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Literary themes alienation
Common themes in literature
Literary themes alienation
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Frank Kafka uses various themes throughout his work in The Metamorphosis. Two that stood out to me were the themes of alienation and social status. I feel as though Kafka uses Gregor’s transformation into a vermin as a metaphor to peek the readers interest and tell a frame narrative about society and class. Kafka uses his work to show his readers the alienation that Gregor feels in his life and the expectations his family, society and work have placed on him.
We dive into the theme of alienation right away when Gregor wakes in the early morning and realizes that he is no longer human but has turned into a giant vermin. Instead of worrying about his current predicament, Gregor is over come with guilt and burden knowing that he can no longer financially provide for his family. Gregor’s life has revolved around working at a job he hates just to pay of his Families debt and provide stability and comfort. Until this day Gregor’s family has shown little to no appreciation for everything that Gregor has done for them. From the
In The Metamorphosis Gregor was a working class man who only concerned himself with working and providing for his family. He had no friends, no life or love interest. Gregor was capital to his boss and his family. Without his labor his boss had no product to sell or money to make and without Gregory money his family would not have had a comfortable lifestyle. Once Gregor transformed into giant vermin he became useless to society and his family. He could no longer provide for his family, which in turn like the bourgeois, began treating him like a worthless nobody by not caring for him when he needed it the most. As per Grete “we can’t go on like this. If you can’t see it, I can. I don’t want to use the name of my brother in front of this monster, so let me just say this: we have tried as much as humanly possible to care for it and to put up with it. I don’t think it can reproach us in the
In the original story Metamorphosis by Kafka uses the main character Gregor Samsa as a metaphorical representation of himself; as the purpose was likely to express the his own personal feelings of depression and isolation, as he was suffering from depression. Although Gregors biggest dilemma is not that he awoke a vermin, but that he is late for his train which will inadvertently cause him to be late for work. Gregors main concern that morning was “I’ve got to get up, my train leaves at five” (pg. 95). In this story Kafka ensures to convey that the major concern in Gregors mind is his fear that he will be late for the train and his work as he is already
First and foremost Gregor was betrayed by his own parents who failed to care for him after his transformation. The initial reaction of the parents, especially his father, set the tone for the whole novel. Instead of trying to resolve the issue with a reasonable solution, his father physically abuses him, “when from behind, his father gave him a hard
Gregor’s father demotes societal views of himself by his actions. Gregor’s father depends on Gregor for the income for the family. When Gregor morphs into a bug, Mr. Samsa reluctantly becomes the sole provider for his family. Getting a ...
Gregor Samsa awakes one morning to discover that he has been transformed into a repugnant vermin. One may never know what initiated this makeover, but the simple truth is that Gregor is now a bug, and everyone must learn to live and move on in this strenuous situation. In Franz Kafka’s The Metamorphosis, the characters that interact with Gregor, including his mother, his father, and his sister Grete, must come to terms with his unfortunate metamorphosis, and each does so by reacting in a unique way. Gregor’s family members are constantly strained by this unusual event, and all three of them are pressed to their breaking point.
Gregor is the focal point of the family, he provided for them when they needed the money. Gregor also brought the family into turmoil with his change. Just as Gregor brought them into turmoil he brought on growth for the family. His death gave his family a new life. Before Gregor’s metamorphosis, his family was a helpless and selfish. There was little meaningful interaction among them. Once Gregor had become a creature the family had to become resourceful, they learned valuable skills. Gregor gave his family something that could bond them together, they discussed what to do about Gregor almost every night. Gregor’s tragedy brought his family together. Gregor served as a “savior” for his family, he played the same role that Jesus did for the world. Gregor’s life was taken so that the rest of his family may achieve salvation. His family had changed from a selfish and lazy group of people to a loving and caring family. As Gregor grew closer toward death, his family grew closer to
From the beginning of The Metamorphosis Kafka offers a comical depiction of Gregor’s “squirming legs” (Kafka 13) and a body in which “he could not control” (7). Gregor’s initial reaction to this situation was the fact he was late to his dissatisfying job as a salesman, but Gregor knows that he has to continue his job in order to keep the expectation his family holds upon him to pay of the family’s everlasting debt. When Gregor’s family eventually realizes that Gregor is still lying in his bed, they are confused because they have expectations on Gregor that he will hold the family together by working. They know if Gregor was to quit his job there would be a great catastrophe since he is the glue to keeping their family out of debt. The communication between his family is quickly identified as meager and by talking to each other from the adjacent walls shows their disconnection with each other. Kafka introduces the family as lacking social skills in order to offer the reader to criticize and sympathize for Gregor’s family dynamics. Gregor’s manager makes an appearance quickly after experiencing the dysfunction within the fami...
Gregor’s alienation first comes about after he wakes up one morning having been transformed into a giant bug. The negative effects from Gregor’s alienation can first be shown through the minimal interaction that he begins to have with the rest of him family. His metamorphosis to a giant bug creature is what keeps his from wanting to interact with other people. He is no longer a human being and thus cannot act like one. The effect that this metamorphosis has on Gregor can be understood through a quote where Gregor’s business manager says, “what’s the matter? You barricade yourself in your room, answer only ‘yes’ and ‘no’, cause your parent...
Prior to his metamorphosis, Gregor already resembles a working cockroach, living an automated life under the conditions of exploitation, discouraging his own life for his family’s basic and materialistic needs. This is shown when Gregor’s mother makes her claim: “You know that boy has nothing but work in his head! It almost worries me that he never goes out on his evenings off” (Kafka 95). This establishes the idea of G...
His family used to care about him but after the transformation, they were no longer concerned for him. Every time the family talks about money, Gregor feels guilty and embarrassed because he can no longer provide for them. When he was able to work before, he had brought money home and “They had simply got used to it, both the family and Gregor; the money was gratefully accepted and gladly given, but there was no special uprush of warm feeling” (Kafka Ch 2 pg 6). Now that he can no longer provide, the family had to come up with ways to keep up with finances. Gregor is dehumanized each time his sister Grete walks into the room to look after him because she cannot bear the sight of him so he hides each time. Each day following Gregor’s transformation, the family’s behavior towards him became more cynical and resentful towards him. They do not allow him to leave his room and worry about how they can go on living with him. They think of him as being a creature, losing their view of him as a human being and no longer important. When Grete decided to take his furniture out of his room, Gregor feels he is dehumanized because they are taking away the link to his humanity. When it came to Gregor’s father, Gregor would “run before his father, stopping when he stopped and scuttling forward again when his father made any kind of move.” His father then threw at apple at him which ‘landed right on his back and sank in; Gregor wanted to drag himself forward, as if this startling, incredible pain could be left behind him” (Kafka Ch 2 pg
When comparing Franz Kafka and his personal life to The Metamorphosis it is obvious in more ways than one that he was writing a twisted story of his life. The emotional and physical abuse Gregor goes through are similar to what Kafka went through in real life. They were both abused and neglected by their fathers when they were disappointed with them. Kafka uses Gregor transforming into a bug as a way of exaggerating himself, trying to express his feelings and point of view. When writing, Kafka felt as if he was trapped in his room which he referred to as "the noise headquarters of the apartment". Gregor was an exaggeration of this because he could not leave the house to escape the noises and abuse.
Helmut Richter analyzed the plot of The Metamorphosis in his essay. He depicts the main plot of the story to be Gregor’s failure at his work, which leads to his death. The climax of the story starts off early in the book. When Gregor wakes up one morning, he realizes that he has turned into a giant insect. Gregor was a salesman and his job required that he was very determined in his work. Kafka proves to us that Gregor did not do a good job as a salesman by transforming into a bug: a strong work force. Kafka’s use of this metaphor stresses the poor work that Gregor does as a salesman.
Indeed, it is only the premise, only the beginning of the tragedy. The true metamorphosis happens internally, and within the world around him (Corngold). As Gregor loses his humanity and his family loses their empathy, the metaphor takes a new form. If Gregor becoming a bug is the starting point, the new reality the reader is forced to accept, then his dwindling sense of self is the true meat of the metaphor. Although Gregor reacts with little to no shock to his transformation, he is almost painfully aware of his fading human consciousness. Within the context of the metaphor (a literalization of how society perceives him), this loss of humanity is an extremely menacing prospective effect of alienation. He is regarded as a bug and thus takes the shape of one, and in the face of his family’s isolation and antipathy, mentally becomes a bug himself. Gregor’s family, and even his own consciousness, begins to forget Gregor’s humanity. This raises a question of human existence—how much of a person’s Self is influenced by the world around them? Gregor knows that he is still human, it is evidenced in his compassion and the room around him, and yet his family’s fear—their insistent belief that a monster is living under their roof—makes him question his own mind. If a person is continually called a monster, would they not begin to believe it
One of Franz Kafka's most well-known and most often criticized works is the short story, "Die Verwandlung," or "The Metamorphosis." "The Metamorphosis" is most unusual in that the first sentence is the climax; the rest of the story is mainly falling action (Greenburg 273). The reader learns that Gregor Samsa, the story's main character, has been turned into an enormous insect. Despite this fact, Gregor continues to act and think like any normal human would, which makes the beginning of the story both tragic and comical at the same time. However, one cannot help but wonder why Gregor has undergone this hideous transformation, and what purpose it could possibly serve in the story. Upon examination, it seems that Gregor's metamorphosis represents both his freedom from maintaining his entire financial stability and his family's freedom from their dependence upon Gregor.
Using symbols, Kafka illustrates the story which is not just about Gregor’s transformation but it is more than that. The entire Metamorphosis is an allegory about Gregor changing into a vermin, symbolize that he wanted to free himself from his family obligation. “As Gregor Samsa awoke from unsettling dreams one morning, he found himself transformed in his bed into a monstrous vermin” (Kafka 7). He thought his transformation was a dream but he soon realizes that it was reality. Gregor was the source of the income for his family and was employed in a job he did not like. “What a grueling profession I picked! Traveling day in, day out” (Kafka 7). This is ironic because Gregor was forced by his father to choose the alienated career. Mr. Samsa was indebted to his boss; working as a traveling salesman he would have pay off his father debt. Working as traveling salesman made Gregor alienated socially and mentally. The word transformation does not only app...
Thinking back to your own childhood you would realize your parents did their best to keep you fervid and only punish if you did wrong. For Gregor he was treated the opposite , In The Metamorphosis Kafka portrays Gregors neglectful father by showing lack of love , isolation and treating Kafka as an actual bug rather than a son. If Gregor's father Mr Samsa did not neglect him Gregor would still feel like a bug because of the other things going on, such as having a stressful job, no close friends, and overall no one to vent to. Gregor is a young boy with no love in his way. From the beginning of the story Gregor woke up feeling terrible, it turned out he woke as a bug. If you feel that horrible to wake up with the feeling as a bug , your life must be miserable. Contributing to the horrible parenting and neglectful actions, Lack of love is shown in various ways throughout The Metamorphosis. From Family , Gregors boss , and including the lifestyle he has. “ constantly seeing new faces, no relationships that last or get more intimate. (1.4) “ . The situation gregor is in with the job he has, he travels a lot and does not have time to meet people that will bond and have a relationship with him. Family members continue to insist that Gregor is no longer in the family. Gregor was treated unreasonable , his father considered only the strictest treatment for him. Neglectful actions can lead to Poor mental and emotional health, Social difficulties. (Child Welfare Information Gateway. (2013). Long-term consequences of child abuse and neglect.) Lack of love can leave one questioning their own existence. Gregor was alone before he became a bug, the situation only made him realize how worthless he actually was. No friends , no family , and no ...