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U.S. policies regarding Native Americans
British problems in the Revolutionary War
British imperial policies between 1763-1776
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Recommended: U.S. policies regarding Native Americans
Although the the British victory over the French in North America did not explicitly cause the American Revolution, its consequences set the stage for independence as colonists increasingly felt that their British liberties were being disavowed, and in turn, began to identify more as Americans rather than Englishmen. Imperial regulations regarding newly acquired territories appeased Native Americans but prohibited westward expansion and consequently, ignited colonial protest. Overburdened with debt after the war, Great Britain imposed a series of taxes for the sole purpose of gaining revenue, which greatly provoked American colonists who believed they were inadequately represented in such legislation. Lastly, the defeat of the French would eventually propel them to consider supporting the American cause against their longstanding British rivals. Following the Treaty of Paris in 1763, many Native Americans grew concerned with British encroachment on their territory. In dealing with Pontiac’s Rebellion, Parliament passed the Proclamation of 1763, …show more content…
which recognized all land west of the Appalachians to be under native control. While this satisfied the Native Americans, it led to colonial dissent because colonists felt as though imperial rule hindered expansion and discouraged colonial prosperity. These perspectives would be an important precursor to rising anti-British sentiments in colonial America. At the end of the French and Indian War, Britain’s debt had skyrocketed.
Thus, George III and Parliament ended salutary neglect, a policy that exempted the colonies from British revenue standards to ensure loyalty. The Sugar Act of 1764 was essentially just an extension of the Molasses Act of 1733. However, instead of promoting mercantilism as the Molasses Act did, the Sugar Act regulated trade specifically to collect revenue for the national treasury and to empower British control, shown in the vice-admiralty courts that threatened colonists’ rights to fair trials. Subsequent taxation laws included, but were not limited to, the Stamp Act, Revenue Act, Tea Act, and “Intolerable Acts,” and were enforced on the grounds that colonists were virtually represented by Parliament, to which most colonists disagreed. In response, colonial resistance heightened and grew progressively more organized leading up to the Revolutionary
War. After being defeated in the French and Indian War, the American Revolution provided France with an opportunity for retaliation against Great Britain. However, they would not officially declare allegiance with the Americans until they could prove there was a true chance of them defeating Britain. Alternatively, the French supported the revolutionary cause through underground methods by supplying the American patriots with funds, arms, and military support. French aid greatly boosted American contention in the war, especially following the Battle of Saratoga in 1777, which finally convinced the French to ally with the U.S. and declare war on Britain. In conclusion, British success in the French and Indian War led to the gradual development of the American Revolution by stimulating opposition to British rule through land restrictions, taxation, and intercontinental conflicts. The outcomes of the French and Indian War fostered a unique American identity that would contribute immensely to the start of the Revolutionary War in 1776.
After the French and Indian War, Great Britain was in tremendous debt and had additional land to rule. By cause of their debt and their obligation to their new land, they began to put taxes on the colonists living in that land. The colonists were enraged because they were getting taxed without representation in British Parliament. Two acts that caused some of these reactions are the Stamp Act and the Townshend Acts. Overall, British actions after 1763 caused numerous reactions from the colonists, which led to the American Revolution.
From the time period 1775-1800, the American Revolution would impact the United States in political, social and economic ways.
During the War for American Independence, 78 men were commissioned as general officers into the Continental Army by the Continental Congress. Many of these generals commanded troops with differing levels of competence and success. George Washington is typically seen as most important general, however throughout the war a number of his subordinates were able to distinguish themselves amongst their peers. One such general was Nathanael Greene. At the end of the Revolutionary War, Greene would become Washington’s most important subordinate, as demonstrated by Edward Lengel’s assessment of Greene as “the youngest and most capable of Washington’s generals.” Washington and Greene developed a strong, positive and close relationship between themselves. Greene began his life in the military after having been raised a Quaker. With limited access to literature and knowledge in his younger years, Greene became an avid reader which equipped him with the knowledge necessary to excel as a general during the war. Through his devoted study of military operations, firsthand experience and natural abilities as a soldier, Greene became an excellent military commander. He would become known for his successful southern campaign, during which, he loosened British control of the South and helped lead the war to its climax at Yorktown. Throughout the war, he was involved in a number high profile battles where he built a reputation of being an elite strategist who also understood unconventional warfare, logistics, and the importance of military-civil affairs and had a natural political/social acumen. The thesis of this paper is that Greene’s proven reputation of being a soldier, strategist and statesman would cause him to become the second greates...
After the French Indian War ended, the Britain was in debt, and they also wanted to have more control of the colonies, and the colonists. They passed different acts and procedures in order to collect money, and hold the control of the colonists, and the colonies. Yet the colonists were not given any representation, and they were losing their freedoms one by one; these caused a serious tension between Britain and the colonies, which eventually lead to the American revolution, followed by the Declaration of Independence. The colonies were justified for declaring independence from England, because the king of England caused “repeated injuries and usurpations, all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute Tyranny over the states”("The
However, corrupt practices kept merchants in the colonies from having to pay the taxes. The Sugar Act was a modification of the Sugar and Molasses Act of 1733, so The had placed tax on each gallon, so The colonies stop having to pay the taxes.The Sugar Act of 1764 disrupted trade between the American colonies and French markets and was one of the laws that hastened, and ended with, the American Revolution. The growing disconnect between the American colonies and other British holdings in tax compliance inspired greater enforcement by the
The outcomes of the French and Indian war, led up towards the separation of the colonies from the government of Great Britain. One of the major problem that led to the American Revolution; was that Britain spent too much money on the French and Indian War, and wanted the colonies to help pay their debt. Therefore, Britain started to add taxes on specific goods in the colonies. The colonists were really disturbed about the taxes and because they did had no representation in Parliament. Moreover, the decision over the American Revolution is a significant period of time that molded the United States.
After the signing of the Treaty of Paris in 1763, England held the lion’s share of land on the eastern side of America. Unfortunately, English authorities were struggling to control the settlers, as they continued to press westward. In an effort to not only better-manage the colonies, but also pacify the grumblings of the Native Americans, King George III announced the Proclamation of 1763. This decree was intended to restrict white settlers from venturing beyond the peak of the Appalachian Mountains; but the frontier spirit of the settlers was strong and they continued to press on, the long hunters paving the way.
On April 5, 1764 parliament passed a modified version of The Sugar Act which was about to expire.But because of corruption, they mostly eroded the taxes and undercut the intention of tax. The Sugar Act reduce the rate of tax from 6 pence to 3 pence for gallon. The act also listed more foreign goods to be taxe including sugar, certain wines, coffee, pimiento, cambric and printed calico, and further, regulated the export of lumber and
The Sugar Act of 1764 was the first act used by the British to channel revenue into Britain. The British specifically stated in the Sugar Act, "…a revenue be raised in your Majesty's said dominions in America, for defraying the expenses of defending, protecting, and securing the same" (The Sugar Act). This proves that the British were using this act just to raise revenue because they needed it to defray the cost of fighting against the French. The act forced tariffs on goods being imported into the colonies. Examples of these goods were sugar, molasses, foreign indigo, and coffee. This angered the colonists because they were depending heavily on trade with other colonies and countries outside of the North American continent. The colonists specifically stated in a petition from the Massachusetts House of Representatives to the House of Commons on November 3, 1764 that a "prohibition will be prejudicial to many branches of its trade and will lessen the consumption of the manufactures of Britain" (King, Peter. Petition from the Mass...
The signing of the Treaty of Paris ended the seven years war, also known as the French and Indian War in North America. Britain came out owning all land East of the Mississippi River; Spain kept its land West of the Mississippi River but traded Florida for Cuba. On October 07, 1763 the Proclamation of 1763 was proclaimed by George III who prohibited all settlement west of Appalachian Mountains without guarantees of security from local Native American nations. This offended the thirteen colonies, “claim to exclusive right to govern lands to their West.” George III was wary of the cost of defending the colonies which is the reason for the Proclamation of 1763. The Sugar Act on April 05, 1764 was the
After the Portuguese and Spanish made a name for themselves in the New World, the English decided to start exploring and colonizing, too. Some of the main reasons the English came to the New World were the English economy, land, and religious freedom. Mercantilism was the main source of money for the economy, but when the European market collapsed in the 1550s, merchants had to find other ways to get the materials they needed to be able to trade. Land was also valuable because that was how people made their living, but when all the land in England was taken up they had to look elsewhere, which is why many of them sailed to the New World. One of the biggest issues was religious freedom. This was especially true for the Protestants who believed
The relationship between Britain and her Americans colonies slowly deteriorated between the 1750s and the beginning of the American Revolution. When the first British immigrants settled in America, the relationship of the colonies and their mother country was somewhat peaceful. In the following generations, however, their relationship became tenser as Britain imposed policies and taxes on unrepresented American colonists. The British believed they were right in doing so because they had large debts to pay from ongoing wars with France. These taxes caused uprisings among colonists which contributed to British occupation in America, leading to more rebellions. Eventually, the rift in the relationship between the colonists and the British led to the Revolutionary War and the formation of a new country.
The French and Indian War set the stage for future events that no one could ever have imagined. The economic practice of mercantilism, which insured profit only to the mother country was the accepted practice between England and her colonies. As long as these economic policies were met, England left much of the day to day governing of the colonies up to the colonies. It was this "salutory neglect" that ultimately led to the ideological differences between England and the colonies. England won the war, but it paid a great price for that victory. England was bankrupted, and as a result had no choice but to look to her colonies to regain financial stability. The pressures of taxation and naval restrictions imposed by the crown and Parliament, were viewed by the colonists as tyrannical acts. Although the colonies were on a path to becoming "Americanized" they held the lessons of Magna Carta, the Glorious Revolution of 1688-89 close to their heart. In their eyes, "Englishmen had rights" under the laws of the mother country. It was only when these laws were usurpted by the crown that the colonies had no choice but to protest their discontent. The political authority that England executed over the colonies after so many years of neglect led to the ideological differences that would ultimately result in the American Revolution.
The Sugar Act was passed in 1764 after the French and Indian war. The taxes brought about by the Sugar Act were different than the previous colonial taxes because they were not put in place to support the British economy but to replenish Parliament’s empty treasury. According to Revolution, an article written by Eric Foner and John Garraty, the act was intended “to prevent trade with the French West Indies” because Parliament “passed a prohibitive tariff on sugar, molasses, and other
The French and Indian War was the first event that took place. This seven years’ war was one of the causes of the United States’ conquest. The English won this war, causing the French to give up and went west of the Appalachians. The Indians then started war on the English’s forts in the west, which was known as “Pontiac’s Conspiracy”. Villages were burnt, and attacks on the Indians took place, but the British made a peace by issuing the Proclamation of 1763, which declared Indian lands beyond the Appalachians out of bounds to whites. This proclamation prohibited the colonial governments to buy land from the Native Americans, stopped attacks on the natives by the whites, and only allowed those dealing with trade to travel beyond that