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Erik erikson developmental theory abstract essay
An essay about stages of development according to erik erikson
Erikson theory of development
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Erik Erikson was born in Germany. He was born in Frankfurt on June 15, 1902. Sigmund Freud influenced him a lot but he developed his own theory that every human goes through a stage up until death. Sigmund Freud thought that people don’t start developing a personality until the age of five. Erik Erikson thought everyone goes through eight stages. He thought that there always has to be a conflict someone goes through and accomplish that conflict to go to the next stage. The first stage trust vs. mistrust. This stage starts at birth and ends at the age of 1. This stage consists of a parent or a care giver does everything that an infant needs at that moment then they will gain trust. Erikson believed that mistrust happens in order to learn the …show more content…
Examples are toilet training, and learning how to control the body. Kids, who complete this stage will feel secure and confident. Meanwhile those who don’t feel like they aren’t good enough and insecure. The next stage is guilt vs initiative This stage happens at the ages of 4-5. Erickson believed that at this stage children has found out who they will be in life. This is supposed to be when the child gets an idea of responsibility. If a child believes irresponsible and anxious then they will feel guilty. The child’s eagerness increases when they feel responsible. He believed that most guilt is made up when they get a sense of accomplishment. Next stage is industry vs inferiority. Erikson believed that this stage happens from ages 6-11. This is when kids are becoming proud of the good deeds and the things they are able to do. This is also when kids are able to do more difficult things than before, and because of this they try to accomplish more and different skills. If a child does not get no praise or no encouragement then they will start to question what they can or cannot do. Erikson believed that encouragement and praise is very important in this stage because if it is not given then the kids’self-confidence will become low. Success of this stage is when the child is proud of what they can do, also while failure of this stage is when the child feels …show more content…
This is the fifth stage. This stage happens from ages 12-18. At this stage the teen will try to figure out who they are and who they will become. They might try different things and different trends. Erikson believed this has to happen to get a feel of identity and where they want to be in the world and in the future, They will try to fit in with the rest of the world and if they feel like they cannot do that then they will become confused and insecure. Erikson also believed that teens that don’t get the right support and/or encouragement then they will lower their self-esteem, confidence, be unsure of who they are and not know where they are heading in life. Though the teens that do get the right support/encouragement will get a feel of independence and self-control. The next stage is intimacy vs. isolation. The age range is 19-40. This stage is mostly focused on intimate relationships with other
guilt (3-5 yrs.), adults are seen as examples in regards to how a child should engage in society (Stevens, 1983, p. 47). As children learn that they can do things like adults it is essential that parents reassure their children through positive "support"; if the child does not receive positive support in activities of choice, guilt may form as a result (Table 9.1. Comparison of Freudian and Eriksonian Stages of Development, 2014, p. 1). Children in this stage also begin to ask for what they want, this helps children in their ability to make decisions later on in life. If the child learns to take initiative, a sense of purpose will form in the child (Erikson, 1964, p.
Erickson’s Theory has 8 stages (Schriver, 2011). The following text will give the developmental crisis of each stage and relate it to Shannon’s life personally. In Erikson’s Theory developmental crisis “did not mean an impending catastrophe as much as it meant “a turning point, a crucial period of increased vulnerability and heightened potential”” (Schriver, 2011). The first stage of Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages of Development is Trust vs. mistrust (0-1 year) and its crisis is “in establishing trust” (Schriver, 2011). Shannon had developed trust early on in her life due to the loving, caring, and nurturing home she grew up in. She had a sense of physical comfort which eliminated fear and allowed trust. The second stage is Autonomy vs. shame (1-3 years) and the crisis is “parental restrictions vs. autonomy” (Schriver, 2011). Growing up Shannon started learning to walk at 11 months which is a normal age for children to emerge into that. Due to her parents being supportive, it allowed Shannon to start exploring her curiosities and still be loved while doing so. The third stage is Initiative vs. guilt (3-6 years) and the crisis is “in taking initiative without experiencing guilt” (Schriver, 2011). This again correlates to the supportiveness of Shannon’s parents which allows her to be her own person and encourages her to experience her life in her own way. The fourth stage is Industry vs. inferiority (6-12 years) and the crisis is “in striving for competence” (Schriver, 2011). Shannon had a great group of friends growing up and that gave her the inclusion she needed to feel equal to her peers and not inferior to anyone. The fifth stage is Identity vs. role confusion and the crisis is “uncertainty about the future and the child’s role in it” (Schriver, 2011). At this time in Shannon’s life she had already strengthened her hope (trust), will, purpose, and
He implemented eight psychosocial stages which includes trust versus mistrust. One example of the specified inclusions are infants. In order to come to a resolution for these feelings of insecurity, infants look towards their care givers for care and stability to fulfill their desired needs. With autonomy versus shame stage, children begin to assert their independence, utilizing their skills otherwise they will end up doubting their abilities. Initiative versus guilt is another stage where pre-scholars develop initiative by devising and carrying out bold plans. These people plan activities, developing a sense of initiative with others therefore feeling secure in their ability to lead and make decisions. The identity versus role confusion stage is noted as Erikson’s most popular. He characterized adolescence as a crucial and critical time of identity development. To achieve a sense of identity some adolescents attempt to define and explore who they are regarding their career choice, religion, political views, sexual orientation etc., figuring out a way to fit into society. According to Erikson, “the adolescent mind is essentially a mind or moratorium, a psychosocial stage between the morality learned by the child, and the ethics to be developed by the adult” (Erikson, 1963, p.245. As they go through the different sexual and
Autonomy vs. shame and doubt is Erikson's second stage of development occurs between the first and third years in life. During this stage children learn to be independent by mastering tasks such as feeding a dressing themselves. If children do not develop autonomy during this stage they will doubt their ability and develop a sense of shame. I lived in one foster home from the time I was one and a half to the time my parents adopted me at age three. I believe that I developed during this stage just as well if not better than children who are biological or who are adopte...
Stage 3 of Erickson's theory of personality development lasts from 3 to 6 years of age and it is the stage in which the child becomes aware of their independence and that they do not always have to do what their parents say. It is called Initiative versus guilt because they take the initiative to do as they please and at the same time feel guilty that they do not obey the rules given to them. The conflicting question during this age is "am I good or am I bad?". If a divorce occurs at this stage, the child might believe that something they have done caused them to do so, filling the child with guilt.
The first stage of Erik Erikson 's theory of psychosocial development takes place between birth and one year of age. It is the most important stage in life. He named this stage, Trust vs. Mistrust. At this important time in a child’s development, the child is completely dependent on an adult for everything; food, love, warmness, protection, and nurturing. If the caregiver fails to be successful in providing acceptable care and love, the young child will feel that they cannot trust or depend on the adults in their life. When a young child develops trust, the child will feel safe and protected in the world. If a child fails to develop trust,
The First stage in Erickson’s theory is trust vs. mistrust, this stage occurs during infancy, from birth to one years old. This stage is all about trust, it is the stage where you hopefully begin to trust not only yourself but others as well (Crandell and Crandell p. 36). An infant gains trust in infancy because they can not do anything for themselves, they depend on others to do everything for them therefore in this stage they develop trust in others, their caregivers, that they will do all that they can to take care of their well-being. Developing trust in infancy is crucial because this makes the individual grow up feeling safe and secure in the world. A positive outcome of an infant developing trust is that they grow up feeling safe in the world, a negative outcome would be that the individual grows up in fear of the world. There is no way to develop one hundred percent trust or one hundred percent doubt, Erikson believed that the best way to come out of this stage is with a balanc...
The second stage is autonomy verses shame and doubt. This occurs from about 18 months of age to 3 years old. The basic virtue of this stage is will; can they do things on their own or do they require the help of others? Erikson believed that children around this age wanted to develop a greater sense...
Erikson developed the eight psychosocial stages of which the first 3 stages: Trust vs. Mistrust, Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt, Initiative vs. Guilt affects a child’s development. A child’s relationship with his caregiver is very important because if a child doesn’t have a good relationship, and is constantly shamed for doing things and not succeeding can affect the child overall. For example, a child in his preschool age (3-5) who is trying to help his mother clean, but is too slow a mother could stop him and prevent him from and this will cause a child to be fearful of doing things because he was never permitted to do something on his
Erik Erikson developed eight psychosocial stages that occur through life. These stages help parents of younger children understand what the child is thinking and why they are acting the way that they do. For a person to become a well-rounded adult they need to succeed in each level. This essay will discuss the first six stages into young adulthood.
Both Freud and Erikson theories are based on the psychoanalytic theory which according to Kathleen Berger is “a grand theory of human development that holds that irrational, unconsicious drives and motives, often originating in childhood, underlie human behavior.
In Erickson’s Stages of Development a child in middle childhood, (or children from age six to age eleven), move through the industry versus inferiority stage. This stage is marked by the child working to gain new skills and in general just being productive (Click P. M., Parker J., 2002, p. 89). A child who is successful in their attempts will gain confidence in themselves and move on into adolescence firmly on the industrious side. A child who is not successful in acquiring the skills they try will move on to the adolescent stage with the mindset that they are inferior to their peers.
The first stage of Erikson’s theory occurs in infancy, which occurs roughly from birth to 18 months. Infancy is an important stage according to Erikson’s theory. In this stage, the individual learns how to trust other individuals. If all the individual’s needs are met in this stage...
The first stage, which happens between birth and 18 months, is trust vs. mistrust. During this stage, an infant is confused about the world being a safe place and wonders if his or her needs will be met. As a result, the infant looks to the primary caretaker for consistent care and hope that his or her needs can be met. Erikson explains that those that receive constant care during this stage will develop a sense of trust. The basic virtue in this stage is hope. The second stage of this theory is autonomy vs. shame and doubt, which happens between 18 months and 3 years. During this stage, there is an increase in mobility and independence. Erikson explains that it is critical to allow the child to explore their limits and allow failure. The basic virtue in this stage is will. Initiative vs. Guilt that happens between 3 and 5 years is the stage that follows. During this stage, children take more initiative to engage with peers. Erikson explains that during this stage if children are given the opportunity to take initiative, they will develop a sense of security in their ability to lead. The basic virtue in this stage is purpose. Industry vs. Inferiority, which happens between 5 and 12 years, emphasizes school and friendships. Erikson believes that during this stage, children will seek approval from others by displaying skills that are valued by others. Additionally, he believes that if
During this stage adolescents develop a better understanding of self and belonging or they face identity crisis and role confusion. During this stage in my life I felt that I was rebelling and doing things that were not age appropriate. I did not respect authority and thought it was ok to do what I wanted to do. Even though I was a young teenager I did not think of myself that way. I thought of myself more like an adult. Through my negative experiences in this stage I suffered identity crisis and role