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Examine the contribution of Martin Luther to the rise of Protestant Reformation in Europe
The causes and effects of reformation
The effects of reformation
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Recommended: Examine the contribution of Martin Luther to the rise of Protestant Reformation in Europe
History 23 ML # 2
Last lesson we closed with Martin Luther and his conflict with the teaching of his church on works and some other doctrine issues. today we pick up with some of the issues that he dealt with.
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We have on two different occasions visited Wittenberg, once when it was in East Germany and the last time it was when it became part of unified Germany. The main reason for our visit was to see the Castle and study the reformation on site.
Wittenberg castle/church
According to Roman Catholicism, once a person is baptized and his original sin is removed, he must perform good works because they are also necessary for salvation. (CCC 2068).
(It goes on to say) Good works are necessary because
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Accordance with Catholic teaching is a place of temporal punishment for those who, departing this life in God 's grace, (after baptism) are, not entirely free from venial sins. Venial, sins (all sins are not the same).
Venial sins are, a serious, grave or mortal sin is the knowing and willful violation of God 's law in a serious matter, for example, idolatry, adultery, murder, slander.
Indulgence In Catholic Doctrine,
In Martin Luther’s time the sale of Indulgence became so bad that Priest would sell to the rich for lifetime, money was used to build St Peters Basilica. In Rome and some pocketed the money.
Years later the church acknowledges the abuse and condemned what happened.
One day a priest came to town beating a drum, offering indulgence for sale, Luther said I will put a hole in his drum.
Bishop DiMarzio, reports that in recent months, dioceses around the world have been offering Catholics a spiritual benefit that fell out of favor decades ago — the indulgence, a sort of amnesty from punishment in the afterlife — and reminding them of the church’s way of mitigating the wages of
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In exchange for certain prayers, devotions or pilgrimages in special years, a Catholic can receive an indulgence, which reduces or erases in purgatory.
Penitence. A sacrament administered by priest to forgive your sin and often required to perform some kind of works.
According to (CCC 980).
“This sacrament of Penance is necessary for salvation for those who have fallen after Baptism, just as Baptism is necessary for salvation for those who have not yet been reborn,”
Absolution
Absolution is a traditional theological term for the forgiveness experienced in the sacrament. This takes place at infant baptism. REQUIRED FOR SALVATION
By Thomas Williamson
His theses on Catholic Beliefs
Recorded in the Encyclopedia Of Catholic Faith.
The Catholic Doctrine on Salvation.
The Catholic Church believes that salvation must be attained by both faith and works, and that baptism is necessary for
The practice of selling indulgences became under attack from a monk named Martin Luther in the early 1500’s. Indulgences were used as a means by many church officials to add to their wealth and prestige. By buying an indulgence, one was released for all sin and acceptance into Heaven guaranteed. Luther argued that no one needed to buy admission into Heaven. He believed that people could obtain salvation thru their faith and actions alone. The authority of the Pope was also challenged by Luther believing that religious matters needed to be resolved through the words of the Bible and not an individual’s decision. All of this was set down in Luther’s 95 Thesis that he posted on the Church door in Wittenberg, Germany ("The Reformation Video").
Kittelson effectively composed the book and created the biography to be an interesting look into the life of Martin Luther. His successful usage of primary source documents and information compounded with his personal literary explanation of Luther’s journey toward reformation and peace with God. Kittelson’s book is not without humor either, he includes direct quotes and dialogue between Luther and Zwingli debating the Lord’s Supper. The insults and demonstrative behavior show Luther as he was, a reformer, who wished to convince others of the power of the gospel. This engaging study is both informative and engaging. Luther the Reformer is a good biography for anyone interested in Martin Luther’s life and interested in learning more about why his journey impacted not only the Roman church then, but the entirety of the Christian Church to this
Martin Luther was not fond of the practices the Roman Catholic church of indulgences. Indulgences are a practice where worshippers would pay their priest which granted remission for their sins (“Indulgences."). This practice became increasingly corrupt. In the 95 Theses, Luther, became prominent in the Protestant Reformation due to its humble and academic tone (A&E Television Networks, LLC.). For example, in the second theses he states, “The word cannot be properly understood as referring to the sacrament of penance, i.e. confession and satisfaction, as administered by the clergy.” This means that only god can give salvation, not a priest. He is questioning why we must pay to re...
To construct Saint Peters Basilica, Archbishop Albert borrowed money from the Fuggers (wealthy banking family). To pay for this loan Pope Leo X gave permission to Archbishop Albert to sell indulgences in Germany. An indulgence is a way to reconcile with God, by confessing your sins to a priest and perform a penance. By the later Middle Ages people believed that indulgence removed all their sins and ensured entry to heaven. The selling of indulgence troubled Luther, he thought people were ignorant to believe that they didn’t have to repent after they bought an indulgence.
Martin Luther’s witnessing of the sale of indulgences changed him. The idea that a piece of paper signed by the Pope could justify the sins of the living was enough to infuriate him. But the claim was that an indulgence could also free someone from purgatory. Martin Luther dug deeper than the original Augustinian view “impelled by the urgent problem of indulgences.” The Bib...
In 1517, when reformist Martin Luther wrote an indictment of the abuses of the Roman Catholic Church called the 95 Theses, he appealed to many people across Europe. In his indictment he greatly criticized and addressed the selling of indulgences above all. At first, a person would have to do “work of satisfaction” like fasting, prayer, almsgiving, retreats and pilgrimages in return for an indulgence. But when the empire was in need of money to fight off the Ottoman Empire and rebuild St. Peter’s in Rome, the pope allowed indulgences to be sold for money where he would receive half the proceeds and the other half would go to funding. This is when Luther was even more angered by the selling of indulgences since he already believed that salvation could not be obtained by man’s own effort, but more the fact that man would be saved only if God willed it. It was that event that prompted the German monk to post his ideas and beliefs as the 95 Theses and address the abuse of selling indulgences in it.
Christ, as the ultimate sacrifice in Christianity, gave his own life for the benefit of others. His self-sacrifice continues to this day to be celebrated in the Catholic Mass. Through communion, or receiving the Eucharist, one is able to actively partake of the fruits of that sacrifice. But how does one follow Jesus’ example? One surely cannot strive for the same kind of physical death that Jesus experienced. Thus, practice of another form of self-sacrifice becomes necessary.
distinguish themselves from those who are not baptized; but is also a signal which points to the act of regeneration encompassing being born anew. In addition, the baptism of children is
This corruption took the forms of actions by the Catholic Church such as: the selling of Indulgences for money as a means of attaining salvation, the buying/selling of Church relics (Simony), and the placement of poorly trained people in positions because they knew employers (Nepotism). Luther had also come to believe that the Catholic Church was wrong in their ideas and beliefs. In 1517, Luther posted his 95 theses which expressed his beliefs and thoughts on the corruption of the church, demanding the Catholic Church to reform. He wrote about “sola gratia” as the justification of sinful humankind “by grace… (as) the gift of God” (Ephesians 2:8). He expressed his thoughts on “salvation through faith in Christ” (2 Timothy 3:14-4:2) as “sola fide”, opposed to the catholic belief of salvation through faith and good
A philosopher named Augustine helps to clear up the controversy over infant baptism being right or wrong. Augustine raises the issue that, the apostolic creed states that there is “one baptism for the forgiveness of sins.” Since the creed presents this then the church followed that infant baptism remitted original sin.
In the Nicene Creed, the following passage alludes to the requirement of Baptism for the forgiveness of sins, and thus salvation “We believe in one holy catholic and apostolic church. We acknowledge one baptism for the forgiveness of sins. [72]” As a whole the Lutheran Churches teach that baptism is a requirement for salvation. The Lutheran Churches condemn those that reject Baptism for discipleship, and the AnaBaptist view that Baptism is not required for salvation, or that the Baptism of Children is wrong, as an infant cannot have faith, knowledge, or belief in any saviour, let along the Saviour of the Cross, Jesus our Lord. Quoted from the Book of Concord, Article IX, the defense of the Augsburg Confession, is this doctrinal statement on Baptism: “The Ninth Article has been approved, in which we confess that Baptism is necessary to salvation, and that children are to be baptized, and that the baptism of children is not in vain, but is necessary and effectual to salvation.
Therefore, since “shall be saved” is the equivalent of “remission of sins,” it necessarily follows that ‘calling on the name of the Lord’ includes both repentance and baptism.
Introduction In the Christian faith there are many beliefs and acts for the baptized Catholic to follow, such acts consist of the sacraments, for which there are seven. Many people believe that of all the Sacraments, the Sacrament of Reconciliation is one of the most complex and difficult to understand. Those who approach the Sacrament, are able to obtain pardon from God for the offenses committed against him, this enables them to be reconciled with the Church, which they wounded by their sins. The Catechism of the Catholic Church states that it is called the Sacrament of Reconciliation because it “imparts to the sinner the life of God who reconciles.”
Wueri in his pastoral letter to the faithful in his diocese, he asserts, “We are not left to our own devices.” For the simple reason that the effect of Adam’s sin into the world, such as death, disharmony, confusion, disruption and struggle; Jesu through the sacraments restores harmony and gives us newness of life in grace (3). Just as we consult the doctor in illness, eat food when hungry, go to school to acquire knowledge, the priest in the sacrament of penance gives us instructions and absolution to renews our souls. If you insist on asking mercy from God directly, you are also saying that you will pray to god to nourish you physically when you are hungry. In all aspect of our life, we need others. Our relationship with God is vertical and horizontal not only horizontal. The confessional is like spiritual counseling as compared to psychological counseling for someone who is emotionally over
During the ceremony the child also receives the Holy Spirit, through the laying of hands a symbolic presence of security is depicted with blessings given. The process of washing or being anointed with water is believed to be powerful. Many Christians see baptism as a practice done in obedience to the commands of Christ, as stated in the New Testament in Matthew 28:19-20 (New International Version); “go and make disciples of all the nations, baptising them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit”. Baptism is an act of individual repentance and the washing away of sin;