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Essays on social learning theory
Gang violence sociology
Essays on social learning theory
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The CNN Documentary “Homicide in Hollenbeck” described several criminal issues that have affected the Hollenbeck community. The documentary focused on the life of a gang member and recruitment of juveniles within the community. Criminological issues discussed in the documentary includes gang and gun violence, drug sales, homicide and vandalism. Interviews were conducted of personal experiences and opinions on neighborhood issues with members of a notorious gang known as White-Fence gang, police officers and family members who lost their loved ones in the hands of gang violence. In my opinion, the social learning theory adequately explains the examples of criminal behavior portrayed in the CNN documentary. Social learning theory was shown through …show more content…
In an interview with Keke, a member of the White-Fence gang he stated, “we don’t let nobody come in our neighborhood and be messing with the people’s cars and breaking in their houses, if we see somebody trying to do that, yeah were going to get them”, this statement shows how Keke justifies harming others in order to protect their neighborhood. Keke disguises his motives in a rational and logical manner to avoid the true explanation to his real intentions. These justifications are challenged by Hollenbeck police officers as they explained that the “ultimate sacrifice could be death or a beating, but ultimately death” in which the true meaning behind “were going to get them” usually involves gun violence. In other words, anyone outside their territory that comes to their neighborhood is risking their life and safety. Additional definitions of crime such as motive and drive is explained in the documentary when the narrator states, “for gang’s it’s all about territory claiming it, keeping it and taking more, for status and practical …show more content…
Community troubles include drive by shootings and territory turf wars. Trouble within the Hollenbeck community was due to gang violence by the White-Fence gang towards witnesses cooperating with police. In my opinion, the death of a homeless man who was cooperating with police showed the trouble within the community when a gang member shot the victim several times in the head and back. The gang’s motive to commit the homicide act must have been weighted as favorable and necessary in order to protect their own members. On the other hand, police viewed this homicide as “overkill” in order for the gang to send out a message to the community and show that they are tough and dangerous. Excitement according to Keke is the adrenaline rush he feels with pain he endures while fighting or committing a
On top of this, phrases such as “niggers die,” “go home coons” and “kkk” marked on the walls. This causes the team to pack up their things and get on the bus early to get to their next destination in Seattle. On the bus David Lattin tells a story about how when he was a kid a white gang strung him out over a fire escape. He then goes on to say that this moment is different. That this moment is
Geoffrey Canada gives his readers a rare opportunity to look inside the life of a ghetto kid and what they have to go through just to survive. He also provides answers to the many questions asked of why certain things happen the way they do in the Bronx. He used his childhood experiences and turned them into a unique tool when helping the youth of today. Now that he works as a youth councilor he sees that the problem in the slums has gotten dramatically worse with the emergence of guns. It used to be about pride and status, now any thug with a gun can be feared in the community. This, to Canada is a major problem because guns gives kids a sense of power, a strong feeling that is often abused and results in someone, even an innocent person dead.
Jumped in by Jorja Leap is an autobiographical book about the experiences of a UCLA professor’s struggle to understand the lifestyle of gangs, and to figure out a way to end gang violence. Jorja Leap is an outsider looking at these communities from an intellectual sociological point of view, but she also has her personal biases shown. She stated in the book she is similar to an anthropologist, committing research specifically on gangs to comprehend their motivations. Her research leads her to interact with individuals that were or are affected by gang violence, whether they were the culprit or the victim. A large amount of the individuals she interviewed also want to end gang violence. These people know the negative effects that it has had on their communities and the suffering that it causes. These
While reading the case about Mr.Hossack 's murder i saw the wife, Mrs.Hossack, as innocent at first. The children all claimed that the two did not argue for over a year, so why would she kill him now verses a year ago? When the youngest child, Ivan Hossack, came to the stand and "told his story in a straight, unhesitating manner" it made it easier for me to believe in Mrs. Hossack 's innocence. The child even said that he saw his mother aiding his father when he called out for help. If she had been the one to swing the axe, why would she help him and risk getting in trouble? Most importantly, if he was conscious and talking, why wouldn 't he say who to murderer was? He could have easily identified his wife in the dark after being married for over twenty years, and yet he didn 't identify who had tried to kill him. Dr. Dean first stated that the axe did not hit the speech portion of the brain, so he could have been conscious and yelling out for his wife. Dean later stated that the fatal blow from the axe would have left Mr.Hossack unconscious. The murder weapon had blood on in and apparent hairs stuck to one side; "Prof. John L. Tilton of Simpson college... was unable to say definitely that the hair had been
The first chapter of Policing Gangs in America is entitled, “Studying the Police Response to Gangs.” The primary purpose of the chapter is to establish how police agencies; Inglewood, Las Vegas, Albuquerque and Phoenix in specific, respond to gang problems in their respective areas. This chapter served as an introduction, giving a brief history of gang-related policing, how the public and media see the gang problem, research studies done regarding gangs and the recent declaration to shift away from suppression-oriented strategies as a result of overly aggressive actions toward citizens. Examples of this misconduct are given in the forms of gang units from Las Vegas, Chicago and Houston.
Murder at the Margin is a murder mystery involving various economic concepts. The story takes place in Cinnamon Bay Plantation on the Virgin Island of St. John. It is about Professor Henry Spearman, an economist from Harvard. Spearman organizes an investigation of his own using economic laws to solve the case.
...pported by evidence and interviews.The use of various perspectives was more affective and made the viewer truly understand the effect gangs have on the neighborhood and the people of the neighborhood. I think the documentary should have included a roundtable discussion amongst those interviewed. It would have been more powerful to see the current gang member, priest, and police officer debate the better methods for handling the gang activity in the area. It would have showcased a greater learning aspect and potential for a possible brighter future for Hollenbeck. Homicide in Hollenbeck is a useful tool to explain the broad aspects of gang activity. While, it does not delve too deep into the causes or solution, it does adequately represent the happenings in neighborhoods all over the country akin to Hollenbeck and the toll it has on the people of those communities.
When horrific crimes occur in large cities, many of them can be chalked up to gang violence or to the larger population of that specific city. But when horrific crimes happen in small cities like Lincoln, Nebraska, people begin to ask questions like who did this and why. In 1958, a nineteen year old man named Charles Starkweather put the entire state of Nebraska and possibly the entire nation in a state of terror. With his murder spree taking only three days, Starkweather had collected a body count of ten bodies, including two teenagers and a young child. Understanding Starkweather’s past and state of mind begins to answer the second question of why.
Social learning theory was first developed by Robert L. Burgess and Ronald L Akers in 1966 (Social Learning theory, 2016). In 1973, Akers wrote a book entitled Deviant Behaviour: A Social Learning Approach, which discussed Aker’s conception of the social learning theory. He developed social learning theory by extending Sutherland’s theory of differential association (Cochran & Sellers, 2017). Social learning theory is based on the principles of Pavlov’s operant and classical conditioning. Akers believes that crime is like any other social behavior because it is learned through social interaction (Social Learning theory, 2016). Social learning theory states that the probability of an individual committing a crime or engaging in criminal behaviour is increased when they differentially associate with others who commit criminal behavior (Cochran & Sellers, 2017). Social learning theory is classified as a general theory of crime, and has been used to explain many types of criminal behaviour (Social Learning theory, 2016). Furthermore, social learning theory is one of the most tested contemporary theories of crime. There are four fundamental components of social learning theory; differential association, definitions, differential reinforcement and imitation (Social Learning theory,
This documentary takes place in Newark, New Jersey. One of the most crime filled cities in the United States. Murder, drugs, and gangs fill this city. Many police officers work hard to keep their city safe and others for other intentions. This documentary shows how the police work, their tactics, and the reality of how police officers are working with the community.
Through Social Learning Theory, an individual can be studied based on the behavior acquired by a role model. Verbal conditioning procedures and observation influences the response to an individual’s personality. Environment factors contribute to the Social Learning Theory. Antisocial model is a major contribute to crime, which influences negative characteristics. The Social Leaning Theory has three core social concepts the must be followed: observational learning, intrinsic reinforcement and modeling process.
Gang involvement has been quite higher than past years. The 2008 National Youth Gang Survey estimates that about 32.4 percent of all cities, suburban areas, towns, and rural counties had a gang problem (Egley et al., 2010). This represented a 15 percent increase from the year 2002. The total number of gangs has also increased by 28 percent and total gang members have increased by 6 percent (Egley et al., 2010). This shows how relevant gang related activity is in today’s society. More locations are beginning to experience gang activity for the first time. Gang crime has also been on the rise in the past...
“Murder on a Sunday Morning” directed by the documentary filmmaker Jean-Xavier de Lestrade, is a documentary film based on the false conviction of an innocent 15-year-old black African-American teenager, Brendon Butler, who got arrested when he was on his way to a job interview. The case originated from the assassination of a tourist from Georgia, Mary Ann Stephens, who at the time of the incident was 65 years old and was shot dead while she was on vacation in Jacksonville, Florida in May of 2000 with her husband. This film emphasizes multiple errors made by the police and witness during the arrest and trial of Brendon. Also displays the erroneous eyewitness identification, the non-orthodox interrogations, moreover the false confession written
82% of the homicides in Chicago in 1967 occurred as a result of altercations-domestic, money, liquor, etc.-precisely the situa- tions where the intention is more apt to be ambiguous rather than single-minded. Third, a comparison of victims of homicide with victims of serious assaults, with respect to their race and sex, shows: Victims of homicides and victims of serious assaults are distributed quite similarly by race and sex among the population and differ substantially in these characteristics from the Chicago population as a whole. (See Table 3.) Next, it should be noted that only 30% of the victims of fatal gunshot attacks in 1967 were wounded by more than one shot. While data are not available on the number of shots fired, it may be readily assumed that the majority of the 70%/ of single wound homicides occurred in situations where the attacker did not exhaust the multiple shot capacity of his firearm. Finally, in 54% of the situations which led to homicide in 1967, the police noted that the offender or the victim or both had been drinking prior to the homicidal attack. This figure probably does not include a number of situations in which the police officer was unable to determine whether intoxicants were involved ( Frank Z., 1968).
Social learning theory assumes that criminal behavior is similar to any human behavior. It can be learned through a socialization process, which occurs when interacting with other individuals or social institutions. The duration, frequency and content of this social interaction leads to shaping people’s attitudes and behaviors towards legal codes. Ronald Akers supports differential association as a significant part of his revised social learning theory that attempts to explain deviance. However, he incorporates additional elements, such as differential reinforcement, imitations, and definitions. In the movie, Training Day, the trainee Officer Jake Hoyt needs to do prove himself and impress Commanding Officer Alonzo Harris in order to obtain