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Ethical issues with pharmaceutical companies
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Ethical issues in drug companies
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The Effects of Institutions on the Science
Institutions are crucial for our society to be successful because it is a social and academic construction of a community in that institutions help us interact with each other and promote scientific research and findings, regardless of the cultures and values that each individual believes in; without institutions, there would be no order and stability in society. However, in the essay “Rent Seeking and the Making of an Unequal Society” by Joseph Stiglitz, Stiglitz disagrees by arguing that institutions actually prevent scientific research to evolve into scientific discoveries because monopolists and dominant forms such as Microsoft suppress innovation; however, this statement is unconscionable
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In both “Rent Seeking and the Making of an Unequal Society” and “Mega-Marketing of Depression in Japan,” both authors share a common theme; the decisions of a few key people in an organization could influence the whole population. In the essay “Rent Seeking and the Making of an Unequal Society” by Joseph Stiglitz, Stiglitz states that the government has the power to do anything, especially in the economy; For example, when he states “Government has the power to move money from the top to the bottom and the middle, or vice versa,”(394) he is stating that the government has the power to either contribute to the financial gap between the rich and the poor or lessen the financial gap between the rich and the poor. Stiglitz is arguing that because the government is only either contributing to the financial gap or not doing anything to lessen the gap, giving all the power to only a few people is ridiculous. Although Stiglitz is correct in that the government is contributing to the financial gap between the rich and the poor, he is not aware of how the wealthy could be spending the money; the rich could be donating to science buildings, allowing for scientists to research into greater depth. After all, research requires funding and science costs money. Clearly, giving only a few people a lot of power is not always unreasonable because there’s always a possibility that the few people could donate money to scientific research, promoting scientific research . Similarly, in the essay “Mega-Marketing of Depression in Japan” by Ethan Watters, Watters states that giving all the power to GlaxoSmithKline is not reasonable because giving it full power allows it to control the cultural conception of anyone by manipulating or controlling. However, Watters is disregarding the notion that if all the pharmaceutical companies had equal power, there would be too much
This article was stimulating to me because it related with me on a personal level. I have been discriminated upon many times in my life and this article excellently explained how white privilege plays a role in determining which groups are in the high or low end of the hierarchy spectrum. In Sklar’s article, Imagine a Country, she explains the growing income inequality between individuals by using several statistics that show the rising wealth gap between the lower, middle, and upper class. Throughout her article, Sklar addresses the controversial topic of high government spending by pointing out that there is an unequal amount of resources that are distributed between large programs such as defense and social programs that help reduce poverty. Her critics have stated that because she is presenting statistical facts as it pertains to income inequality, that she is therefore obligated to include proposals that will address and solve this dilemma. The purpose of this article, contrary to what her critics have criticized her for, is not to present a solution to this
Stiglitz in his article “Of the 1%, by the 1%, for the 1%,” “In terms of wealth rather than income, the top 1 percent control 40 percent” (746). But hold on. What does that mean for the bottom 25% of Americans that Ehrenreich was working with? Looking at taxes, starting somewhere around 1998 the top 1% was having to pay more in taxes than the bottom 90% (Holmes). This means that the approximately three million top 1% make more money each year than the bottom 270 million. With numbers like those how can we think only 15.8% of the country is in poverty? Also, how can we expect the lowest wage earners of the 90% to survive without help? In reality we can’t. Look at the millions of homeless and hungry in this country. However, there are exceptions to
“Convincing the non-elite that inequality is morally right. Those most advantaged are justified in giving orders and receiving a greater proportion of valued goods and services, or at least, creating doubts about alternatives. All, individuals strive for cognitive consistency and will develop principles of fairness, such as Distributive Justice. Lastly, there is some evidence for distribution based on need as a result of ability to understand the needs of others. This is called the process of legitimation […]” (2011:461).
One of the factors that create an imbalance of power within a society is a person's socioeconomic status. Often people with low socioeconomic status are undervalued in society. This imbalance can cause issues with the feelings of security and confidence. Also opportunities and choices can be limited for some people, but expanded to others. People often identify with roles of different socioeconomic status groups, based on their own socioeconomic status, and this can limit creativity and the potential of groups or individuals. If the world believes that people can go from “rags to riches” in America, then there should be an opportunity for all socioeconomic groups.
Functionalist argue that stratification is "necessary and beneficial" to a society to ensure the highest qualified individuals will fill the best societal positions. Inequality in the distribution of desirables exist as a device for ensuring that the most important positions are filled by the most qualified people. Certain jobs are more important than others, and those jobs require special skill and talent. The cycle of unequal opportunity is intensifying, and the United States beneficiaries often slander those who are the most systemati...
The division of wealth is unevenly distributed throughout society’s so called social ladder. The “haves,” those who run corporations or have major influence on government decisions, control the majority of the wealth and resource available to achieve that wealth. Their major purpose it to build on that wealth no matter what the consequence may be. Those decisions sometimes negatively impact the lives of the “have nots,” people who, like us, have minimal if any influence on corporate spending and decisions.
Social inequality has been around for as a long as history can recall. However, according to Joseph Stigliz, it was created by us and did not just appear. As we delve into the history of social inequality, several things stand out to the great economist Joseph stiglitz. In order for Stigliz to portray how inequality is alive today, he uses primarily the rhetorical analysis technique logos and a little ethos to explain how rent seeking causes inequality in many countries including our own.
There are many opportunities in America that can improve one’s wealth and power, thus leading to the mass amount of immigrants coming to American. Most immigrants that come to American usually are categorized as the lower class immigrants, but they take any opportunities to improve their economic status. In an article by Howard P. Chudacoff, it states “immigrants generally chose upward paths that led from manual labor into small proprietorships” (Chudacoff 1982: 104). This explains the reason why immigrants choose to come and stay in America. They start out small as laborers then over time they will work to own a small business. Even though immigrants gets to grow to move from the lower class to the middle class, the natives will be always
I believe that there is too much wealth and income inequality in the United States
In his total ignoring of the humanity of others, Jobs directly defies the ethics of innovation and of science. For instance, he commits flagrant plagiarism of an employee 's ideas. Jobs directly claims another 's intellectual property as his own while at Apple, as Jonathan Ive recounts, “He will go through the process of looking at my ideas and say, 'That 's no good. That 's not very good. I like that one. ' And later I will be sitting in the audience and he will be talking about it as if it was his idea.”5 Were Jobs in the realm of science, he would have been discredited and ignored for his penchant to claim the designs of others as his own. Yet, Jobs continues to have success—he is in the private marketing sector, not a purely scientific office or academia—success which is rather counter intuitive due to the nature of its mechanisms. Study of scientific past usually shows a trend of progress made through collaboration, and failure to adhere to that trend can be extremely detrimental to a field. For instance, the case of the dispute between Hermann von Hemholtz and Ewald Hering discussed in Oliver Sacks ' essay, “Scotoma: Forgetting and Neglect in Science,” is shown to be highly restrictive to the evolution of the scientific
In economic, social and political terms, equality is more of an idea than a reality for many people in America; the majority of money and power has been in the control of White men since colonial times. Ideologies like racism and sexism perpetuate the status quo by isolating under- privileged groups. Problems arise from divisions that are created between two under- privileged groups. For example, the cry for equality loses much of its power when it is fractured into several segmented cries. The book Outside the Magic Circle, addresses this issue. Organizations which successfully fought for equality, like the NCAPT, were destroyed by forces (such as anti communism) which essentially divide the groups’ members and the groups, themselves. Thus, any given group becomes ineffective. This book demonstrates that unity is the best way to fight for equality.
The historical context of inequality in the United States can be can be traced back to the American South and the times of the Civil War. The slave trade, Emancipation Proclamation and 13th Amendment largely contribute to the inequality presented of the African American population.
"The greatest trick the Devil ever pulled was convincing the world he didn't exist. And poof-he was gone" (Usual Suspects). Today's devil is not a physicla being, but a metaphorical one. That of inequality on a worldwide scale. Although people would like to think that social inequality has been all, but destroyed in modern society it is still featured heavily within our media. Social inequality is the process of society limiting or harming a group’s social status. Prejudice can be based on class, race, and gender. It exists in all levels of media and reality. To Kill a Mockingbird and The Hunger Games show classism while The Little Mermaid and Antigone display sexism. Racism can be seen in The Hotel on The Corner of Bitter and Sweet and Black Like Me.
For the past century, the United States of America has made countless advancements in technology, medicine, and many other fronts. As a society, it has advanced at an incredible rate, becoming a major world power in an incredibly short period of time. The biggest barriers that America is working on are currently taking place within its own borders; civil rights and the battle for equality have men and women of every race up and arms. Specifically, the fight against sexism is the most modern struggle in America. Discrimination against women is harmful to both men and women; it holds women back into a useless position and forces men to take the brunt of the work. Men are expected to work, but women are almost expected not to, and instead "be nothing more than dangling, decorative ornaments--non-thinking and virtually non-functional” (Chisholm 4). There is progress to be made in the American society in its attitude and treatment of women. Gender inequality continues to be a social problem in the business, family, and personal lives of women.
Money is an essential part of life where every people can satisfy whatever they need and every person in America has a chance to find a job. However, some of the people in the country wanted to go on with their life freely by being a part of a welfare. Furthermore, distribution of wealth is a huge demand of every citizen. Everyone today is trying to look down for every people in the lower class, as they did not give any benefit to the country, waiting for the benefits that they will receive from the government. For instance, when most lower class people have gone through a financial crisis due to overspending, insufficient fund or pay for their work to support themselves and/or their family. The example shows that lower class people made the economy of the country unstable, however, the middle class and the higher class is at fault as well. Furthermore, even though the benefit of that the lower class received is from the middle class, the middle class as well benefits from the higher class. To sum up, every class is at fault towards giving the country’s economy a positive