than one tragedy has resulted when a young boy or girl has returned home again almost an utter stranger. I have seen these happenings with my own eyes and I know they can cause naught but suffering.” (Standing Bear 276). Standing Bear is fighting for the Indians to be taught by Indians. He does not want their young to lose the culture taught to them from the elders. Standing Bear also states, “The old people do not speak English and never will be English-speaking.” (Standing Bear 276). He is reinforcing the point that he believes that they
explained that, by being forced to sell their lands, they could not survive. They would be thrust upon a land where they did not know the terrain, the people that had already occupied it, or even where to find shelter and food. He explained that they could not be expected to just give up their land and way of life for the advancing of the white people.
John Smith explains the hardships of the voyage in the “General History of Virginia” he and others endured. While finally landing on land and discovering the head of the Chickahamania River, The colony endured Disease, severe weather, Native American attacks, and starvation all threatened to destroy the colony. Smith talks about his accomplishments of being a “good leader” and how he helped in many ways. John Smith was captured by the Native Americans and brought back to the camp. Within an hour, the Native Americans prepared to shoot him, but the Native Americans done as Chief Powhatan ordered and brought stones to beat Smiths brains out. John Smith gave an ivory double compass to the Chief of Powhatan. The Native Americans marveled at the parts of the compass. After the Native Americans admired the compass for an hour Chief Powhatan held...
Smith’s and Bradford’s individual descriptions are simply two categories; fiction and nonfiction. Smith’s intention for his audience is that the new land is everything you can wish for without a single fight. Smith starts by describing the content and pleasure that risking your life for getting your own piece of land brings to people. He is luring his audience in by telling that it is a wonderful world of vast food and gratification. Smith wants his audience to be more of the joyful individuals who look for the good in everyt...
“Quantie’s weak body shuddered from a blast of cold wind. Still, the proud wife of the Cherokee chief John Ross wrapped a woolen blanket around her shoulders and grabbed the reins.” Leading the final group of Cherokee Indians from their home lands, Chief John Ross thought of an old story that was told by the chiefs before him, of a place where the earth and sky met in the west, this was the place where death awaits. He could not help but fear that this place of death was where his beloved people were being taken after years of persecution and injustice at the hands of white Americans, the proud Indian people were being forced to vacate their lands, leaving behind their homes, businesses and almost everything they owned while traveling to an unknown place and an uncertain future. The Cherokee Indians suffered terrible indignities, sickness and death while being removed to the Indian territories west of the Mississippi, even though they maintained their culture and traditions, rebuilt their numbers and improved their living conditions by developing their own government, economy and social structure, they were never able to return to their previous greatness or escape the injustices of the American people.
The settlement of the white people had taken its toll on the Blackfoot's. The Napikwans began to move in on the Indians, taking over their hunting ranges, and forcing them from the land in which they had lived for years. "At the time the Pikunis gave the Napikwans some land in return for promises that we would be left alone to hunt on our ranges" (174). The Indians did so as a reassurance that they were safe living with the white people. They thought that would put an end to the white mans greed. As more agreements were made between the Napikwans and the Lone Eaters, the Indians were promised goods to make up for the loss of ranges, as well as some of the white mans money. "These things never came to pass. And so we have every reason to hate the Napikwans" (174).
The natives were weary of the English people but Powhatans decided to trust them and help them to establish a good relationship. Now the Powhatans knew how to grow and harvest crops and they were very good at agriculture. They were willing to give the English food in trade for goods, but this all changed when the English had raided the sacred temple and stole the offerings of food because they were starving. Now Powhatan was very disappointed and still wanted to have a good relationship with the outsiders so he wrote a letter to John Smith. The letter was Powhatan addressing that he is very shocked in after everything they did to help John Smith 's people that they would have the audacity to “come to destroy my Country, so much frightened all my people”, he was also referring to the fact that John Smith did come to talk about the raid to Powhatan but “ broke Powhatan political protocols by bringing an armed escort of Virginia soldiers.”
This is a great day for you and for us. A day of peace and friendship between you and the whites for all time to come. You are about to be paid for your lands, and the GREAT FATHER has sent me today to treaty with you concerning the payment...And the GREAT FATHER wishes you to have homes, pastures for your horses and fishing places. he wishes you to learn to farm and your children to go to a good school; and he now wants me to make a bargain with you, in which you will sell your lands and in return be provided all these things. – Isaac I. Stevens, 1854
The Europeans believed that they were superior to the Native Americans, therefore their relationship was lopsided. In the short story "Of Plymouth Plantation", the Europeans make a peace treaty with the Indian Chief Massosoit and his people. One of the terms in the peace treaty states that the Chief and his people are to not hurt any of the Pilgrims. This term does not include the Pilgrims do the same with the Indians making it one sided. The second term also excludes the Pilgrims as it states, " If any of his did hurt to any of theirs, he should send the offender, that they might punish him." These two terms made
In Frethorne's letter home to his parents, he draws a revealing picture of the deteriorating relations between the English settlers and the Indians that is consistent with the history of Jamestown in the period between the two attacks on the colony by the Powhatan chief Openchancanough. Both attacks were in retaliation for specific incidents of murder and depredation on the part of the English, but were responses, more generally, to English expansion into native lands and the resulting erosion of native life ways. The writer's candor about his own experience is compelling. He used vivid details to describe his discontent, deprivation, and discomfort. The small specifics of daily life (quantities and kinds of food, items of clothing, catalogs of implements) and the data of survival and death (lists of deceased colonists, trade and barter statistics, numerical estimates of enemy Indians and their military strength, itemized accounts of provisions, and rations...
“Pontiac, chief of the Ottawa Indians, is trying to take Detroit, and the neighboring Indian groups join in and help. They have become disenchanted with the French, plus the French aren’t really there anymore. They hate the English. They want their land back. Starting to succeed and the British negotiate and reach a settlement. In order to keep Pontiac happy, no settlement allowed in the Frontier region. An imaginary line is drawn down the Appalachian Mountains, colonist cannot cross it. This doesn’t last long, in 1768 & 1770, Colonists work with the Iroquois and Cherokee and succeed in pushing back the line and send in surveyors. Colonists begin to settle. So, despite this line, colonists push west anyway” (Griffin, PP4, 9/16/15). During the Revolutionary War, “Native Americans fought for both sides, but mostly for the British, thought they stood to be treated more fairly by British than colonists. Those that fought against the colonists were specifically targeted to be destroyed during battles. There were no Native American representatives at the treaty meetings at the end of the war” (Griffin, PP8, 9/21/15). Even the Native American’s thought of their women, because they believed “an American victory would have tragic consequences: their social roles would be dramatically changed and their power within their communities diminished” (Berkin,