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Observational learning theory paper
Short note on observational learning
Short note on observational learning
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The purpose of this concept map is to examine the developmental processes in Shellie (Shell) the protagonist from Green Days by the River by Michael Anthony. The concept map explores how developmental concepts, philosophies and/or theories are related to Shell. It examines how Shell’s environment contribute to his development and how innate factors affected who he has become. To begin, a concept map is an organized tool for representing knowledge. It includes concepts and the relationships between them indicated by a connecting line from one concept to another. The words on the linking line between the two concepts are referred to as linking words or phrases which specify the relationship between the two concepts. Green Days by the River written …show more content…
Parent Effects refers to the ways in which parents influence the behaviour and development of their children. This concept is evident in Shellie’s development throughout the novel and is also linked to other developmental concepts in his concept map. Shellie’s father severe illness has put a financial strain on the family, which caused Shellie to seek employment at a young age to help provide for his family. Because of this situation, Shellie was influenced into getting a job to help his mother provide for the family. This independent stance by Shellie indicates the concept of maturation from Erikson’s fifth stage of development identity vs role …show more content…
Gidharee’s daughter Rosalie which influenced Shellie to change his perspective on life and future. This arranged marriage is the consequence for sleeping with Rosalie which is one of the developmental trajectory path. From this developmental trajectory, Shellie’s perspective of life and his family changed and begin working towards providing from his mother and soon to be wife. Shellie got a job picking cocoa with his neighbour Mr. Gidharee where, through the concept of observational learning he would have acquired the harvesting skills needed to carry out his job. Shellie learned the harvesting skills by observing Mr. Gidharee the model according to (Bandura, 1961) working in the plantation fields. For the concept of observational learning to take place, Shellie would have had to pay attention to Mr. Gidharee’s behaviour and then mimic it to
Erickson’s Theory has 8 stages (Schriver, 2011). The following text will give the developmental crisis of each stage and relate it to Shannon’s life personally. In Erikson’s Theory developmental crisis “did not mean an impending catastrophe as much as it meant “a turning point, a crucial period of increased vulnerability and heightened potential”” (Schriver, 2011). The first stage of Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages of Development is Trust vs. mistrust (0-1 year) and its crisis is “in establishing trust” (Schriver, 2011). Shannon had developed trust early on in her life due to the loving, caring, and nurturing home she grew up in. She had a sense of physical comfort which eliminated fear and allowed trust. The second stage is Autonomy vs. shame (1-3 years) and the crisis is “parental restrictions vs. autonomy” (Schriver, 2011). Growing up Shannon started learning to walk at 11 months which is a normal age for children to emerge into that. Due to her parents being supportive, it allowed Shannon to start exploring her curiosities and still be loved while doing so. The third stage is Initiative vs. guilt (3-6 years) and the crisis is “in taking initiative without experiencing guilt” (Schriver, 2011). This again correlates to the supportiveness of Shannon’s parents which allows her to be her own person and encourages her to experience her life in her own way. The fourth stage is Industry vs. inferiority (6-12 years) and the crisis is “in striving for competence” (Schriver, 2011). Shannon had a great group of friends growing up and that gave her the inclusion she needed to feel equal to her peers and not inferior to anyone. The fifth stage is Identity vs. role confusion and the crisis is “uncertainty about the future and the child’s role in it” (Schriver, 2011). At this time in Shannon’s life she had already strengthened her hope (trust), will, purpose, and
Human development is a highly complex lifelong process. Identity is a self-definition or sense of who one is, where one is going, and how one fits into society. It relates to our basic values that dictates the choices we make in life. It is considered that identity formation is a means of finding oneself, by matching one’s talent with available social roles. Crisis is a vital part in one’s development. It occurs in every stage of finding one’s self and without resolution, may lead to tension and role confusion. Dedicated and influential theorists such as Erik Erikson and James Marcia have contributed significantly to the broadening and understanding
Erik H. Erikson was a significant psychologist that greatly changed the field of child development. In the 1950’s, Erikson advanced a Freudian approach in development. He viewed that social development as a series of eight challenges that people have to overcome. Each challenge has an outcome that’s either favorable or unfavorable. The outcome drastically affects a person’s personality. For example, in a favorable outcome, the result can leave a positive feeling. With a positive outlook, it’s easier for a person to cope with challenges in life. An unfavorable outcome can leave a person at a disadvantaged for the future. During the first couple challenges, Erikson believed that the caregiver has a great impact on a child’s development (Romero).
Erikson’s psychosocial theory in which social interactions cause growth and change. Cady’s social interactions with others cause change with her autonomy. Cady loses herself by changing her values and character in the beginning of the film and towards the end of the film she finds self-recognition. Adolescence is a critical time during development because internal and external sources have a strong influence.
In this paper I will be focusing on Erikson’s Theory mainly about identity versus role confusion. Finding one’s identity is not always an easy task. Everyone at some point in his or her life has had, as Erikson puts it, an identity crisis. Everyone experiences different struggles that can have either a positive or negative impact on their identity. On my path to identity, I have reached identity achievement, which means I have explored and made commitments. I will also be focusing on two articles highlighting a fifth possible outcome regarding identity and looking at identity statuses as developmental trajectories.
The purpose of this paper is to apply two developmental concepts, as proposed by Erikson, to the real life experiences of Joe Smith. This paper will emphasize the influence of social structures expressed as risk or protective factors and any traumatic experiences that have shaped his developmental outcomes. Concept #1 will include an exploration of Joe’s psychosocial development during puberty, tied in with Erikson's fifth stage of development; identity versus identity confusion. Concept #2 will include an exploration of Joe’s psychosocial development in middle adulthood, tied in with Erikson's seventh stage of development; generativity versus stagnation. The goal of my interview with Joe Smith will be to assess the correlations between his experiences during his teenage years with that of his experiences in middle adulthood.
Erik Erikson’s theories of development are among some of the best-known theories regarding aging and developing. Erikson divided the stages of life into eight categories: trust vs. mistrust, autonomy vs. shame, initiative vs. guilt, industry vs. inferiority, identity vs. confusion, intimacy vs. isolation, generativity vs. stagnation, and integrity vs. despair. Each stage offers its unique age frame and focus.
The purpose of this paper we will be applying Erikson’s eight stage theory to our research subject Belinda Hickman and projecting what the subject will encounter in later life stages. Belinda Hickman is a 21 year old female of mixed Hispanic/Caucasian decent living in Lincoln, Nebraska. She was born and raised in the same town by her parents Rob and Patricia Hickman. The subject’s parents are married she still lives at home while going to school.
Erik Erikson was a psychologist made famous for his ideas on psychosocial development. “Identity crisis” is a term he coined within his career describing what results from an unsuccessful completion of a psychosocial stage of development. In Erikson’s theory, children advance following an order that is predetermined. He focused less on cognitive development and more so on how one relates with others in social interactions. Each stage of Erikson’s theory of development has one of two outcomes. A wholesome identity ensues when completion happens within a stage along with effective communication with others. When a stage is not completed successfully, the individual may become “stuck,” but may complete the stage at a later time. The first stage in Erikson’s theory is trust versus mistrust. A child comprehends the meaning of trust in others by trusting his or her caregiver. This stage begins at birth and lasts to one year of age. In the event that trust successfully develops, he or she attains security within the world and is able to maintain this security even when threatened. If this stage is not completed, it may result in a marked inability to trust and perception that the world is inconsistent, resulting in anxiety, mistrust, and insecurities. Autonomy versus shame and doubt occurs between the ages of one and three. This is when a child begins to assert his or her independence through separation from caregivers, choosing his or her own toy, and making choices about what he or she prefers. If an individual in this stage is supported in his or her increased individuality, he or she will develop secure in his or her survival. If an individual is condemned, excessively controlled, or is not allowed to assert his or her desires, he or...
Erik Erikson developed the eight stages of life theory. Erikson’s theory focuses on the development from birth to death, social context, and interpersonal relations during each stage of life (McAdams, 2009). In the same manner, each stage of life is comprehendible in three levels, such as the body, ego, and family and culture. The eight stages of life are infancy (trust vs. mistrust), early childhood (autonomy vs. shame and doubt), childhood (initiative vs. guilt), childhood (industry vs. inferiority), adolescence and young adulthood (identity vs. role confusion), young adulthood (intimacy vs. isolation), mature adulthood (generativity vs. stagnation (or self-absorption)), and old age (ego integrity vs. despair).
This assignment’s main focus will be centred on Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development, which consists of eight stages however only the fifth stage ‘identity versus role confusion’ will be discussed. Aspects such as identity crises, exploration of autonomy whilst developing a sense of self, factors that may contribute to identity formation as well as the successful/unsuccessful resolution of this particular stage will be discussed thoroughly. Erikson’s theory was also expanded by James Marcia, who identified certain identity statuses. The discussion will then progress to the psychosocial development of a case study based on Anna Monroe in connection to the difficulties she faced, such as gender, sexuality, peer pressure,
Also as I was a toddler (play age), if I did a mistake my parents wouldn’t shame me about my mistakes, but they would do the right thing by showing me how to do it right, which promotes autonomy, which it would also help me to make the right decision. When I first started to go to school (school age), I was raised to be a hard worker, to work with industry, meaning that success doesn’t work with hard work, and that’s a method I use till now. And this where it gets harder for me, my adolescence years. In these year people find out who they are in life, to be honest I’m 19 years old and I still don’t know where I’m going in my life, I really don’t know what is the cause of this, I don’t like to blame people. Hopefully journey in college helps find where I belong at. I might be curious, confident in my choices, and a hard worker, but I’m still on the journey of finding myself, and that’s how I relate to Erik’s identity formation.
The Social development task is probably the most recognized task of today; where middle childhood aged children begin to develop feelings of self-competence. Most Conventional developmentalistis believe that the average middle-childhood child searches for any opportunity to demonstrate their personal skills and abilities. According the developmental psychologist Erik Erikson (1963), he describes the developmental task of middle childhood as “industry vs. inferiority”; where industry refers to the child’s drive to learn new knowledge and skills and on the other hand, children who don’t develop a sense of industry, but rather view themselves as incapable, will likely develop a self-view of inferiority as compared to their peers.
Parents and their parenting style play an important role in the development of their child. In fact, many child experts suggest that parenting style can affect a child’s social, cognitive, and psychological development which influence not just their childhood years, but it will also extend throughout their adult life. This is because a child’s development takes place through a number of stimuli, interaction, and exchanges that surround him or her. And since parents are generally a fixed presence in a child’s life, they will likely have a significant part on the child’s positive or negative development (Gur 25).
In Erikson’s Identity vs. Role Confusion stage, I thought, “Who am I?” countless times like many other adolescents. I occupied much of my time trying to construct a firm identity of myself, which I now realized did more harm than good. Letting myself explore different interests would have helped me find my identity than me trying to fake some firm identity.