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How will technology affect the future jobs
Impact of technology on the workforce
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The robots are taking over!!! This is the idea that Kevin Kelly stresses and elaborates on in his article “Better than Human:Why Robots Will-and must-Take Our Jobs”. The article focuses on automation in the workplace and how most of the jobs that are currently done by humans will be taken over by robots in the future. Kelly believes that this is inevitable and that it is a positive thing. While I believe that most of our jobs will be taken over in the future, I do not think that Kelly did a great job at trying to prove his point and his argument was mediocre. Kelly starts off his argument by relating back to the industrial revolution. “Two hundred years ago, 70 percent of American workers lived on the farm. Today automation has eliminated all but 1 percent of their jobs, replacing them (and their work animals) with machines. But the displaced workers did not sit idle. Instead, automation created hundreds of millions of jobs in entirely new fields” (299). One thing that Kelly did that was effective was relate back to …show more content…
“First, machines will consolidate their gains in already automated industries. After robots finish replacing assembly line workers, they will replace the workers in warehouses. Speedy bots able to lift 150 pounds all day long will retrieve boxes, sort them, and load them onto trucks. Fruit and vegetable picking will continue to robotized until no humans pick outside of specialty farms” (300). Kelly just goes on and on about how almost every job is going to disappear and humans will be forced to find new jobs. He states how it is inevitable, which is a scary way to put it. In my opinion I think Kelly went a little bit overboard. Yes, he is allowed to form and state his own opinion, but he could have done it in a way that won’t terrify the people reading this
In her introduction, Barbara Garson gives the reader an idea of her personal work experience as a clerk with automation. One can see that Garson is a strong critique of automation. In order to convey how automation is affecting our society the author begins by analyzing and studying various jobs from the bottom on up (i.e. starting with the most unskilled labor).
Though Ure’s intensions may not have been to directly criticize the capabilities of human beings, his excessive endorsement of machines had a negative impact on the human work forces. Ure states that human industry would become vastly productive “when [this industry] no longer proportioned in its results to muscular effort, which is by its nature fitful and capricious.” Statements such as these seems to categorizes human efforts as something that is useless and inadequate, even though for many centuries everything was woven, packaged, and created through the use of human hands. There is an enormous gap in Ure’s appraisal of human capabilities versus machine capabilities that seems to be consistent throughout his book. An example of this bias towards human versus machines is shown when he explains machines as a “blessing which physio-mechanical science has bestowed on society, and … [it is] ameliorating the lot of mankind.” This pedestal Ure places machines on is very demoralizing towards humans, as it essentially makes people obsolete. The execution of his influence in this book geared his readers towards a perspective that humans are too flawed to be profitable, rather than to express the uniting capabilities of man and
He uses a matter of fact tone that fills them with more fear than reassurance about what he has written. “90 percent of today’s occupations will likewise be replaced with automation … Yes reader, even your job will be taken by machines,” (300). He states multiple times that robots will take over all human jobs that we need to simply should just let it happen. I am sure that a person does not want to hear that a robots/machines will be eventually taking over all human jobs and that the only job left for humans will be finding jobs for the robots because that will be the very only thing
Pethokoukis, James. “How the rise of smart machines will affect the US economy and jobs: A Q&A with Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee.” Aei-Ideas.org. Web. 27 April 2014.
Vincent, James. Advances in artificial intelligence could lead to mass unemployment, warn experts. 29 January 2014.
With the rise of artificial Intelligence innovation, It is predicted that there will be a massive decline in job opportunities in the near future. Studies show that 47% of all job opportunities will be occupied by machines in the next two decades (Stark). Furthermore, Stark includes an opposing opinion on the idea of AI taking over jobs “Evidence shows us that if technology really destroyed jobs, there would be no work today for anyone” (Lacelle). This opposing idea gives another perspective towards the whole idea of the AI uprising. It was predicted that Artificial Intelligence would replace middle-skilled workers such as; freight agents, telemarketers and Tax accountants. Whereas, skilled workers like Entrepreneurs, writers, healthcare professionals, scientist and artist would be the most secure. The explanation behind this is that humans work best at jobs which require them to interact with others while machines work best when they just follow a pattern. Furthermore, the site insinuates that although machines are going to take over basic manual labour, there are still going to be more job opportunities on the rise for us
Moshe Vardi, a professor in computational engineering at Rice University claims that he believes that in 2045, the unemployment rate will be at 50% and possibly even higher. “In 30 years, Vardi says, computers will be able to perform almost any job that humans can. One assumes this includes working as a professor of computational engineering. Vardi foresees unemployment as surpassing 50 percent by 2045” (cnet.com). If there comes a time when the world is filled with computers and technology that can compete tasks without humans, I believe that no one will be happy with this outcome. As stated in A World Without Work, “But as manufacturing shifted abroad after World War II, Youngstown steel suffered, and on that gray September afternoon in 1977, Youngstown Sheet and Tube announced the shuttering of its Campbell Works mill. Within five years, the city lost 50,000 jobs and $1.3 billion in manufacturing wages. The effect was so severe that a term was coined to describe the fallout: regional depression.” With technology improving so fast at an alarming rate, there can be no guarantee that many will have jobs in the future. Food and products would become cheaper to produce causing the employees getting fired as a result. This may seem as a benefit, but in the long run, the nation as a whole can become weaker. “ As technology evolves, we find better, faster, cheaper ways to produce more goods and services at lower cost. We become, in a word, more efficient. In response to which, we idle our less productive resources in order to put overwhelming strain on our more productive resources. To use a sports metaphor, we put more players on the bench so that we can completely exhaust our more skilled players. Or, in an engineering metaphor, we distribute a larger load over fewer supports, in order to throw away more supports. This is not a net increase of efficiency.
The society raises the question of who’s smarter? Computers or humans.Thomas states that “Neither. It’s the two together, working side by side”(347).Human brain and computers have different strengths, the society can achieve a better outcome by collaborating the two powers. The chess players advancement in chess competitions is a great example given by Thompson.However, the fear of change and of the unfamiliar is holding us back from admiring the benefits of technology, Throughout history, humankind has shown concerns about every invention “we panic¬—then quickly set about deducing how they can be used to help us work, meditate and create”( Thomspon 353).Furthermore, The technological revolution drives us toward a new form of behavior and future.
Equivalently important to the cost of goods and services, humans being able to work jobs may decrease due to replacement of employment with automation. According to an article by Carl Benedikt and Michael A. Osborne, it made mentioned about automation being used by companies if they are not capable of paying a higher amount of minimum wage. This means that if automation starts to be more reliable on employment than humans then eventually the long term effect is that there will be no jobs left for humans because with automation, people won’t have to pay them to work. To follow from the same article, “Oxford University researchers Carl Benedikt Frey, PhD, and Michael A. Osborne, DPhil, stated in a 2013 study that ‘robots are already performing many simple service tasks such as vacuuming mopping, lawn mowing, and gutter cleaning,”(Frey, Carl) This is proof that automation is evolving at a steady pace and could potentially be ready soon to work jobs and if minimum wage increases then taking the facts and putting it together, companies may turn to automation with no hesitation. Some places have already started the thinking process about using automation, “The Washington Post observed that as minimum wage campaigns gain traction around the country, ‘Many [restaurant] chains already at work looking for ingenious ways to take humans out of the picture, threatening workers in an industry that employs 2.4 million wait staffers, nearly 3 million cooks and food preparers
It cites the “off-the-shelf” code available and the explosion of digital startups. It extends the argument further by saying these firms firms will in the future employ millions of employees, replacing the ones displaced by automation. Throughout the article The Economist argues that innovation replaces the jobs it destroys, and this is one of the only lines of logic that shows how this could hold true for the automation revolution. It notes that the industry for tech companies as a whole is fairly immature and that as it grows it should employ more people, similar to how Google, a relatively mature company, employs 43,000 employs. This point is key because it counters the argument that tech startups will only result a a handful of billionaires reaping all the
A 2014 Oxford study found that the number of U.S. workers shifting into new industries has been strikingly small: In 2010, only 0.5 percent of the labor force was employed in industries that did not exist in 2000. The discussion about humans, machines and work tends to be a discussion about some undetermined point in the far future. But it is time to face reality. The future is now. (UPI Top
What will happen after the end of jobs? The hierarchy of labour is concerned primarily with automation. As we’ve invented ways to automate jobs, we could create room for people to assume more complex roles, moving from the physical work that dominated the pre-industrial globe to the cognitive labour that characterizes strategic and administrative work in our globalized society. Let's take a look at trucking, it currently employs millions of individuals in the United States alone. What will happen to them if the self-driving trucks promised by Tesla’s Elon Musk become widely available in the next decade? But on the other hand, if we consider the lower risk of accidents, self-driving trucks seem like an ethical choice. The same scenario could happen to office workers, as well as to the majority of the workforce in developed countries. Another topic is how machines can affect our behaviour and interaction. Artificially intelligent bots are becoming better and better at modelling human conversation and relationships. This milestone is only the start of an age where we will frequently interact with machines as if they are humans; whether in customer service or sales. While humans are limited in the attention and kindness that they can expend on another person, artificial bots can channel virtually unlimited resources into building relationships. Another interesting topic is racist robots. How do we eliminate AI bias? Though artificial intelligence is capable of a speed and capacity of processing that’s far beyond that of humans, it cannot always be trusted to be fair and neutral. Google and its parent company Alphabet are one of the leaders when it comes to artificial intelligence, as seen in Google’s Photos service, where AI is used to identify people, objects and scenes. But it can go wrong, such as when a camera missed the mark on racial sensitivity, or when a software used to predict future criminals showed bias against black
Robots of the world! The power of man has fallen! A new world has arisen: the Rule of the Robots! March! (Capek, 1921). This was a grim scene from the first play to coin the term robot. From the very first literature to use the term robot, these creatures of man were made out to be feared. Now we enter the age where early science fiction authors predicted we would all have our own personal robots. The actual science behind intelligent robotic-thought has been harder than imagined but not impossible. In fact I have found research that shows that these authors were not all that far off. But what effect will it have on humanity? Will Robots take over the world? I think not. .
Another threat, more relevant to us right now, stems from a long-held fear that machines will gradually take most of the world’s jobs. Elon Musk, has warned that AI is our biggest existential threat (BBC, 2014.) Even today, flavors of AI are rapidly seeping into our everyday lives via self-driving cars, GPS systems and virtual assistants such as Siri and Alexa. Won’t more jobs be given to the highly efficient and logical decision-making capabilities of computers and robots? What jobs will be left for the inferior, fallible
For many years robots have been used in factories and manufacturing processes to help humans do simple jobs. In the past robots were used for huge tasks such as in the production of a car by welding it or painting it. The future of robots in factories and manufacturing lies in the change of their utility. Robots are now being developed to do small tasks that take a high rate of precision. They also are being made to be smaller and easily reprogrammable, so they can do more than just one task in a singular location. The transition of robots taking a bigger role in the manufacturing process which forces out human workers is because of the reliability of having a consistent worker. Infosys an AI research company states, “ With robots attaining greater degrees of sensitivity in their touch capabilities, savvy manufactures are embracing robotics in greater volume to increase efficiency and work rates on production, picking and packing lines” (Limited, 2017) With robots becoming more advanced and cheaper to buy and operate many businesses have switched to robotics instead of workers. Robots can work continuously without stopping for a lunch break or to go home every 8 hours. In areas of the world that have high wages, robots are becoming an easy way for companies to cut cost by firing human employees they no longer need. They do not require a lot of training, which is an added cost to a company every time they hire a new human employee. Robots can also take over jobs that are dangerous for a human to do and perform the task at a higher success rate as well. In February of 2017 an article written by Kristin Houser explained how, a precision technology company in China replaced 90% of human employees with robots and saw 250% increase in production. A few of the issues with robots include the time needed to integrate and program