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Gender studies judith butler
Gender studies judith butler
Gender studies judith butler
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Merriam-Webster dictionary defines intersexuality as “the condition of having both male and female gonadal tissue in one individual or of having gonads of one sex and external genitalia that is of the other sex or is ambiguous”. Intersexuality, gender, and sex are three things that typically would be associated with each other. However, in order to get a completely objective and realistic understanding of intersexuality, several terms that society has accepted to be true have to be put into question. By examining two written texts and one documentary, intersexuality can be defined and outlined more effectively than a simple dictionary definition.
To begin the discussion about intersexuality, Judith Butler’s work served as a nice basis for deconstructing how society views gender and sex. Throughout Gender trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity, Butler argues several points that support the idea that gender and sex are distinctly separate from each other and that they each might have a basis in cultural construction. To begin her argument, she says that women
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First being that I had a preconceived notion that intersex people did not feel themselves to be a man or a woman. Really, these individuals are normal people and have a slight difference in genitalia than those who are male or female. Another idea that hit home with me from Joannides writing was that it is ultimately better for the child if the parent does not choose to have reconstructive surgery to assign a distinct sex. I can clearly see how the parents would think they are doing their child a favor in trying to provide them with normalcy and to fit a certain sex. However, after reading this chapter it is evident that children are almost always harmed by this decision that they had no choice in making. Ultimately, I have learned that it is important to recognize that everyone is born differently and their genitalia do not define them as a
In How Sex Changed by Joanne Meyerowitz, the author tell us about the medical, social and cultural history of transsexuality in the United States. The author explores different stories about people who had a deep desired to change or transform their body sex. Meyerowitz gives a chronological expiation of the public opinion and how transsexuality grew more accepted. She also explained the relationship between sex, gender, sexuality and the law. In there the author also address the importance of the creation of new identities as well as how medication constrain how we think of our self. The author also explain how technological progress dissolve the idea of gender as well as how the study of genetics and eugenics impacts in the ideas about gender/sexuality and identity. But more importantly how technology has change the idea of biological sex as unchangeable.
“What makes for a livable world?”, and what constitutes the human?”, are two questions Judith Butler inquires in her opening paragraph and throughout her writing that determine the mindsets of individuals throughout our society. Both of these arguments are answered differently, by different persons, within different cultures, yet play a dramatic role in Butler’s view of herself, the LGBT community, and most of all, every other human
In relation to how sexual minorities like lesbians are marginalized by the power elite in society, Judith Butler explains the politicization of sexuality through the performance of sexual identity by constantly rearticulating and re-establishing heterosexuality as the norm. Ironically, the term “heterosexual” cannot claim authority as ...
As previously said Butler describes a domain in which the social norms of gender, sex and desire all take part. This was constructed by formal and informal means which try to ‘normalise’ people who don’t conform to the social norm. In an interview Butler states that one of these institutionalised methods is psychiatric normalization, initially going against the social norm in term of sex and gender was considered and illness which led psychiatrists to try to ‘normalise’ their patients, this procedure has now been terminated but other informal methods such as bullying still exist. From this Butler aspires to a new idea of gender one which becomes a reality and one which is less violent and one which breaks the conventions and stereotypes put in place by social norms. This idea of a less violent idea of gender relates back to Butlers notion that in order for progression in feminist theory, the feminine gender has to transform. Digression, not violence, within feminism can still be identified, in 1997 Feminist Sheila Jeffrey’s branded transgenderism “deeply problematic from a feminist perspective and that transsexualism should be seen as a violation of human rights.” Although this remark isn’t violent, it definitely disrespects gendered women and men who haven’t conformed to the social norm much like Jeffrey’s hasn’t, yet her criticism still ridicules another sexual minority. Jeffrey’s is
Sex exists in a binary system of male and female, and people can be forced into this binary. A mother of an intersex child states that the surgery comes from “the message that a child’s body is not acceptable as-is and should conform to what the state thinks it should be” (“Their Baby Was Born”). Sex, just like gender, exists in a binary, and when individuals do not fall into the two categories, society becomes uncomfortable. Sex, like gender, is socially constructed (Fausto-Sterling). This means that sex is a spectrum and not the binary it has been made to be. However, society continues to see the binary as normal and will attempt to force individuals to fit the already established system. Because they are in the middle of the sex spectrum rather than at the ends, most intersex individuals in the documentary experienced and continue to experience the same pressures to conform described by the mother and Fausto-Sterling. One person identified with the female gender, but her mother raised her as male. Despite her gender identification, she was continually told to be more masculine and to conform to her assigned male sex and gender. Others also had their appearance shaped through surgery and other means to fit into the sex-gender binary but now choose to identify as neither male nor female. However, this lack of gender-sex identification can leave them socially isolated since
Judith Butler’s concept of gender being performative focuses on how it creates a sequence of effect or impression. Human have a consistent way of talking about their gender as if it were something that is simply a fact. People go about their lives following patterns that are interconnected with their male or female appearance. They get very settled in the expected behaviors and common attributes of male or female, without recognizing that gender is a social construction. It is difficult to wrap your head around the idea that gender is always changing and being reproduced because it is conversation that often goes unnoticed. Butler realizes that it will be a struggle to get people to grasp the idea that nobody actually is their gender and that
If I was holding a family meeting on women’s issues I would have those who attend read “The Social Construction of Gender” by Judith Lorber (1994). I selected this reading because I feel gender is one of the most important topics that should be discussed when talking about women’s issues, especially in a room with both men and women. My goal would be to get my family members not only to understand, but also see how gender is continuously created by society every day.
In their publication, “Doing Gender, ” Candance West and Don H. Zimmerman put forward their theory of gender as an accomplishment; through, the daily social interactions of a man or woman which categorize them as either masculine or feminine. From a sociological perspective the hetero-normative categories of just sex as biological and gender as socially constructed, are blurred as a middle ground is embedded into these fundamental roots of nature or nurture.To further their ideology West and Zimmerman also draw upon an ethnomethodological case study of a transsexual person to show the embodiment of sex category and gender as learned behaviours which are socially constructed.Therefore, the focus of this essay will analyze three ideas: sex, sex
Gender is a performance according to Judith Butler . All bodies, she claims, are gendered from birth; sometimes even earlier now we can determine sex in the womb . For Butler society dictates ones gender and the individual reinforces that gender through performance . “The deeds make the doer” in Butler’s words; there is no subject prior to performance. Butler’s concept of gender, however, leads us to question: what of those who are incapable of performing the gender ascribed to them? If one is unable to perform are they left genderless, lacking subjectivity and social identity? If no human is without gender , as Butler claims, then where does this leave her theory? Either gender is more than simply performance or one can exist without gender.
...Bodies 10). The very act of saying something about sex ends up imposing cultural or ideological norms, according to Butler. As she puts it, "'sex' becomes something like a fiction, perhaps a fantasy, retroactively installed at a prelinguistic site to which there is no direct access" (Bodies 5). Nonetheless, that fiction is central to the establishment of subjectivity and human society, which is to say that, even so, it has material effects: "the 'I' neither precedes nor follows the process of this gendering, but emerges only within and as the matrix of gender relations themselves" (Bodies 7). Overall, I really liked butlers voice and articulation of certain dilemmas and her theme and reiteration of important facts. I leave you with a quote in which i like from her because you can interpret it in so many ways. It read “more lives are grievable than others” (Butler).
The concept of gender performative is the focus of Judith Butler's work, particularly in Gender Trouble. In Butler’s terms the performance of gender, sex, and sexuality is all about the control of society. She pinpoint the fabrication of the "gendered, sexed, desiring subject" in "regulative discourses". Hence the argument of Butler concerns the role of sex in the production of natural or rational gender and sexuality. In her report, gender and heterosexuality are constructed as natural because the opposition of the male and female sexes is supposed as natural in the social imaginary.
Preves, Ph.D., Sharon E. "Intersex Narratives: Gender, Medicine, and Identity." Gender, Sex, and Sexuality. New York: Oxford University, 2009. 32-42. Print.
Society today suggest that revealing the “gender” or “sex” of a child from the moment of conception forward is a necessity. But, in all actuality to some this is an invasion of their privacy and beliefs. Many believe that raising a child gender specific is not important to their upbringing or to their growth and development. Gender is defined with several different meanings such as the behavioral, cultural or psychological traits typically associated with the one sex. The sex of an individual, male or female, based on reproductive anatomy (the category to which an individual is assigned on the basis of sex) and the personal traits or personality that we attach to being male or female. Sex is defined as the biological distinctions determined by our genitalia.
Many of us have been reflecting on questions about intersex and what it actually is. I’ll be explaining the definition of intersex, how common it is the conditions of intersex and what is basically considered to be intersex. Intersex is when a person is born with a sexual anatomy or reproductive system that doesn’t quite fit the description of male or female. Some examples are, a person could be born with an outer appearance as a female but could have male anatomy on the inside. Also a person can be born with what looks to be as both male and female genitals, such as, a boy can be born with a small penis or a scrotum that’s divided forming what can look like a labia or a girl can be born with a very large clitoris or even not having a vaginal opening. Then there’s the gene mix up. A person can be born with mosaic genetics which means that some of her cells have xx chromosomes and some have XY chromosomes.
What necessary tasks does Judith Butler identify for feminist criticism? How is her articulation of and response to these tasks characteristically "postmodern"?