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Differences between two cultures
Differences in cultural
Differences between two cultures
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Stuart Hall, “Cultural Studies: Two Paradigms” from Media, Culture and Society, Raymond Williams and E.P Thompson summarize about the way they saw culture, they refer it to the way of life and saw mass media as the main role in capitalist society. Williams’s perspective, his ideas was referred to culture as to social practice, he saw “culture as a whole way of life” and as to structuralism that makes the concept of the “structure of feeling“(Stuart Hall, “Cultural Studies: Two Paradigms” 1980). William was influenced in the seventy by Gramsci’s but, Williams became familiarly with Gramsci dominate and at the end of the 1970’s hegemony became the central concept of cultural studies. Thompson main idea was cultural focus, but mostly on social He explains that he wants us to know how the present and future of cultural studies has impacted how people struggled throughout the years because of social transformation. Therefore, the people had to deal with the future challenges they were going to face and eventually overcome those obstacles. “He explained that cultural studies had impacted so many people because they had to deal with so many issues such as, culture, economics, politics, media and modernity” (Cultural Studies in the Future Tense by Lawrence Grossberg, 2010). I will be discussing cultural studies theory, and how people struggle through social transformation every day. Everyone has struggled through difficult situations, but eventually we learn from our mistakes and try to overcome it. The theory explains how Lawrence Grossberg discusses the theory of the cultural studies and how if affect the present and future, the struggles people have to go through for example, economics, culture, media and Cultural diversity is in our workplace and schools; we may encounter stereotypes while communicating with others, even though we have different opinions toward their cultures values and beliefs. We can learn from another culture, but we have to respect their differences. I think in today society, people are stereotyped others based on their race and social class because we automatically judge another person without knowing them and assume they are a certain way. Everyone is different we identify ourselves with our own social beliefs, religious beliefs and racial traits and should not be judged because we are all different
“Williams says that, his perspective and ideas are referred to culture as to social practice, he saw “culture as a whole way of life” and as to structuralism that makes the concept of the “structure of feeling“(Stuart Hall, “Cultural Studies: Two Paradigms” 1980). “William says that he was influenced in the seventy by Gramsci’s,” but he became familiarly with Gramsci dominate and at the end of the 1970’s hegemony became the central concept of cultural studies. Thompson main idea was cultural focus, but mostly on social classes and class consciousness; he was not interested in the way “whole way of life” but how people, social class were struggling by the influenced and controlled by the “upper class” has a great deal of “dominant aspect of the “way of
Thinking about diversity and all it encompasses can be overwhelming, to put it simply it is the differences between people. Often we see diversity as a skin color or gender but there is so much more to it. While those things are part of diverse people, it can also include religion, age, income, sexual orientation, disability, appearance, ect. All of the diverse traits can influence how the world treats a person. We see diversity as an important and valuable aspect of society, but not all people agree with us. There is prejudice, stereotypes, bigotry, oppression, and privilege in our world. Prejudices and stereotypes are closely linked. Stereotypes are generally believed concepts about a group of people. Prejudices are one person’s or group’s opinion about a person based on the group they belong to. Both of these can negatively impact people in often sexist, racist, or homophobic ways.
It seems then that the answer to part two would be education. The reality is that there will always be stereotyping. Ignorance is not just the lack of formal education and knowledge, but also the lack of familiarity. In this case the lack of familiarity with other cultures and sub-cultures. There are stereotype classifications in all walks of life. They come from what I would call closed loop societies. A closed loop society being defined here, as a group of people of common (sub) culture with minimal or no exposure to other (sub) cultures. Some are closed due to choice, others due to obstacles such as geography or economics. In an answer to the first part of the question, I would say stereotyping perpetuates institutionalized discrimination and institutionalized discrimination perpetuates
The use of media and popular culture is a sociological phenomenon wherein the structural changes to society, which accompany the emergence of new forms of communication and accessing information, can be examined. There are many differing views regarding whether media and popular culture are necessary to the functioning of a democratic and egalitarian society or whether they actually further social inequality and inhibit political discussion or involvement. Although both interpretations are arguably valid, it can be seen that it is not popular culture and the media in and of themselves but rather how they are consumed by the public that determine how these mediums influence individuals and by extension the wider society.
With this in mind, culture studies, are what is used to study culture. Studies in culture will allow analysis of the culture of the world without bias. “Cultural studies is valuable because it provides some tools that enable individuals to read and interpret culture critically.” (Dines and Humez) The text gave relationships between film affecting the world. For example, films of the 1970’s had a liberal and conservative position. According to the text this helped Ronald Reagan win the
“The various disciplines that make up the arts and sciences are the cultural frames in terms of which attitudes are formed and lives conducted. The interpretive study of culture represents an attempt to come to terms with the diversity of the ways human beings construct their lives in the act of leading them.”
The concept of mass culture emerged as a philosophical exploration of the question of modernity in relation to individual identities and individuality. As the society progressed from its traditional existence to a modern state, numerous advancements were realized that drastically changed the outlook of the society and its influence on an individual and individual thinking. One of the most important factors that have been an influence in the advancement of modernity is the mass media phenomenon (Landgraf 25). In fact, very few would contend that the institutions within the mass media franchise are crucial aspects of contemporary politics and philosophy. However, philosophers like Nietzsche and Karl Marx had the contention that the mass media had to be considered in light of its effects to the values and institutions of modern societies. Nietzsche’s criticisms is based on the general idea that the values and institutions of modern day society oppress creativity and bodily energies and limit the ability if human beings to function as individuals. This in turn blocks a generation of stronger individuals from emerging in a society that is now characterized by vigor. Friedrich Nietzsche critically appraised the modern age and developed one of the foremost sustainable critiques of mass culture and society, bureaucratic discipline, the state and regimentation. This led to the production of fresh perspectives which later deeply influenced discourse about modernity.
In the text, we talked about during the course of this class is stereotypes, which the text defines as “widely held beliefs about a group of people (Intercultural Communication).” In my life and in my community,
In the beginning, the relationship between everyday culture and mass media culture are closed but there are some difference between popular culture and traditional culture. The traditional culture is known as ‘high culture’ which refer to literature, art, music etc. However, popular culture is the produced by mass media, may know it as low culture. People used to entertainment or relaxation. It shared and spread rapidly in groups, communities, societies and so on. Some people may say popular culture help us to understand more about the world because of the globalization factor.
Kroeber, A. and C. Klockhohn, Culture: A Critical Review of Concept and Definition New York: Vintage Books, 1989.
Culture is about a set of values, beliefs, and norms that affect the behaviors of large groups of people. Whereas, diversity is more than skin color or ethnic heritage. Diversity within a group is about the quality of being different. The differences between values, traits, attitudes, status is what diversity entails. Engleberg and Wynn state that these “characteristics include age, occupation, physical ability, marital status, personality preferences, and much more.” We must remember to avoid stereotyping individuals and learn to accept that diversity in groups is the skillset that individuals bring to the group. The knowledge that individuals bring to the group is the diversity that most businesses are
Even though media studies is still new, it is important, as it has a high potential of being at the centre of essential changes in our thoughts about what we should learn and if they are worthwhile (Bazalgette, 2000). Since this subject is still new there are a lot of disagreements on how media should be interpreted and it is also a hybrid subject as the idea that it came about comes from a variety of sources (Bazalgette, 2000). Media studies is also considered an academic discipline as it binds the different types of hybrid disciplines such as semiotics, structuralism, sociolinguistics and a lot more and there are no limits to an individual as how to analyze the media. The analysis of media is very important for this particular subject. Educators today realized that students need to be involved in practical work to understand the subject better. Media studies are normally associated with the English subject. However the difference is rather apparent and media studies courses uses economic and political perspectives are their main ways to understand the media as well as it requires a person to consider texts from different contrasting perspectives. The English subject on the other hand, deals with reading and writing skills as well as analyzing critically. It also involves individual students’ responses (Bazalgette, 2000).
In the future, the world will only become more diverse. People should learn to appreciate it by acknowledging the differences around them. Sometimes people are scared that “recognizing differences will divide people from each other. However, learning about cultural differences can actually bring people closer together” ( “Section 1”). It would be better if people became closer together instead of growing apart because of discrimination and other mistreatment. Building relationships with different cultures should be a goal of everyone and even nations as a whole. Each group has different strengths that can benefit the the community altogether. Since the world will definitely become more diverse, it is important to be informed about cultural groups so you can become more marketable and succeed in a diverse world.
Our world is constantly changing and it requires a society that is well versed in understanding the problems deriving from culture differences and tolerance of one another’s beliefs and perceptions. We are dealing with systemic problems in education, economic, government, religion and culture differences.
In his article “Culture Is Ordinary”, Raymond Williams defines culture, based on his knowledge, and experience –which would, as he defines, would be his culture. He starts his article with simply giving a definition according to his understanding by telling what is and is not culture, and continues with the reasons he doesn’t agree with some of Marxist ideas of culture, and that of F. R. Leavis’. While giving reasons for his disagreements, he gives solid examples from both people he knows and doesn’t know.