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Edward Snowden and virtue ethics
Edward Snowden and virtue ethics
Edward Snowden summary on national security
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Introduction
On 6th of June 2013, breaking news appeared on ‘The Guardian’ newspaper where in the report; it revealed that the National Surveillance Agency (NSA) of the United States was collecting telephone record under top-secret court order. The next day, ‘The Guardian’ and ‘Washington Post’ reported that NSA has been assessing information and data in the system of Internet giants such as Facebook and Google under a surveillance program. Edward Snowden, on 9th of June 2013 was named to be the one who leaked the information to the newspaper when he made a debut interview from Hong Kong.
The purpose of this paper is to analyse and provide justifications to support the proposition on why Edward Snowden is a moral hero. In order to do so, I will first discuss the facts of the situation and Edward Snowden’s background. His actions, reasons and impact for leaking the top-secret government surveillance program will be analysed. Moving on, I will argue that Edward Snowden is a moral hero because based on research, three theory of moral reasoning namely virtue theory, consequentialism and deontological endorsed his action. In addition, to support the proposition, Edward Snowden’s actions are justified based on the previous event of Daniel Ellsberg and Chelsea Manning .
Background and Facts
Aforementioned, is a snippet of Edward Snowden’s disclosure of mass surveillance program carried by NSA. Hence, who is Edward Snowden? Whence did he get the information of the government mass surveillance program? Edward Snowden is the answerable individual for one of the most significant leaks in the political history of the United States (US). He is a 29 years old former technical assistant for the Central of Intelligence Agency (CIA) and ...
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...le, it will result a greater good and happiness. Daniel Ellsberg is the individual who is responsible for leaking the Pentagon Papers. Critics made a point which contrasted the action of Daniel Ellsberg and Edward Snowden, the former stayed in the country and the later flew to Hong Kong and Moscow. From the former point of view himself, what Edward Snowden did is the right thing to do because it is for a greater good which is to bring a democratic movement rather that he if stayed in the US, he will spend his life in the prison and it is not something worthwhile to serve, taking into account the current state of law; corrupted.
It is clear that Edward Snowden prior to his disclosure has think about all the consequences beforehand and decided this is the righteous thing to do. I too, believe that his action is the right thing to do and will produce a greater good.
Is the American government trustworthy? Edward Joseph Snowden (2013) released to the United States press* selected information about the surveillance of ordinary citizens by the U.S.A.’s National Security Agency (N.S.A.), and its interconnection to phone and social media companies. The motion picture Citizenfour (2014), shows the original taping of those revelations. Snowden said that some people do nothing about this tracking because they have nothing to hide. He claims that this inverts the model of responsibility. He believes that everyone should encrypt Internet messages and abandon electronic media companies that track personal information and Internet behavior (op.cit, 2014). Snowden also stressed to Lawrence Lessig (2014) the importance of the press and the first amendment (Lessig – Snowden Interview Transcript, [16:28]). These dynamics illustrate Lessig’s (2006) constrain-enable pattern of powers that keep society in check (2006, Code: Version 2.0, p. 122). Consider Lessig’s (2006) question what is “the threat to liberty?” (2006, p. 120). Terrorism is a real threat (Weber, 2013). Surveillance by social media and websites, rather than the government, has the greater negative impact on its users.
It is my opinion that Edward Snowden should be pardoned for leaking classified information. Snowden found himself in a unique position to confirm and provide proof of pre-existing suspicions by the American citizens towards their Government. Snowden was not the first whistle blower. He just happened to have top secret “privileged” access to classified information and documents as an infrastructure analyst working for the NSA. Some of his titles in his career over time included System Administrator, System Engineer, System Officer, and he had held positions in the Central Intelligence Agency, the National Security Agency and the Defense Intelligence Agency. He obtained documents that confirmed that for the cost of “security” American citizens unknowingly lost they rights to liberty and freedom over time.
Keck, Zachary. "Yes, Edward Snowden Is a Traitor." The Diplomat. N.p., 21 Dec. 2013. Web. 21 Feb. 2014
Edward Snowden is America’s most recent controversial figure. People can’t decide if he is their hero or traitor. Nevertheless, his leaks on the U.S. government surveillance program, PRISM, demand an explanation. Many American citizens have been enraged by the thought of the government tracing their telecommunication systems. According to factbrowser.com 54% of internet users would rather have more online privacy, even at the risk of security (Facts Tagged with Privacy). They say it is an infringement on their privacy rights of the constitution. However, some of them don’t mind; they believe it will help thwart the acts of terrorists. Both sides make a good point, but the inevitable future is one where the government is adapting as technology is changing. In order for us to continue living in the new digital decade, we must accept the government’s ability to surveil us.
In early June 2013, Edward Snowden, a 29-year-old former defense contractor who had access to NSA database while working for an intelligence consulting company, leaked classified documents reports that the National Security Agency (NSA) is recording phone calls of millions of Americans along with gathering private data and spying foreign Internet activity. The Washington Post later broke the news disclosed PRISM, a program can collect data on Internet users. The leaked documents publicly stated a vast objection. Many people were shocked by the scale of the programs, even elected representatives were unaware of the surveillance range. A nationwide debate over privacy rights have been sparked. Although supporters claim that the NSA only does its best to protect the United States from terrorists as well as respecting Americans' rights and privacy, many civil rights advocates feel that the government failed to be clear about the limit of the surveillance programs, threatening Americans' civil...
Daniel Ellsberg is a political activist. He was the one who leaked the information to the New York Times. Daniel Ellsberg was morally correct, but what he did was illegal. Daniel Ellsberg saved a lot of lives, sort of. He knew that the government was hiding something, and discovered it.
Edward Snowden. This is a name that will be in the history books for ages. He will be branded a traitor or a whistleblower depending on where you look. Many Americans feel that Edward Snowden is a traitor who sold the United States’ secrets aiming to harm the nation. Others believe that he was simply a citizen of the United States who exercised his right to expose the government for their unconstitutional actions. It is important to not only know the two sides to the argument of friend or foe, but to also know the facts as well. My goal in this paper is to present the facts without bias and to adequately portray the two sides of the argument.
Before all of the top secret NSA (National Security Agency) documents on which details of a global surveillance system run by NSA were breached, Edward Snowden was an American computer specialist, a CIA member, and an NSA contractor. Edward Snowden was a regular, wealthy, government employee with some great positions and credentials. He was an American born man and was serving his country. He won the Sam Adams award which is given once a year to an intelligence professional who shows great integrity to the CIA. Many other recipients of this award have also been whistle blowers like Snowden. Before all the leaking and background information is given keep the question of hero or villain in your mind.
Edward Snowden, the former National Security Agency (N.S.A) subcontractor turned whistle-blower is nothing short of a hero. His controversial decision to release information detailing the highly illegal ‘data mining’ practices of the N.S.A have caused shockwaves throughout the world and have raised important questions concerning how much the government actually monitors its people without their consent or knowledge. Comparable to Mark Felt in the Watergate scandals, Daniel Ellsberg with the Pentagon Papers, Edward Snowden joins the rank of infamous whistleblowers who gave up their jobs, livelihood, and forever will live under scrutiny of the public all in the service to the American people. Edward Snowden released information detailing the extent of the N.S.A breaches of American privacy and in doing so, became ostracized by the media and barred from freely reentering America, his home country.
The American government used to be able to keep the people in happy ignorance to the fact that they watch every move they make. After certain revelations of people like Edward Snowden, the public knows the extent of the government spying. On June 5, 2013 Edward Snowden leaked documents of the NSA to the Guardian (The Guardian 2). The whistleblower Edward Snowden revealed to the world how the American government collects information like cell phone metadata, Internet history, emails, location from phones, and more. President Obama labeled the man a traitor because he showed the world the illegal acts the NSA performs on US citizens (Service of Snowden 1). The government breached the people’s security, and now the people are afraid because everyone is aware of how the US disapproves of people who do not agree with their programs. Obama said that these programs find information about terrorists living in the US, but he has lit...
While Manning’s case is one highlighting lax security procedure, the case of Edward Snowden is one of stark contrast. Edward Snowden grew up near the National Security Agency headquarters in Maryland (Scherer & Shuster, 2013). He is a high school dropout who found an alternate identity on the Internet (Scherer & Shuster, 2013). His father was a US Coast Guard Officer and mother worked as a clerk in the federal court, they separated when Snowden was still a toddler (Scherer & Shuster, 2013). Snowden started his career as a CIA employee in Switzerland, where he annotated his displeasure with ongoing activities on anonymous chat boards (Scherer & Shuster, 2013). Edward Snowden worked as systems administrator for Booz Allen Hamilton on contract support to the National Security Agency in Hawaii (Scherer & Shuster, 2013). Snowden’s duties allowed him to have administrator privileges; which he used to by-pass authentication procedures to gain access above what he needed or received clearance. The National Security Agency is one of the most secure facilities within the Department of Defense, yet Snowden managed to acquire 1.7 million Top
The world erupted in outrage following revelations by Edward Snowden regarding the extent of surveillance perform by the National Security Agency. Privacy becomes one of the hottest topic of 2013 and was chosen by the world’s most popular online dictionary, Dictionary.com, as the Word of the Year. However, the government is not the only one that conduct data gathering and surveillance. Employers often monitor their employees, and businesses collect data on theirs customer. The morality of these practices is a topic that generates heated debate.
It is reasonable to argue that, governmental institutions or people with authority are subject to withhold a great deal of information from society. Many may argue that secrets are kept to ensure the safety of the nation. Thus, upholding the governmental duty of protecting the nation against possible threats. On the other hand, many believe that secrets may exist which violate our constitutional rights. Over the last year, Edward Snowden, has made headline news for leaking sensitive governmental information to the press. Edward Snowden is a 29-year-old high school drop-out, who was a tech specialist for the National Security Association. Snowden had discovered and later exposed the NSA for monitoring the nations e-mails, phone calls, and internet searches. As the allegations spread like wild fire, Edward Snowden sought asylum in Russia for one year. Snowden had a valid and justifiable reason to expose the NSA to the world because they were in violation of our fourth Amendment rights to unreasonable searches and seizures. The government called him a traitor, while others viewed him as a hero for exposing the government. Edward Snowden is a whistle blower because he felt that it is up to society to decide if governmental practices are just or unjust. Snowden does “express the highest respect for the law”, and he wanted to protect the right of privacy for American citizens.
In the word of Edward Snowden, “I don’t see myself as a hero because what I’m doing is self-interested: I don’t want to live in world where there’s no privacy and therefore no room for intellectual exploration and creativity” (Brainy Quotes). Many people and even universities have studied this case so much to where it has divided a lot of people including in the House of Senates. After reading this case several times I’ve developed my own decision that Edward Snowden is a hero in my eyes. My purpose in this paper is to inform you about facts the case showed and allow you to make your own decision rather Edward Snowden is a Whistleblower or a Traitor. To explain my position I will base my essay in three section. The first is basically Edward Snowden background information, the second is the steps he took to get the information and his purpose of releasing the documents, and finally I will give my reasons with help from others on why we support him.
However, government agencies, especially in America, continue to lobby for increased surveillance capabilities, particularly as technologies change and move in the direction of social media. Communications surveillance has extended to Internet and digital communications. law enforcement agencies, like the NSA, have required internet providers and telecommunications companies to monitor users’ traffic. Many of these activities are performed under ambiguous legal basis and remain unknown to the general public, although the media’s recent preoccupation with these surveillance and privacy issues is a setting a trending agenda.