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Education of the early romans
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Interestingly, when I Googled the “Library Alexandria”, over 44 million results appeared. Most of us have heard of this library, and most of the first ten search pages all refer to the destruction of the library. Hollywood and many internet pages all refer to the library as having “burned down”. This is true to some extent, but honestly it is far from the whole story. At the time in history, the Alexandria library was the center and most famous library in classical antiquity. The library dates from around 295 BCE, until approximately 640 CE. During its heydey, scholars and intellectuals from all over the world studied and worked there. Scholars such as Aristarchus, Eratosthenes, Hipparchus, Manetho, and Zenodotus were but some of the library's
In the early second century BC, the Roman Senate accrued a powerful ruling over the city’s civil government. Rome’s elite members lived at the heart of Rome and gave power to the members of the Senate. These elite citizens gained nobility through prior ancestors whom held consulships. With the prior influential heritage, they pushed the decisions of the Senate in order to gain more wealth and land. This often meant bribes, threats, and posturing to sway leaders to vote for laws that were favorable. This period did not last for long as for in the latter half of the second century growth in the cities occurred and meant change for the patrician nobility. Tribunes, such as Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus used this change to enforce social policies that were in favor of the plebeians, but also their eventual downfall.
1) According to Thucydides, during the civil war at Corcyra a re-evaluation of values took place in the populace (3.82). Explain the nature of these re-evaluations, and the reason(s) they took place.
Hammurabi, Zhou, Asoka the Great, and Alexander the Great had various means by which they justified their authority and their rule. Each had a very unique style of thoughts and actions. History was changed due to the actions of these rulers.
Claudius letter to the Alexandrians was a valuable piece in Roman history that has given a personal insight into the social and political scene of Alexandria. Much has been said about the Jewish people of Alexandria, the most influential, as well as the most outspoken people in the community. Yet, the principal problem, which has provoked the publication of violent riots is the civic status that surrounds the Jewish people. While Claudius first discusses the statues, monuments, and temples that were given in his honor, he goes on to give his thoughts concerning the Jewish and Greek communities in Alexandria. From his decree we can infer that
Hypatia was born in 370 A.D. in Alexandria, Egypt. From that day on her life was one enriched with a passion for knowledge. Theon, Hypatia’s father whom himself was a mathematician, raised Hypatia in an environment of thought. Both of them formed a strong bond as he taught her his own knowledge and shared his passion in the search of answers to the unknown. Under her fathers discipline he developed a physical routine for her to ensure a healthy body as well as a highly functional mind. Her father instructed her on the different religions of the world and how to influence people with the power of words. Also taught her the fundamentals of teaching so she could be a profound orator. From the teachings of her father, she to became a mathematician and philosopher which she was recognized the head of the Neo-Platonist school of philosophy at Alexandria. Due to her eloquence, modesty, and beauty, combined with her remarkable intellectual gifts, she attracted a large number of pupils. Her students were aristocratic young men, both Pagan and Christian, who rose to occupy influential civil and eccelestrastical positions. They considered Hypatia as their “divine guide” into the realm of philosophical and cosmic mysteries, which included mathematics. She combined the principles of free thinking and the ideal of pure living. She was known for her prudence, moderation, and self control, and for her ease of manner and her beauty. She was recognized as an eloquent teacher and by 390 A.D. her circle of influence was well-established. She also symbolized learning and science which in time of Western history were largely identified by early Christians with Paganism. As such, she was the focal point in the tension and riots between Christians and non-Christians that racked more than once in Alexandria. In this time Cyril roused negative sentiment toward Orestes and Orestes was attacked by 500 Nitrian monks. Due to Cyril and his negativity and what he caused to happen to Orestes, Hypatia fell victim to the political hostilities due to being a close associate of Orestes and was undoubtedly defamed by Cyril. Admiration for her became resentment and she was perceived as an obstacle to the conciliation of Orestes and Cyril. Being as that, Cyril began planning Hypatia’s most crucial death. In 415 A.D., during Lent, while riding in her chariot through the streets of Alexandria, she was attacked upon by a fanatical mob of antipagan Christians.
The main idea of Stolen Legacy is to prove that the ancient Egyptian teachings and education was taught to certain historical figures, was then brought to Athens and taught there and then passed of as Greek philosophy, basically Stolen. Men that went down in history as "great philosophers" or " great thinkers" were the ones that made it seem as if they were creating this knowledge. Men such as Socrates, who was from Athens; Plato, also from Athens; and even Aristotle who was from Greece but was forced to leave when Socrates was sentenced to death.
Tacitus tells us in the introduction to his Annales that his intent is to “relate a little about Augustus, Tiberius, et cetera” and to in fact do so “sine ira et studio” -- without bitterness or bias.1 Experience, however, tells us that this aim is rarely executed, and that we must be all the more suspicious when it is stated outright. Throughout the Annales, Tacitus rather gives the impression that his lack of bias is evidenced by his evenhanded application of bitterness to all his subjects. But is this really the case? While Tacitus tends to apply his sarcastic wit universally – to barbarian and Roman alike – this is not necessarily evidence of lack of bias. Taking the destruction of Mona and Boudicca's revolt (roughly 14.28-37) as a case study, it is evident that through epic allusion, deliberate diction, and careful choice of episodes related, Tacitus reveals his opinion that the Roman war machine first makes rebels by unjust governance, and then punishes them.
Engineers and architects have the potential to considerably affect communities and very possibly the entire world. Through combining ideas, designs, and materials, they innovate and create structures and systems for people to utilize. Apollodorus of Damascus was a prominent master of architecture and engineering, as well as sculpture, during the 2nd century AD. He worked mostly during the reign of Roman Emperor Trajan, and lived up to Vitruvius’s standards regarding how architects should be highly skillful in all the arts. His work and designs have embodied the very foundations of the ascendancy of the Roman Empire, and they have set the basis from which following generations will synthesize.
The books of I and II Thessalonians, which are in the New Testament, are both letters to a church that Paul the apostle helped establish in the city of Thessalonica. First Thessalonians is agreed by biblical scholars to be written by Paul. The author of II Thessalonians, however, is still being debated about.
The main idea of Stolen Legacy was to prove that the teaching and education of the ancient Egyptian was taught to particular historical figures, and it was then brought to Athens and taught there. It is said it was then handed down as Greek philosophy, ultimately stolen. The men that was credited and known in history as "great thinkers” or “great philosophers" were the ones that made it seem as if they were creating this knowledge. Socrates and Plato who was from Athens; and even Aristotle who was from Greece who was forced to leave when Socrates was sentenced to death.
Over sixty percent of the English words have originated from the Greek language. Many of these words came into the English language through the poetry and theater plays done in ancient Greece. The Greek plays have been shaped by historical events and their tragic past and put into one story. The ancient Greek theater demonstrated historical events and poems in the form of plays like in The Cyclops and performed them for the audience’s entertainment and awareness.
Throughout history, there have been a variety of great and powerful empires. However, regardless of how powerful they were able to become, each empire had it's unfortunate downfall and ultimate ending. Perhaps two of the most powerful empires ever to exist and crumble were the Roman and Egyptian empires, both of which enjoyed long periods of wealth and success in their pasts. While the two empires operated on extremely different terms and conditions, there is undoubtedly good reason for comparison of their downfalls considering that the causes generally surrounded the fact that the empire suffered invasions. Of course, this was not the only reason in either case, but in both circumstances invasion played a significant role in the fall.
The word catacomb comes from the Greek word meaning underground burial (5).? Catacombs are just that, underground cemeteries.? The early Christian church in ancient Rome used these cemeteries from the second century to the fifth century AD (5).? At first, these underground burials were only used as cemeteries.? During the persecutions of the Christian church around 64 AD, these catacombs were used as places of refuge for Christians (5).? Here they could celebrate the Eucharist and other ceremonies that were condemned by the Roman government (5).? After the persecutions ended around 366 AD, the catacombs became a shrine for the martyrs and a place of pilgrimage and devotion for Christians throughout the entire Roman Empire (5).? The Catacombs were uncovered again in the late 16th century (3).? A total of about 60 Catacombs have been discovered in and around the city of Rome (3).
Alexandria was founded in Egypt by Alexandria the Great. His successor as Pharaoh was known as Ptolemy II Soter. He founded the Museum or Royal Library of Alexandria in 283 BC. The Museum was a shrine of the Muses modeled after the Lyceum of Aristotle in Athens. The Museum was a place of study which included lecture areas, gardens, a zoo, and shrines for each of the nine muses as well as the Library itself. It has been estimated that at one time the Library of Alexandria held over half a million documents from Assyria, Greece, Persia, Egypt, India and many other nations. Over 100 scholars and scribes lived at the Museum full time to perform research, write, lecture or translate and copy documents (Hertzke 2004). The library got so large it actually had another branch or "daughter" library at the Temple of Serapis.
From the time of the ancient Greeks all the way to modern day, some part of humanity has almost always been interested in the past. For the ancient Greeks, it was discovering Mycenaean ruins and composing stories about them. Today, inspiration is still drawn from classical architecture. One has to look no further than the U.S. capitol building, or even the University of Michigan's Angell Hall to see remnants of this architectural style. This raises the question of why does it still persists? Logically, the best way to answer this is to examine the origins of classical architecture, and what it represented then and now. Furthermore, the study of ancient architecture can show insights into past civilizations which otherwise would have been lost.