Abstract - In this paper aircraft drag is considerably reduced by a design and change in deflection of wing even with the increase in speed of aircraft. Aircraft drag depends on the aspect ratio of the wing, thus by reducing the surface area and twisting the wing about its vertical axis (pivoted axis) to a particular angle without compromising the lift force generated, the drag force was considerably reduced. As a result a speed of 0.3 mach was raised to 1.2 mach experimentally non-symmetrical wing of various length nearer to 1m is designed, analyzed and deflected from its pivoted section, drag produced around the wing is drastically reduced. Drag produced at different angle is compared with the drag produced at 00 deflections and by reducing …show more content…
At low Mach numbers induced drag dominates drag concerns. Airplanes during takeoff and gliders are most concerned with induced drag. One way to reduce induced drag is to increase the aspect ratio of the lifting surface. At lower speeds, during takeoffs and landings, an oblique wing would be positioned perpendicular to the fuselage like a conventional wing to provide maximum lift and control qualities. As the aircraft gained speed, the wing would be pivoted to increase the oblique angle, thereby reducing the drag and decreasing fuel consumption.
At high speeds, both subsonic and supersonic, an oblique wing would be pivoted at up to 60 degrees to the aircraft's fuselage for better high-speed performance. Fig-1 Multiple exposure of aircraft showing wing positions
Oblique wing aircraft aircraft show large cross coupling in control and dynamic behaviour.
II.DRAG OVER THE WING
A.SELECTION OF AEROFOIL
An aerofoil is the shape of a wing. With low coefficient of drag an aerofoil is selected from various aerofoil of same Reynolds number and mach number.
Table – Selig aerofoil S4320
Name of airfoil
Alpha
Co-efficient of lift
Co-efficient of drag
S4320 0
5
10
15 0.094
“Flight Patterns,” by Sherman Alexie, tells an interesting story of a man named William, who is a Spokane Indian and lives in Washington State with his wife Marie and five-year-old daughter Grace. William struggles with living between the traditionalist American and Indian worlds by appearing confident and assured, but on the inside, he is actually weak, fearful, and has an abundance of obsessions. He loves his job and hates it at the same time, He needs to fly for his job, but flying scares him since the terrorist attacks that happened on September 11th. He seems very indecisive and unassured at times. He stays in the same hotel chain, eats at the same restaurants, and has the same exercise routine while
Activity #1 FLIGHT A kid named Zits who lives in Seattle, is only fifteen years old. He’s tall, skinny, ugly, and sometimes mean. He also has forty-seven zits and that’s where he gets his name from. Zits is Irish, Indian and is a foster child.
The book Flight written by Sherman Alexie is about a 15 year old part Native American
It all started when two brothers began to design wings for the new Nazi regime in Germany. With the outbreak of WWII in 1939, the Horton brothers continued their groundbreaking work under a shroud of secrecy. But while the Germans were developing their wings, a forty year old American aircraft designer called Jack Northrop was quietly working on a flying wing design of his own. Jack had been dreaming about flying wings since the 1920s , and had long held the belief that the way to success in wing design was by reducing the drag created by a tail and fuselage. In the end he got rid of the tail altogether.
Many people are amazed with the flight of an object, especially one the size of an airplane, but they do not realize how much physics plays a role in this amazing incident. There are many different ways in which physics aids the flight of an aircraft. In the following few paragraphs some of the many ways will be described so that you, the reader, will realize physics at work in the world of flight.
Drag is caused by the disrupted air immediately behind an object moving through fluid/air. It acts perpendicular to and in the opposite direction of travel of the object and impedes the motion of the object. It would make sense that if the drag is minimized, the object will travel farther. Lift or curve in the motion of an object through air is a phenomenon that is noticeable in a ball traveling through fluid/air. This change in direction is due to the effect that spin has on the object in motion.
The basic concepts of lift for an airplane is seen. The air that is flowing splits to move around a wing. The air that that moves over the wing speeds up creating lower pressure which means that the higher pressure from the air moving slower under the wing pushes up trying to equalize the pressure. The lift generated can be affected by the angle at which the wing is moving into the flowing air. The more surface area of the wing resisting against the flow of air can either generate lift or make the plane dive. This can be easily simulated in everday life. Next time you are riding in a car with someone stick your hand out the window. Have your fingers pointing in the direction of the motion of the vehicle. Now move your hand up and down slightly. You can feel the lift and drag that your hand creates.
For a plane to create lift, its wings must create low pressure on top and high pressure on the bottom. However, at the tips of the wings, the high pressure pushes and the low pressure pulls air onto the top of the wing, reducing lift and creating a current flowing to the top. This current remains even after the wing has left the area, producing really awesome vortices.
What is aerodynamics? The word comes from two Greek words aerios concerning the air, and dynamis, meaning powerful. Aerodynamics is the study of forces and the resulting motion of objects through the air. Humans have been interested in aerodynamics and flying for thousands of years, although flying in a heavier-than-air machine has been possible only in the last hundred years. Aerodynamics affects the motion of a large airliner, a model rocket, a beach ball thrown near the shore, or a kite flying high overhead. The curve ball thrown by big league baseball pitchers gets its curve from aerodynamics.
As the air flows over the wing producing lift, it grabs onto the wings surface and causes drag. Drag can be measured by the equation D=Cd 1/2 (pV2)S, much like the lift equation. The drag coeficent Cd is found, again, by determining ...
Since the beginning of recorded history, humans have always had a fascination with flight. Now that we live in a world where boarding an airplane and flying across the country – or even the world - is simply a part of everyday life, the wonder of flight has diminished for many. Despite this, physics students from all around continue to delight in the many physical forces that play a part in keeping these huge objects (like jumbo jets) from falling out of the sky!
Wings create lift for the upward force of an airplane. A great example of how this happens is sticking your hand out of a car window driving down the freeway. The force on your flat palm causes a force that can lift your hand up or down by changing the
Newton's third law, stated above, explains how the remaining lift force is produced. Lift is generated when the air hits and is deflected off of the underside of the wing. This deflection of air downwards, in turn, causes an upward lift force on the wing since there must be an "equal and opposite reaction force."(Newman) This force accounts for a relatively small portion of the total lift generated for a wing.(JEPPESEN 1-13)
Ever since I was little I was amazed at the ability for a machine to fly. I have always wanted to explore ideas of flight and be able to actually fly. I think I may have found my childhood fantasy in the world of aeronautical engineering. The object of my paper is to give me more insight on my future career as an aeronautical engineer. This paper was also to give me ideas of the physics of flight and be to apply those physics of flight to compete in a high school competition.
The equations of motion for any given airplane are non-linear in nature. It is linearised by making certain assumptions. The assumptions are as follows: