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The influence of enlightenment on American society
The influence of enlightenment on American society
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The founding documents of the United States of America have persisted to prevail a message to Americans as models of excellence in their fulfillments of perfection to the best of their abilities. The instruments that shaped The United states of America are merely products of fragments composed together to produce a foundation in which the United States stand on. These fragments include ideologies from the European Enlightenment in the age of reason which prompted an American Enlightenment to start beginning in the 1700’s. Events surrounding the American Revolution were lessons for the authors of these founding documents to show the effects of they had upon being introduced to the citizens. Together The European and American Enlightenment …show more content…
Along with these ideologies came opposing figueres during the Age of Reason deemed “the enlightened thinkers” who opened a new outlook in systems of government which were later adopted by various revolutionary documents including the Declaration of independence. Those from whom most influenced the revolutionary documents of America were European the philosophers John locke, Montesquieu, Rousseau and Voltaire. The founding fathers of America examined varieties of government models and their final conclusion “The Constitution” particularly resembled the writing of the European philosophers. For example John Locke's basis’s, life, liberty, and property is best familiarized by the famous quote "Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness" from the Declaration of independence and a more evident proof is presented by the Fifth Amendment and Fourteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution stating “Governments cannot deprive any person of "life, liberty, or property" without due process of law.”. Montesquieu can also be credited extending the ideas of John Locke and for providing America the with a unique entity, separation of powers which was a neglected ideology by all European powers during the eighteenth century. The Declaration of Independence States “Governments …show more content…
These events started new ideas on how to keep government stable and best suitable to its citizens. An example of America's unique circumstance that helped fuel the fire of the revolution is the Quartering Act of 1974 opposed on the colonists by the British government. The quartering Act forced the colonists to accommodate the British soldiers in their homes, this event caused the Constitution to state in the third Amendment “No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law.” The uprising of farmers who refused to be taxed resulting in a bloody confrontations known as Shays Rebellion cause George Washington to rethink the confederation because of its weak stance on the matter. The opening words of the constitution “We the People …do ordain and establish this Constitution” addressed rebellions against the government and condemned them because of the events like Shays Rebellion. The unique events surrounding the Revolutions embedded there traces in the founding documents which are still in effect today. It took allot to create a country with a governmental structure that has stood for over two hundred years. The founding documents of the United States of America were built on extensive searches for which would be most suitable for Americans.
Shay's Rebellion was the first armed uprising of the new nation. It was caused by the absence of debt relief legislation in Massachusetts. When the Revolution ended, merchants and creditors lobbied for high taxes and against paper money. They were successful. These procreditor polices underminded farmers' finances. The legislation, including foreclosure laws, were extremely taxing to farmers and caused many to go into great debt. Many farmers were dragged to court where they faced high legal fees and threats of imprisonment because of their debt. In 1786, farmers in Massachusetts attended extralegal meetings where they protested against high taxes and aggressive eastern creditors. Bands of angry farmers joined together to close law courts with force and freed debtors and fellow protesters from jail. Resistance to the legislation climbed to a full-scale revolt. John Adams, president at the time, answered with the Riot Act, which outlawed illegal assemblies. The rebellion was suppressed by military force. The rebellion prompted leaders with national perspective to redouble their efforts and create a stronger central government.
Between the years of 1786 and 1787, there were a series of protests that were given the name “Shays’s Rebellion”. These protests consisted of farmers, who were unhappy with their situations in regards to taxes and debts. Shays’s Rebellion occurred in New England, and was the most prevalent in Massachusetts. The revolt was named after Daniel Shays, who was one of the leaders of this large rebellion. Shays’s Rebellion was a major turning point in American history because it influenced changing The Articles of Confederation, it resulted in tax relief and a moratorium on debt, and it raised public awareness.
By the late eighteenth century, the Enlightenment, or the Age of Reason as it was called had begun to rapidly spread across Europe. People began believing in the ideals of popular government, the centrality of economics to politics, secularism, and progress. This cultural movement was sparked by intellectuals and commonwealth thinkers such as the influential writer John Locke and the famous scientist Isaac Newton, both who emphasized the fact that man, by the use of reason, would be able to solve all of his problems-whether it be problems with the government, morals or the society. However, these ideals weren’t just limited to the European nations where they had first begun. On the other side of the world, off in the United States, American intellectuals began to reason with these ideas as well. As a result, the influence on the profound of modern economic and political thought had a huge impact on the United States, resulting in one of the most important documents in known in American history; the Constitution.
It was established for the United States to have a document based foundation for the country to be run on. These Enlightenment thinkers got our founding fathers John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison and George Washington all questioning God, Nature and Society. John Locke inspired our founding fathers to state in the document that all power should lie within out people. John Locke believed all people should have right to choose their leader. Montesquieu’s idea was also used in the United States Constitution. Montesquieu believed in the power of checks and balances, which means that not one branch of government gets too much power. Rousseau’s ideas were also presented in the United States Constitution. Rousseau’s idea was that all people get to vote for the president and congressmen. Other Enlightenment thinkers also have an influence on the United Sates Constitution. Voltaire’s ideas were also used he believed in religious freedom. The final thinker that is present in the structured law today is Cesare Beccaria. Beccaria believed that the accused have rights and that torture is unjust
The enlightenment period was full of social and intellectual growth. This time period changed the way people thought of the world and exposed the world to different cultures. It brought the world into several revolutions that will later contribute to great change for the modern world. Travel was significant during the enlightenment due to the enlightenment ideas that knowledge and information was gained through experience. In order for the people to get a better understanding of the world and gain information about other cultures, they had to travel to these people. During this era and time period of the enlightenment, travel was significant in order to get a quality and endless education. Denis Diderot shows the significance that travel did
In the making of the United States, there were many events that are important. This paper intends to highlight a few of those events including; Magna Carta, Mayflower Compact, Declaration of Independence, Articles of Confederation and the Federalist Papers. Many events in America’s history helped to establish the United States as a free and independent country. The Declaration of Independence in particular explains the rights and freedoms that Americans. Each document is like a stepping stones that leads to the next and building upon the pervious document.
Jefferson’s language in the Declaration of Independence shows clear influence from Locke and his theory of Life, Liberty, and Property. Locke’s idea of government is one that sets out to protect these rights and once a government becomes more destructive than useful it is the right of the people to dissolve the government and start over from scratch. It can be seen that Jefferson’s view of government, through his criticisms toward the British Parliament, are in direct alignment with Locke’s.
As you will see in this paper, I will point out many ways that these documents are still in effect today. In the end, you will understand how the United States of America came about. There are many things that I can compare to the Declaration of Independence and Common Sense pamphlet. Paine states “That government's sole purpose is to protect life, liberty and property, and that a government should be judged solely on the basis of the extent to which it accomplishes this goal.”
During the enlightenment period in the 1600’s to the 1700’s, writers like Locke, Montesquieu, and Rousseau influenced some of America’s founding documents, including the Virginia Declaration of Rights, the Declaration of Independence, the Constitution, and the Bill of Rights. During this time period, these writers had no idea that their works would impact such influential documents. The first document these writers influenced was the Virginia Declaration of Rights.
There are many different ways in which the Enlightenment affected the Declaration of Independence and the U.S Constitution. One way was the by the idea of a Social Contract; an agreement by which human beings are said to have abandoned the "state of nature" in order to form the society in which they now live. HOBBES, LOCKE, and J.J. ROUSSEAU each developed differing versions of the social contract, but all agreed that certain freedoms had been surrendered for society's protection and that the government has definite responsibilities to its citizens. Locke believed that governments were formed to protect the natural rights of men, and that overthrowing a government that did not protect these rights was not only a right, but also an obligation. His thoughts influenced many revolutionary pamphlets and documents, including the Virginia Constitution of 1776, and the Declaration of Independence. The Bill of Rights was created as a listing of the rights granted to citizens, the Bill of Rights serves to protect the people from a too powerful government. These civil rights granted to U.S. Citizens are included in the first 10 amendments to the U.S. Constitution. Additionally, Locke’s ideas about checks and balances and the division of church and state were later embodied in the U.S. Constitution as well. The Constitution replaced a more weakly organized system of government as outlined under the Articles of Confederation.
The declaration of independence adopted on July 4, 1776 draws influence heavily from the philosophy of John Locke. Who wrote his second Treatise On Government in 1690 stating that humans by nature are free, equal, and independent. Our saying that all people deserve the right of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness is a revision of Locke's philosophy. Which was originally just life, liberty, and property. Our founding fathers believed in this philosophy and made it the foundation of our country's beliefs. This had a domino effect on France who saw value of this philosophy in government and created their own version of the declaration of independence. Which would be entitled, The Declaration Of The Rights Of Man And
In terms of shaping political thought and institutions in America, no two documents have had more influence than that of the Declaration of Independence and the U.S. Constitution. The Declaration of Independence, drafted in 1776, was the zenith of the American Revolutionary campaign. Written largely by Thomas Jefferson, who was heavily influenced by John Locke’s ideas of natural rights, the document was as much a philosophical doctrine as it was a political one (Cummings 2015, 64). After being embroiled in a long, bloody war with Britain for over ten years, the Thirteen Colonies formally emancipated themselves from their mother country through the Declaration. They justified the Revolution and their need for independence in the document by
Think it’s easy to give up your celebratory pizza or quit your midnight snacking so easily?, to change your lifesytle in a snap? The 17th to the 18th century was considered as the Enlightenment or The Age of Reason. During the Enlightenment in Europe and Russia, philosophes or Enlightenment thinkers looked for patterns in nature and applied it to society to ameliorate it. People also challenged the old traditional ways of life and knowledge. What was their main idea? The main idea of the philosophes was greater individual freedom. This idea was a key part of their thinking in three areas: politics, religion, and the economy as well as social equality.
In the early ages,which also is known as the Age of Enlightenment, there were four Enlightenment Reformers,that brought changes to the corrections system. The four Enlightenment Reformers were William Penn, Cesare Beccaria , John Howard, and John Bentham. William Penn also known as the founder of Pennsylvania was also know for the Great Laws and the Quaker reform. The Great Laws reform was a reform that stated the Harsh and cruel punishment was wrong and ineffective and that he believed that Hard labor was a better of of deterring criminal acts verses giving the death penalty. The Quaker reform was based upon that criminals should have human treatment and that they are capable of changing and that they as well have rights. His biggest contribution
Kant’s definition of Enlightenment is man's emergence from his self-incurred nonage (immaturity). Immaturity is the inability to use one's own understanding without the external guidance. This immaturity is self-incurred by an individual and it is not because of lack of understanding, but rather lack of resolution and courage to use it without the guidance of another. So the motto of enlightenment is Sapere aude (Latin word which means ‘dare to know’ or ‘dare to be wise’) or in other words it is to have courage to use your own understanding. Reasons for the large proportion of people to be immature are laziness and cowardice. And it is convenient to immature as it is an easier option available. Suppose I have a book which understands me, a spiritual adviser to have a conscience for me, a physician to judge my diet for me and so on then I don’t need to make any efforts at all and I need not think as long as I can pay, others will take up my tiresome job and this is an easier choice than to do all the work by myself. Naturally lot of people prefer easier things instead of taking a chal...