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Strengths And Weakness Of Functionalism
Strengths And Weakness Of Functionalism
Strengths And Weakness Of Functionalism
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Lucky’s Dream, a novel by Butch Mandatta Ponzio, begins with a prologue which, at first, cast a veil of confusion. This veil was somewhat lifted as I read further and began to piece together the foreshadowing presented in the prologue. Once I finished reading Part One: Waiting, I went back and reread the prologue, which cleared some of the confusion. It was then that I began to wonder if the “pup” from the prologue was in fact Jimmy. I question the meaning of “You shall fly between worlds. The world of the foolish People with little memory shall be your home, while the world of the Story shall be your salvation” (Ponzio, 1999). Could this possibly mean that if Jimmy is in the “pup” Coyote the Trickster refers to, then is he able to understand …show more content…
Eric Landrum, we are provided with two theories for Lucky’s behavior. One possible explanation is provided by G. Stanley Hall, a contributor of the founding of functionalism. His “interests highlight the functioning of consciousness, and how it allows us to adopt and survive in our environment” (Landrum, n.d.). The second is provided by John B. Watson, who described behaviorism, a new approach to psychology. A strong believer of extreme environmentalism, Watson believed “that the situations and context that a person grows up in totally shape how the person behaves” (Landrum, n.d.). Therefore, is mimicking the behavior of a dog and referring to himself with a name commonly used for dogs, Donald Allen Hall’s way of adopting and surviving his environment? Or did his environment forge his dog-like behavior and …show more content…
I can remember standing in aww as I watched the judge, prosecution, and the defense attempt to secure a facility with a vacancy to hold a defendant who was awaiting a psychological evaluation. This situation was all too familiar to the one depicted in Lucky’s Dream: Part One: Waiting. As stated in the VPR Broadcast, State Of Mind: Mental Health & Corrections: Is Incarceration an Alternative to Psychiatric Treatment by Jane Lindholm, “For people who have been charged but not yet convicted of a crime…These are people who have been court-ordered to undergo psychiatric evaluation…Right now, the Brattleboro Retreat takes that population. But frequently, they 're not going to the Brattleboro Retreat because the Retreat is full. So they 're stuck in jail instead” (Lindholm, 2013, October 21). How are we supposed to treat those defendants, such as Lucky, when we don’t have an understanding of who they are, where they come from, and the path that led them to that court room? For those who are like Lucky, if we treat them like another defendant, one who does not suffer from a psychological issue, how will they fair in our correctional system? By placing them with the general population, we are leaving our correctional facilities with inmates whom they do not have the training or
In the book Crazy in America by Mary Beth Pfeiffer, she illustrated examples of what people with mental illness endure every day in their encounters with the criminal justice system. Shayne Eggen, Peter Nadir, Alan Houseman and Joseph Maldonado are amongst those thousands or more people who are view as suspected when in reality they are psychotic who should be receiving medical assistance instead, of been thrown into prison. Their stories also show how our society has failed to provide some of its most vulnerable citizens and has allowed them to be treated as a criminals. All of these people shared a common similarity which is their experience they went through due to their illness.
Today, prisons are the nation’s primary providers of mental health care, and some do a better job than others. Pete Earley focuses his research on the justice system in Miami, Florida. He documents how the city’s largest prison has only one goal for their mentally ill prisoners: that they do not kill themselves. The prison has no specialized
What are dreams? Dreams are a series of thoughts, images, and sensations occurring in a person's mind during sleep. They could be thoughts someone has during the day. Maybe they help a person achieve their goals in life. For example, maybe you dream to become an astronomer so that one day you can go to the International Space Station. Dreams have many significant meanings behind them. Ernest Buckler, a very talented author, uses text to develop a great idea about pursuing one's dream. Buckler uses the symbolism of a penny, the theme of a father-son relationship, and he uses motivation to uncover hidden fantasies to develop an idea about pursuing one's dreams'. In "Penny in the Dust" by Ernest Buckler, it is important to understand that sometimes in life meaningless and insignificant objects could be worth more than a treasure for a person. Treasure that could change a relationship between two people.
Have you ever encountered that a distinct, spectral whisper keeps revolving around you? Actually, this plot was presented on a movie called “Field of Dreams”, filmed in 1989. In the movie, such an odd thing happened to the young man, Ray. More ridiculous is that Ray decided to follow the instructions given by the spectral voice, even though he was on the edge of bankruptcy, whereas most of us are afraid of pursuing or following our yearning hearts, eventually, no chance to regret.
Jails as Mental Hospitals. A joint report of the National Alliance for the Mentally Ill and
A New Kind of Dreaming is a novel written by Anthony Eaton, about a teenage boy, Jamie Riley, being referred to rural Western Australia where, he meets new friends, enemies and also discovers a shocking secret about the towns head police officer. The pressure to find out the secret puts Jamie in a great deal of trouble, from being frightened by the police, blamed for a fire and vandalism offences and even going missing in the desert. The characters have authority or are defenceless.
Metzner, J. L., & Fellner, J. (2010). Solitary Confinement and Mental Illness in U.S. Prisons: A Challenge for Medical Ethics. The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 38(1), 104-108.
The United States has the highest incarceration rate in the world and of that over sixty percent of jail inmates reported having a mental health issue and 316,000 of them are severely mentally ill (Raphael & Stoll, 2013). Correctional facilities in the United States have become the primary mental health institutions today (Adams & Ferrandino, 2008). This imprisonment of the mentally ill in the United States has increased the incarceration rate and has left those individuals medically untreated and emotionally unstable while in jail and after being released. Better housing facilities, medical treatment and psychiatric counseling can be helpful in alleviating their illness as well as upon their release. This paper will explore the increasing incarceration rate of the mentally ill in the jails and prisons of the United States, the lack of medical services available to the mentally ill, the roles of the police, the correctional officers and the community and the revolving door phenomenon (Soderstrom, 2007). It will also review some of the existing and present policies that have been ineffective and present new policies that can be effective with the proper resources and training. The main objective of this paper is to illustrate that the criminalization of the mentally ill has become a public health problem and that our policy should focus more on rehabilitation rather than punishment.
Today’s correctional institutions, policy makers, and supreme courts still continue to ignore the studies displaying the psychological effects of prisons. For example, in recent case challenges against the eighth amendment over solitary confinement have rarely succeeded. This is due to the regulation that conditions must deprive prisoners of at least one identifiable human physical need to be declared unconstitutional. Studies have shown that depriving proper mental stimulus results in extreme mental harm, but because it’s not physical damage courts rarely recognize the extreme mental harm in conditions retaining to confinement. Many court cases related to the psychological damages were inspired by the famous Stanford Prison Experiment that
In the article “The Mentally Ill Are Mishandled by the Justice System”, Shannon explains how there are approximately 3000 mentally ill inmates in a prison who are unjustfuly sent there. Many mental illnesses are cause by post traumatic experiences such as being abused as a child or being sexually abused as a child. She also explains how many times judges and officers do not fully understand why mentally ill people do what they do, therefore they misunderstand the person’s actions and send them.
Thousands of people statewide are in prisons, all for different reasons. However, the amount of mental illness within prisons seems to go unaddressed and ignored throughout the country. This is a serious problem, and the therapy/rehabilitation that prison systems have do not always help those who are mentally ill. Prison involvement itself can contribute to increased suicide (Hills, Holly). One ‘therapy’ that has increased throughout the years has been the use of solitary confinement, which has many negative effects on the inmates.
Prior to taking this course, I generally believed that people were rightly in prison due to their actions. Now, I have become aware of the discrepancies and flaws within the Criminal Justice system. One of the biggest discrepancies aside from the imprisonment rate between black and white men, is mental illness. Something I wished we covered more in class. The conversation about mental illness is one that we are just recently beginning to have. For quite a while, mental illness was not something people talked about publicly. This conversation has a shorter history in American prisons. Throughout the semester I have read articles regarding the Criminal Justice system and mental illness in the United States. Below I will attempt to describe how the Criminal Justice system fails when they are encountered by people with mental illnesses.
Several states authorize police officers to arrest mentally ill people who have not broken any law. It is argued that this process is a way to promote public order. Hospitals also transfer mentally ill patients to jail in order to deal with the overflow. It is not uncommon for children to be confined to criminal detention centers because there is a lack of facilities for severely mentally ill children. Relying on the criminal justice systems to be surrogate mental health systems conflicts with the basic notions of justice. (Aufderheide,
We as a society have been forced to think that everyone in jail deserves what they get, we over look the fact that some have a mental illness that they can’t control over their actions .Taken all we have learned, this information has let me see what goes on, not only in jail, but in society. In this article it talks about people who have mental illness being treated improperly in jail and the rate of suicides is high do to the fact that people are not able to care for himself and feel that they do not belong there. When looking at videos in class I was able to understand why some people do what, some people hurt others and themselves without their control. The main issue of the article is that people with mental illnesses are being sent to jail for crimes that they may not have control over as they are sent to jail they are treated inappropriate by other inmates and guards that don't know how to handle them. The fact that some inmates ha...
Dreams are series of thoughts, images, and sensations occurring in a person’s mind during sleep. Dreams occur during a certain stage of sleep known as REM. Several different psychologists, including Freud and Hobson, have studied dreams. Psychologists have provided many theories as to what dreams are and the meanings behind them.