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How government policy has impacted on growth
Importance of political ideologies
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Most of the nations of the world have a government based on either Liberal or Social Democracy. Liberal Democracy is defined as a representative form of entity that values on individual liberties and a free market economy. The United States is the prime example of a Liberal Democracy. Social Democracy is also a representative entity which the government provides certain entitlements such as Universal Healthcare and education. The free market economies in social democracies are heavily regulated which includes high taxation. Germany and Greece are examples of Social Democracies. Is there an alternative democratic form of government other than the liberal and social democracies?
In Glenn Sanakatsing’s document “PEOPLE’S VOTE COMPATIBLE WITH PEOPLE’S FATE A democratic alternative to liberal democracy” he proposes an alternative to the current systems of liberal and social democracy. He proposes an alternative which is a representative democracy based on development theory. Development theory is collection of ideas about how desirable change in society is best achieved. He argues of the multiple failures of both liberal and social democracies. Both systems are based on delegation as a means of creating and directing national policies. The voter selects a delegate and that delegate through a top to down approach creates laws and policies which all citizens have to follow. He argues that the delegate main purpose in governing is to secure power for him/herself and survival for the political party. In most nations there are two types of political parties known as the right and the left. In the United States conservatives and liberals dominate the political spectrum and there is no room for other political principles such as libertariani...
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...lues, principles are examples of culture and one can contribute to any aspect of the culture while institutions are specific in nature and has no room for any kind of flexibility or diversity.
In conclusion there are alternatives to the liberal and social democracies. The development theory is the alternative and has been attempted through the East Asian Model. However despite some early success it did not bring long term economic benefits. As more and more nations are seeing the flaws of liberal and social democracies new idea and principles will be forged in order to bring equality and harmony to the nation. The development theory is what it is a theory that needs real practical policies that can bring benefits for everybody. Maybe future generations can solve the current problems of economic and political instabilities that are seen throughout the world today.
“ … we… need an alternative to winner-take-all majoritarianism… with Nikolas’s help… I call [this] the ‘principle of taking turns.’ [It] does better than simple majority rule… it accommodates the values of self-government, fairness, deliberation, compromise, and consensus that lie at the heart of the democratic ideal” (para.
Janda, Kenneth. Berry, Jeffrey. Goldman, Jerry (2008). The Challenge of Democracy (9th ed.). Boston; New York: Houghton Mifflin Company.
The first ideal concept from the constitution is a representative democracy. A representative democracy is a system where the citizens elect officials to serve on their behalf. A representative democracy is a form of “Republicanism”(Marks;9/8,16). This form of democracy shouldn’t be mistaken with direct democracy. Where all of the citizens vote on public policies and what the country does. On the
A democracy cannot exist as a permanent form of government. It can only exist until the voters discover that they can vote themselves largesse from the public treasury. From that moment on, the majority always votes for the candidates promising the most benefits from the public treasury, with the result
Democratic socialism is a form of government whose popularity is growing exponentially. It is found that democratic socialism is a better alternative to capitalism and communism, two other very popular forms of government. Democratic socialism can be considered the best form of government because key industries are nationalized, there is an even distribution of wealth, and it produces a well working economy.
For all the times the capitalist notion has influenced the way of trading and getting wealthy. The theory of modern democracy has been developed and exercised just during recent few centuries. The concepts of democracy and capitalism are considered to be interconnected; however, current critics of liberal democracy try to separate them. Democracy and capitalism have always been either in a tense or totally contradicting relationship. Capitalism feels secure when it is governed by someone possessing capital or identifying with its needs. In sharp contrast to this, democracy is ruled by majority which does not own capital or identify with the demands of capitalism (Delanty, 2012).
In On Democracy, Robert Dahl presents five criteria that states are required to meet in order to satisfy the primary aim of democracy, which is to provide political equality to all of its citizens (1998, 37). The criteria include effective participation, equal voting, enlightened understanding, open agenda setting and inclusion. (Dahl, 1998, 38). Above these criteria, this paper will only focus on effective participation and enlightened understanding to apply them to India; this is because its citizens are going through a tough time with the two criteria to become a state with effective democracy. Therefore, this paper will demonstrate that India is in the process of achieving effective participation, but significantly lacks enlightened understanding.
Firstly, K. Isbester mentions that democracy has a different meaning for everyone, as some can define democracy as a good aspect for development, on the contrary other believe that it is nothing more than voting after several years. Although, Latin America see democratic g...
The current plight of poor democracy in various developing countries has however raised concerns in regards to just how effective the form of governance may be. Many developing worlds are in this day faced with numerous challenges as far as their democratic governance is concerned. True to this statement, other nations such as Chile has even been taken aback to forms of democracy that are greatly oppressive, begging the question as to whether there really is any democracy in such a state. Municipal and global entities alike, have taken initiative in an attempt to grasp a better understanding of what exactly are the key impediments to democratization in developing worlds, as discussed in this paper.
In his article, Democracy as a Universal Value, Amartya Sen asserts that democracy is a universal value. In order to develop his argument Sen needs to state his definition of democracy and define what he means by universal value. In the course of Sen's argument he gives his view of the relationship between democracy and the economy. He then defends his view of democracy as a universal value against a main argument that deals with cultural differences between regions.
He then further explains the growth pattern between those eras which has led to the current ideology of liberal democracy. He believes that liberal democracy is the best ideology and that it is the final stage in human ideological development. He further suggested that human history should be viewed as a progression or battle of ideologies. With the current trend of universalization of liberal democracy and individualism, both characteristics of Western culture, he argues that Western liberal democracy has become the grand victor. He also asserts that despite the liberal democratic ideology has not completely been realized in the material world, the idea has been accepted and has triumphed over all alternate ideologies.
Several forms of government have been formed since the development of centralized power. The form of government that has showed the most international growth in the last century is democracy. There are currently over 160 democracies in the world today. These democracies, however, are not complete democracies. They are representative democracies that have been created by the leaders of our predominantly patriarchal international system. Due to this, many citizens of these democracies are considered second class citizens and their views are not heard by their supposedly democratic society. A solution to this problem is participatory democracy. Participatory democracy is better than the existing patriarchal society because it allows the progression of society as a whole, eliminates political oppression, and creates a predominantly equal political culture for the citizens it governs. There is much evidence that proves that the advantages of participatory democracy heavily outweigh the drawbacks and that it is a better way of government than patriarchy. This evidence can be found in historical analysis, scrutiny of the patriarchal international system, the development of participatory democracy, and the values of a participatory democracy versus the values of a patriarchal democracy.
The democratic peace theory stems from the generally optimistic liberal tradition which advocates that something can be done to rectify the effects of an anarchical system, especially when it comes to war or conflict. For democratic peace theorists, the international system should be one in which cooperation and mutual benefits of the states are taken into consideration. The theory depends on liberal ideologies of civil liberties, democratic institutions and fairly elected governments and claims that liberal democracies are different from other systems of government as they do not conflict with other democracies due to the very nature of the liberal thinking and the pacifying role that democracy itself plays. According to the theory, the thought process behind democracies abstaining from war is that going to war would bring an end to peace which in turn would only bring damage against itself.... ... middle of paper ...
There have been enormous efforts to spread democracy as a political system throughout the world by the developed democratic countries and the international development organizations including the World Bank. By the late 1990s the United States alone spent over a half billion dollars to promote democratic expansion throughout the world (Diamond, 2003). These were done considering that the democratic system leads towards development. As a result in the late 20th century we saw a huge political transformation towards democracy. During the last few decades a huge number of countries adopted democracy as their political system. However, it retain a big question how far democracy is successful in bringing development of a country? At this stage, some people also criticizes the effort of democratization arguing that it is done without considering the context of a country, sometimes democracy is not ideal for all countries and it is an effort to extinct diversity of political system. In studying the literature regarding the debate, we found a paradoxical relationship between democracy and development. Some argue that democracy has failed to ensure expected outcomes in terms of development. While others confronted that democracy has a considerable impact on development. Another group of people argue that form of political system actually does not have any impact on development process. On the verge of these debates, some development institutions and academics throw light on why democracy is not working properly, and what measure should be taken to make it more successful in bringing effective development of developing countries. Consequently, this writing is an effort of revisiting the different views about impact of democra...
The foundation of the modern political system was laid in the times when the world was strangled in slavery. In those moments, enlightened minds in Greek came up with the new system that was there to remain for the next thousands of years. This system, now known as democracy, is a form of government in which supreme power is vested to the people themselves. People have the right to elect their leaders directly or indirectly through a scheme of representation usually involving periodically held free elections. A new democratic government is usually established after every 4-5 years, and it is trusted with the responsibility to cater to the needs of all the people irrespective of the fact that they voted for them or not. Although the minorities may not be very pleased with the idea of democracy, however, a democratic government is certainly the best because it establishes social equality among people, reduces the conflicts in the state to a minimum, gives the chance to vote repeatedly, and creates patriotism.