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The effects and signs of psychological abuse
Theories of victimology
The effects and signs of psychological abuse
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Nils Christie’s theory on an idea victim consists of certain category’s that may vary for each victim(Christie (1986). From Christie’s theory it is said that the victim could be an old or young lady that has cared for her elderly sister, and if she has been hit on the head by a big man and he grabs her bag and uses the money for alcohol or drugs(Christie (1986). Attributes that Christie came up with is the victim is weaker than the ‘big and bad’ offender. In regards to the rape victim would be a young virgin on her way home from visiting sick relatives’ (Christie (1986). Sarah Cafferkey Beaten wives are not such ideal victims because males want power and dominance (Christie (1986). The development has taken place ‘because we have improved morally, not because we are becoming more kind but we are now so affluent that party’s can leave- divorce (Christie (1986). It is no longer acceptable to put up with a domestic beating or raping, however this was not the case for Sarah (Christie (1986). However; for Steven Hunter was jailed for life with no parole for murdering a young Melbourne wo...
QUESTION 1: Cecilia is a victim just as much as Robbie is. Was it important for her to share in the loss of innocence?
Generally, the study of crime mainly focused on the offender until quite recently. In fact, Shapland et al (1985) described the victim as ‘the forgotten man’ of the criminal justice system and ‘the non-person in the eyes of the professional participants’. A new perspective was brought with victimology, an expanding sub-discipline of crimin...
“Wife beating” was a prominent occurrence in Victorian times. It is socially acceptable and may be seen as a characteristic of the lower classes, but “wife beating” is prevalent in all classes. In William Montagu’s social investigation Round London: Down East and Up West, he tells of women in the hospital: “Sometimes as many as twelve or fourteen women may be seen seated in the receiving-room, waiting for their bruised and bleeding faces and bodies to be attended to […] In nine cases out of ten the injuries have been inflicted by brutal and perhaps drunken husbands” (Montagu). Many incidents of domestic violence in Victorian times are influenced by alcohol. But “wife beating” is present in all classes, not just the lower classes as Montagu portrays. Caroline Norton, a Victorian author in mid nineteenth century England, commonly writes of her husbands continuous “wife-beating.” Her husband being a member of parliament is obviously not lower class. Yet she writes of his “physical violence” towards her and how the servants restrain him from “inflicting serious damage” (Norton 1). Sir Pitt also beats his wife also even though he is considered upper class.
Victimology is the scientific study of the physical, emotional, and financial harm people suffer from illegal activities. A common struggle Victimologists face is determining who the victim is. In general, crimes don 't have an “ideal victim”. The term ideal victims refer to someone who receives the most sympathy from society (Christie, 2016). An example of this would be a hardworking, honest man who on his way to work, had his wallet taken by force. Most people in society would have sympathy for him. He spent his life making an honest living to earn what he has and was a victim of a robbery. Victimologists study the interactions victims have with criminals, society, and the criminal justice system (Karmen, 2015). According to (Karmen, 2015)
Representations of victims such as Allison Baden-Clay who was a regular mother, loving wife with kids can lead the public to assume only those who share her traits can be victims as well (Christie, 1986, p.19). Those who are incapable physically and have never done anything wrong in their life will be given the benefit of doubt and advantage in their case, in comparison to other victims different to them. This also overlooks the fact which asserts males are more likely to be assaulted and be victims of crime, which many are still not aware of (Australian Institute of Criminology, 2013). Therefore, the public will accept the stereotypes of the attributes a victim consists of, without being aware of the reality where anyone can be
Hindelang, Gottfredson, and Garofalo (1978) and the study done by Cohen and Felson (1979) stated that this theory along with The Routine Theory pushed that the actions of victims are what made them victims. Not to say that they asked for it but that they put themselves in a position to become one. It also worked out in future studies that the individual that changed or placed themselves in situations that were close to people who commit crimes or offenders and do not have the right kind of guardian or supervision will in a sense, make themselves a victim. The studies also take into consideration the old, the disabled, and the very young as victims that cannot control the variations of their routines. There are a number of variables in Carla’s story that bring her within the realm of crime. Her jogging at ten o’clock at night. Her drug use or the fact that her boyfriend sold drugs. The neighborhood he lived in. These are obviously elements that brought Carla closer to crime, if not too close. This to me is the most relevant theory in my studies. This explained completely why Carla became a victim. Her lifestyle helped facilitate her
One woman is killed each week by a current or former partner, with 90% of domestic violence victims being women (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2012, Personal Safety Survey, Cat. No. 4906.0, Canberra). On the Gold Coast, Teresa Bradford was stabbed to death by her estranged husband on Tuesday the 28th February this year. The husband was on bail after strangling and choking Teresa, with her not knowing of his release early February. David Bradford stabbed and bashed Teresa with David later killing himself. The couple’s four children were home at the time, with them watching the incident. Police recommended Teresa and children seek refuge in a safe home but didn’t go through with it, as she thought David was in jail. Anti-violence campaigner Rosie Batty says that “police should have told her (Teresa) that David was seeking release…. this horrific crime should result in mandatory bail notifications for all domestic violence victims, and she said a very vulnerable woman had been failed by the justice system” (Ferrier, 2017, Courier Mail). Queensland needs to change bail laws, to stop dangerous domestic violence perpetrators being released. Teresa Bradford was let down by the Queensland courts, with it being a case that can’t be
In hal sirowitz poem “why the victim is better” srowitz creates the central idea that the mother wants to see a change from her son. In the poem, the mother states that the son should play the instrument that helps them get along.” Play in harmony with the other instrument like the trombone which will help you get along better with me”(Hal Sirawitz) The mother is trying to make a change, but she doesn’t feel like her son is on the same page. She believes that he so should stop with his foolishness and start caring. She compared the drum to the violin, which gives a better presentation.” it’ll teach you how to dress. You’ll have to wear a suit or a tuxedo.” A tuxedo shows profession, which is what people who play the violin wear.
Walker, Lenore. “Battered Wives, Battered Justice.” Cited by Gerald Caplan. National Review. February 25, 1991.
The United States has a long history of domestic violence. Nearly six million American women will be battered by their spouses every year (United Way, 1998). Tradition gives men the right to control their family including their wife. Violence
The statement sardonically mocked the neutralisation of Turner’s offences in immediate news coverage. She compared her rape to a car accident, suggesting perhaps the car liked being hit in the same way that people neutralise sex crimes by suggesting perhaps the victim “wanted it”. The victim statement refuted aspects of Turner’s statement that he’d explained away with intoxication. She stated he never planned to take her to his room and that he told detectives that he didn’t know how they got behind a dumpster; both aspects of the night that, in his own statement, he’d attributed to drunken excitement and clumsiness rather than calculated choices. Victim blaming is a documented form of neutralisation, particularly when the woman is a victim such as in this case. Turner’s victim stated that because she was unconscious and thus couldn’t remember the assault, the jury would only have his word to go on and that he would say he was confused and not take the blame. The statement also mocked Turner’s “learned” behaviours. The Differential Association that taught him a party with girls and alcohol meant sex failed to teach him to help a person up if they fall over from intoxication rather trying to have sex with them on the ground. Victims of violent and sex crimes are the reason that
Throughout history, domestic violence has been prominent; Wife beating became an issue in 736 B.C, when men were beating their wives as a form of punishment. “Early settlers in America based their laws on an Old-English common-law that explicitly permits wife-beating for correctional purposes. The states tried to break away from that law by saying that the husband is only allowed to whip his wife with a switch no bigger than his thumb.” (icadvinc.com). In 1866 the first organizations made to help battered women was The American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty of Animals and The Society for the Prevention of Cruelty of Children. Alabama was the first state to rescind the right to beat your wife in 1871, but Maryland was the first state to make a law that gave a punishment to any husband that beat their wife in 1882. In addition, in 1867 the state of Maine was one of the first states to open up a shelter for battered women. In the 1950’s women were able to rise up because of all the change that was going on with the civil rights movement, and anti-war campai...
Man charged with the rape of 31 women in New York! Ever caught the headline of a crime that occurred and wondered how a person could possibly commit such a heinous act against another person? This is the job of a criminologist. To study crimes, criminals, victims, environmental and social factors, etc. in order to come up with theories and reasons as to why people commit acts against others (Brotherton). Criminology is not a new concept, but it is an evolving one. For this reason many theories have derived from sociologist and psychologist as to why crimes are committed, who commits them, and other the factors that played a role. Take for instance the crime rape. Rape is an unwanted sexual act performed upon another individual by force, deception or while under the influence of a substance. While most rape victims are known to be women, this crime has been expanded to include rape against a man or a person of the same sex. Rape is not an easy concept to deal with, nor is dealing with a rapist. For the purpose of this paper, rape will be explained by three theories, biological, psychological and rational choice theory, all of which criminologist have deemed are fitting of the crime.
Just under half a million Australian women reported that they had experienced physical or sexual violence or sexual assault. Women that are personally victimized by domestic violence become emotionally unstable and they are unable to cope with certain situations. Many think that it is their fault because they think they’ve done something wrong to cause their spouse attack them. However, women aren’t the only victims when it comes to domestic violence; men are victims too. The majority of violence against men is committed by other men. Of men who reported that they had experienced physical violence, 73.7% said that the perpetrator was a male, but that doesn’t mean women don’t abuse males just as much. Women are much more sympathised than men when it comes to domestic violence. People just assume that if a male is getting physically or emotionally abused, they’re a wimp and can’t fight for themselves. Whereas if a women was the victim, people automatically blame the abuser. At least one in three victims of some type of domestic violence is
“One woman is beaten by her husband or partner every 15 seconds in the United States” (Stewart & Croudep, 1998-2012). Domestic violence can interfere with the husband-wife relationship because one spouse is always in constant fear of the other. This violence could vary from physical abuse to ps...