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A literature review of hospital infection prevention
A literature review of hospital infection prevention
Why is it important for patients to have infection control
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In chapter 5 the section relating to The Restrictions on HIV-infected Healthcare Workers was an intriguing portion of the chapter. This topic seldom is discussed in the workplace or in upper level occupational health management. The discussion generally surrounds the healthcare worker and their protection measures against becoming affected from the patient. Rarely, do we hear about the HIV-infected worker and their obligations when working with the patient. The three ethical points surrounding the HIV-infected healthcare worker are, should the healthcare worker perform invasive procedures, should the HIV-infected healthcare worker inform their patients, and should the practice of the HIV-infected worker have restrictions? These were all question
Claire E. Sterk in her article, Fieldwork on Prostitution in the Era of AIDS, highlights the experiences of women engaged in a centuries-old profession in metropolitan Atlanta and New York City that is now plagued by the onslaught of a cureless disease. Whereas, in Doing Fieldwork among the Ya̧nomamö, Napoleon A. Chagnon immerses himself into the society of a Venezuelan tribe, which has a complex set of customs that he must understand first in order to document a comprehensive genealogy of the tribe. Through a critical study of both accounts, we can draw similarities in the anthropologists’ experiences, such as certain obstacles that kept them from effectively implementing research methodologies, as well as differences like the way in which they approached their subjects and involved themselves in their respective societal structures. Although both researchers had disparate goals to achieve and societies to examine, we can observe that the process they sustain has many parallels especially when they revisit their approaches to collecting information and entering the societies by building relationships with informants and subjects alike.
The Movie “And the Band Played On” is the framework of the earliest years of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Also known as the Gay disease. The movie examines HIV/AIDS epidemic in the United States in the earlier 1980’s and emphasizes on three crucial components. An immunologist with knowledge in eradicating smallpox and containing the Ebola virus, joins the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) to attempt and recognize just what this disease is. The film also deals the administration and government side that does not seem to care. The homosexual community in San Francisco is separated on the nature of the disease but also want to know what should be done
Nwanna, Chinwe R. SOCIAL CONSEQUENCES OF HIV/AIDS: STIGMA AND DISCRIMINATION IN THE WORKPLACE IN NIGERIA. Lagos Nigeria: International Population Conference, 2005.
The potential for the development of bigotry or a hostile work environment requires an ethical response. The foreknowledge of Cronan’s anticipated return to work at NET in any capacity mandates that he be allowed to work in a harmonious and safe environment. As ignorance was the main impetus for the majority of the behaviors noted by Cronan, education would be the solution. The ethical course of action would be initially providing widespread company dissemination of the policy regarding AIDS in the workplace, followed by intense education of the workers about AIDS. An overall policy of intolerance of any harassment should be published and enforced.
(Allen et al., 2000) The Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a clinical situation that requires the ethical principle Justice to be implemented. AIDS can be transmitted by sexual activity, intravenous (IV) drug use, and passed from mother to child. Due to the judgments and fears from the general population and some healthcare professionals, patients who have this disease may find themselves suffering from discrimination in many ways of their lives. This discrimination comes from the stigma placed by the factors in which AIDS is mainly spread. These factors are poverty, homelessness, illiteracy, prostitution, human-trafficking, which create the labels like the “drug user” or “homosexual”.
Spink, Gemma. "AIDS." AVERTing HIV and AIDS. 23 Dec 2009. Web. 11 Jan 2010. .
One day while doing his job, a physician used a used swab that was possibly infected with HIV on another patient. When looked at by certain people, the doctor did the correct thing by telling his patient that he roused a swab on him/her. However, the chances of this patient getting HIV was substantially low, and he should have waited for the patient to develop symptoms, which would have been rare, before telling the truth. As stated by Michael Greenberg, “he might have done better by keeping his mouth shut.” If the doctor did lie, he could have lied to protect himself, the quality of life of the patient, and his ability to help others with their lives. If he had not told the patient that he used the swab on him/her, he/she would not have had to live in fear of getting HIV. Because of this decision of truth telling, the doctor lost his job, money, confidence, and also affected someone’s quality of life.
When working with this population, if a client is withholding their diagnosis from their sexual partners and having unprotected sex the social worker faces an ethical dilemma. Confidentiality is a major concern but so is duty to warn and the duty to protect. According to Granich (2012), “Mental health professionals do not have the legal right to disclose that a person is HIV-positive to another person. This is at the discretion of physicians in many states. However, social workers and mental health professionals must struggle with this legal situation if a client insists on potentially harming another person through risk of transmission of HIV”. Social workers need to consider the society in which they are working and the society that the
Example, there are times when we have patients who were tested positive for HIV and after counselling still refuses to disclose their status to their spouse. The spouse is the one taking of this patient in the hospital and you can see her using her bare hands to handle the secretions of the patient despite been warned to use latex gloves. As a nurse or doctor you understand the implication of it and understand fully well that the wife might also be positive. The patient is already on anti-retroviral drugs and is responding gradually but the wife on the other hand knows nothing. The law permits for the wife to be told about the husband's status and she also counselled to undergo the test. If it comes out positive then the treatment is commenced immediately. The treatment will help to increase her CD4 count and save her life. In some cases HIV patient instead of telling their family members to take precautionary measures when caring for them they don’t and the life of this care givers is put at stake. In such cases the nurses can only ensure that their caregivers are educated on proper use of hand gloves to proper themselves especially when dealing with secretions from patient
In a health care organization, it is important that the organization’s mission, philosophies, and ethics are followed through properly. . With the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), it is no different. . The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s “mission is to protect people’s health and to support the quality of life in humans by prevention and control of diseases, injuries, and disabilities” (About CDC, 2010, page or paragraph number with quotes). With the organization's mission, philosophies, and ethics it is important that everyone’s health is protected and proper prevention of diseases, illnesses, and disabilities are given to the public in a timely manner. In this paper, the members of Team A will “describe what are the organization’s goals, how are they tied to its ethical principles, and the role and importance of the corporation’s ethical values” (University of Phoenix, 2012, Week Three Supplement). Team A will also specify “what the relationship between the organization’s culture and ethical decision-making is and why is it important that the organization’s ethical values support Team A's ethical values” (University of Phoenix, 2012, Week Three Supplement, see above)? In addition, Team A will explain the social responsibility for the Center of Disease Control and Prevention in the community” (University of Phoenix, 2012, Week Three Supplement, see above). (Good introduction)
In considering all of the ethical principles, guidelines, laws and regulations, it seem reasonable that Ann determines that there is no active threat to the group clients or staff from Jasmine’s HIV status, and that there is no imminent danger. Ann determines that the best course of action is to ask Jasmine to discontinue testing her glucose level at the agency, explaining to her that it would help ensure that there were no concerns raised related to Jasmine’s HIV status. By doing this, she can protect Jasmine’s human right to privacy and confidentiality while still considering the safety of others.
HIV and AIDS have affected millions of people throughout the world. Since 1981, there have been 25 million deaths due to AIDS involving men, women, and children. Presently there are 40 million people living with HIV and AIDS around the world and two million die each year from AIDS related illnesses. The Center for Disease Control estimates that one-third of the one million Americans living with HIV are not aware that they have it. The earliest known case of HIV was in 1959. It was discovered in a blood sample from a man in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Looking further into the genetics of this blood sample researchers suggested that it had originated from a virus going back to the late 1940’s or early 1950’s. In 1999, researchers had discovered that HIV is derived from chimpanzees native to west equatorial Africa. This epidemic is spreading throughout countries and infecting 14 thousand victims every day. Learning about HIV includes knowing how to contract the virus, understanding most of the people it affects, how to prevent the spread of it, and knowing what treatments are available.
I share the opinion that the higher rate of HIV infection in the world stems in part from failure of personal responsibility and inattention to warnings from HIV/AIDS advocates, physicians and community organizations. However there are other elements that play an imperative role in the devastation that HIV/AIDS is causing in poor and minority communities according to the article “America’s Epidemic” by Gloria Browne Marshal.
Leonard Fleck, a commentator, argues in favor of Carlos, a twenty-one year old homosexual, Hispanic male, not telling his older sister Consuela about him being HIV positive in order for her to care for him. The first commentator’s thesis argues that Carlos’s physician does not have to disclose that Carlos is HIV positive, because no major harm will come to Consuela, there are other option so Carlos could keep his other illness covert, and if breach does happen then it could lead to Carlos being ostracized or even not being cared for. The second commentator, Marcia Angell, argues that Consuela has the right to know that Carlos’s is HIV positive, because she would be deceived, pressured to provide nursing care by the hospital, and exploited by the hospital. Leonard Fleck and Marcia Angell both have compelling arguments; however, I agree more with well-supported Fleck’s arguments and conclusion while Marcia Angell arguments and conclusion are idealistic rather than concrete.
The aim of this essay is to explore the role of the health professional. This essay will look into the different team members that would be dispatched to the scene of the major incident. It will look into different concepts, such as ethical and moral dilemmas the professional may have to deal with. It will also look in to the professional qualities and values needed to practise in a specific field and explain how and why a professional body regulates practise and conduct for specific professions.