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The effect of industrialisation
Effects of industrialization
The effect of industrialisation
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Imagine waking up one morning after going to bed as healthy as horse, with no eye sight accompanied by a burning sensation, excruciating pain in your lungs that makes it difficult for you to breathe and with no idea what has caused this effect. This was the feeling experienced by over 200, 000 people in Bhopal, India on Dec 3rd, 1984. A pesticide plant run by Union Carbide Corporation, an American company, experienced a gas leak from tanks containing Methyl Isocyanate (MIC). Methyl Isocyanate reacted with water producing toxic gases that spread out towards human settlements causing devastating effects. This is merely one among many other disasters caused by industries. The causes of these disasters and the accountability for the disasters are the main focus of this paper. Air pollution directly affects the health of humans as evidenced by the Bhopal disaster hence it is important to understand the relationship. Even though industries are not the only causes of air pollution, pollution due to industries should be controlled by taking all the safety measures necessary as well as accounting for unintended consequences that may be caused by an error in the equipment.
Lee Davis is a well-known environmentalist who has written a series of books that focus on the environment and how it is changing. In his book, Environmental disasters, he focuses on twentieth century disasters that are man-made. He demonstrates how the individual, industries and government are all contributors to air, water and land pollution that have caused a series of catastrophes over the years. More emphasis is directed to the industrial contribution because Industries have to a higher degree caused most of the human-made disasters. Industrial effects are often ...
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...hts of the people who fall victims of such disasters and ensure that the corporations take responsibility for their mistakes. All human beings have a right to be treated equally. I look forward to a time when people will not have to court to fight for their rights.
Works Cited
1. Davis, Lee. 1998. Environmental Disasters: a Chronicle of Individual, Industrial, and Governmental Carelessness. New York, NY: Facts on File, 1998.
2. "Top Carbide brass held, Anderson released ." The times of India News Service, December 07, 1984.
3. Nandini, Gunewardena, and Schuller, Mark. 2008. Capitalizing on catastrophe: neoliberal strategies in disaster reconstruction. Lanham, Md: AltaMira Press.
4. Rosenberg, Tina. "What the World Needs Now Is DDT."New York Times, April 11, 2004.
5. Subrahmaniam, Vidya. "25 years and still waiting." The Hindu, sec. Opinion, December 02, 2009.
Saukko , Linnea.“How to Poison the Earth.”The Brief Bedford Reader. Bedford/St.Martin’s Boston: 9th edition ,2006.246-247.
It gave $1 million to an emergency relief fund and offered to turn its guest house in Bhopal into an orphanage. Immediately after the disaster, Union Carbide also rushed a team of investigators to Bhopal. But the team got little cooperation from Indian authorities operating in a climate of anti-Carbide popular protest.It was denied access to plant records and workers. Yet the investigators got to look at tank 610 and took core samples from its bottom residue for test experiment. Then in late 1985 , when the Indian government finally allowed Carbide more access to plant records and employees. Carbide did more than 70 interviews and careful examination of plant records and physical evidence which led them to conclude that the cause of the gas leak was sabotage by a disgruntled employee who intentionally hooked a water hose to the tank. They did agreed to pay $470 million settlement to the Indian government which are distributed funds to gas victims. In 1994 Union Carbide sold its 50.9 percent equity in UCIL to the Indian subsidiary of a British company for $90 million. It gave all this money to the Indian government for a hospital and clinics in Bhopal. I should say Warren Anderson as the Chairman and CEO and the whole Union Carbide corporation has tried their best in anyway they can come and help with the accident. Even though what
Catastrophes impact large areas, crossing regional and often, state jurisdictional boundaries, and will require m...
Although a considerable amount of the blame has been placed at the feet of FEMA, it should be understood that multiple factors contributed to the situation in New Orleans. Some sections of the levees had been poorly constructed, and were not properly maintained. Local agencies failed to adequately plan and prepare of such an event. Local officials waited too long to order an evacuation, and did not consider how to assist those citizens who lacked the financial resources evacuate on their own. (1,24)
Hazards pose risk to everyone. Our acceptance of the risks associated with hazards dictates where and how we live. As humans, we accept a certain amount of risk when choosing to live our daily lives. From time to time, a hazard becomes an emergent situation. Tornadoes in the Midwest, hurricanes along the Gulf Coast or earthquakes in California are all hazards that residents in those regions accept and live with. This paper will examine one hazard that caused a disaster requiring a response from emergency management personnel. Specifically, the hazard more closely examined here is an earthquake. With the recent twenty year anniversary covered by many media outlets, the January 17, 1994, Northridge, California earthquake to date is the most expensive earthquake in American history.
My investigation first led me to find that twenty people died from October 26-31, 1948 (Pennsylvania DEP). According to the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation website, the town population was about 14,000 at the time of the disaster. Devastatingly, about half-7,000-of those people became ill or hospitalized. My investigation led me to discover that this disaster was “created by unchecked industrial emissions and stagnant air conditions” (Donora’s Killer Smog Noted at 50). These conditions led to a smog fog hanging around the area. The American Steel & Wire Co., a subsidiary of the US Steel Group, was the local plant responsible for producing these emissions and conditions. It is also widely accepted that the weather conditions were prominent in producing the disaster. In October of 1998, spokespeople for the industry agreed that the disaster was unfortunate and tragic, but did not fail to note that, at the time of the disaster, clean air acts did not exist. If any good could come from this disaster it was the funding for research about clean air and the eventual passing of clean air acts and legislation.
... middle of paper ... ... What can we do to be prepared for future natural disasters? The federal government began increasing the height and strength of the levees shortly after Katrina, and millions of dollars have been spent on coastal restoration programs.
Fischer F (1991). Risk assessment and environmental crisis: toward an integration of science and participation. Organization & Environment. 5, 113-132.
One of the most devastating natural disasters to this date is undoubtedly Hurricane Katrina. Destroying the populated city of New Orleans, the city was left in a state of chaos, where thousands lost their homes, jobs, and loved ones. In addition, this demoralizing event that took place not only caused physical desolation, but emotional anguish as well. When the city tried effortlessly to recuperate, the standard of environmental racism had ascended. Environmental racism is a form of discrimination against minority groups and people from poor countries who are subjected to disproportionate share of environmental hazards and polluting industries (Ravelli & Webber, 2013). Comparing this to the situation in New Orleans, citizens were threatened by discrimination and the dangers of residing in areas that are threatened by natural disasters. Consequent to Bullard’s notion of environmental justice partakes in the way New Orleans decided to restructure itself. As stated, “the guarantee of the right to environmental protection, preventing harm before it occurs, shifting the burden of proof to polluters as well as redressing existing inequities” (Ravelli & Webber, 2013). With this, New Orleans could have executed this theory to counteract catastrophe before it even occurred. Due
In May 1982, three American engineers from the chemical products and household plastics division of UCC came to Bhopal. Their task was to appraise the running of the plant and confirm that everything was functioning according to the standards laid down by UCC. The report revealed that the Bhopal plant has lacked a lot of securities and workmanship. The report described the surroundings of the site as being 'strewn with oily old drums, used piping, pools of used oil and chemical waste likely to cause fire. It condemned the shoddy workmanship on certain connections, the warping of equipment, the corrosion of several circuits, the absence of automatic sprinklers and the risk of explosion in the gas evacuation flares. It also reported leaks of phosgene, MIC and chloroform, ruptures in pipe work and sealed joints, absence of any earth wire on one of the three MIC tanks and poor adjustment of certain devises where excessive pressure could lead to water entering the circuits. At the same time, the report expressed concern at the inadequately trained staff, unsatisfactory instruction methods and sloppy maintenance reports. In October 1982, MIC escaped from a broken valve, seriously affecting four workers and causing eye irritation and breathlessness among people in the nearby communities. This incident was a clear indication of the potential risk to public life. In
When one thinks about an environmental disaster, the image of a large explosion in a highly industrial area comes to mind. Such is not the case in the Love Canal emergency. Unlike most environmental disasters, the events of Niagara Falls's Love Canal weren't characterized by a known and uncontrollable moment of impact. It developed over a period of several decades, since the effects of leaching chemicals is uncertain and slow in development and the visual effects are very limited. This disaster could have been identified earlier or later for as far as the rest of the world was concerned there was no emergency until the authorities made it public. The importance of Love Canal is that acknowledging the danger that existed made the country and world aware of the hazards of abandoned toxic waste disposal sites.
Gavin, A ,"Reading Katrina: Race, Space an an Unnatural Disaster. " , New Political Science , p.325 – 346
I have chosen to write about the effect of natural disasters on our global society. Natural disasters such as earthquakes, hurricanes, wildfires, tornados, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions and floods have killed thousands of people over the past years. Studies have shown that natural disasters are becoming more common due to climate change. Natural disasters are classified into two groups, climate related and geophysical disasters. Climate related disasters include floods, wildfires, hurricanes, and tsunamis. Geophysical disasters include earthquakes, volcanoes, rock falls, landslides, and avalanches
Air pollution has become very costly environmental problem in terms of both human lives and in terms of billions of dollars lost for health-care expenditure and crop damage.
The environmental issue that I’ve chosen is air pollution. Air Pollution is a huge environmental issue not only in the United States but all over the world. I picked this issue because of the affect that it has on our entire world. This is a highly important issue that people should be aware of because of the huge effect it has on practically everyone. In my essay I will address what air pollution is and how it starts, I will talk about which cities have high pollution verses cities with low pollution, what’s being done to change, and the affect it has on humans, animals, and our earth.