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Us society after civil war
The civil rights movement impact
Social changes after civil war
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Analyze the workings of the sharecropping system and explain why many African Americans preferred it to wage labor. Explain why so many sharecroppers ended up destitute and tied to a farm or plantation. The sharecropping system arose in order to provide whites with a means to have control over land and credit and to provide a basis to limit the mobility of the African American tenants. Additionally, the sharecropping system evolved due to the failure of the contract labor system and the land reforms that were originally established following the Civil War. The Freedman Bureaus established the contract labor system with the goal of being the mediator and negotiator between white landowners and former slaves. Unfortunately, the Freedmen’s Bureau …show more content…
Due to the fact that African Americans were already last when it came to resources and government programs it was not a surprise that they were the first to be laid off and they that their unemployment rate was two to three times that of whites. In regards to the Great Depression, the poor conditions that blacks had to suffer played a huge rule in a large number of African Americans voting for members of the Democratic Party. At the time of the Great Depression very little support came from the Republican administrators. This led to the election of Franklin D Roosevelt. Initially this did little for African Americans. However public assistance programs were established to help out the country, as a whole. Unfortunately, African Americans often received substantially less aid than whites, and some charitable organizations even excluded blacks from their soup …show more content…
and other leaders of the civil rights movement in the context of the Cold War and resurgent Southern segregationism. Evaluate how successful it was as a strategy in the many struggles that occurred between 1956 and 1966.The American Civil Rights Movement in the late 1950s and 1960s represents a pivotal event in world history. The positive changes it brought to voting and civil rights continue to be felt throughout the United States and much of the world. Although this struggle for black equality was fought on hundreds of different “battlefields” throughout the United States, many observers at the time described the state of Mississippi as the most racist and violent. Mississippi's lawmakers, law enforcement officers, public officials, and private citizens worked long and hard to maintain the segregated way of life that had dominated the state since the end of the Civil War in 1865. The method that ensured segregation persisted was the use and threat of violence against people who sought to end
The civil rights movement, by many people, is though to have happened during the 1950's and 1960's. The truth of the matter is that civil right has and always will be an ongoing issue for anyone who is not of color. The civil rights movement started when the black slave started arriving in America centuries ago. The civil rights movement is one of the most known about issues in American history. Everyone at some point in their life has studied this movement. This movement is particularly interesting due to the massive amounts of different stories and occurrences through the course of the movement. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. was a vital figurehead to this movement. He inspired many people who had lived their whole lives in the shadow of fear of change.
The Southern agriculture was reconfigured in the wake of the Reconstruction by sharecropping and the crop-lien system. Sharecropping was a system they used after the Civil War where a landlord allows african americans to work his land in exchange for some of the crop. Sharecroppers were to have half of what they grew if all the conditions were followed, but if they were not, then they would have two-fifths of what they grew. They were not able to work their own land if there was work to be done one their landlord’s land. The sharecropping system existed because the white plantation workers wanted to bring back a system like slavery, where african americans would work for them for very little pay. The cotton agriculture changed because
During the American Revolution and the civil war, the North and the South experienced development of different socio-political and cultural environmental conditions. The North became an industrial and manufacturing powerhouse as a result of rise of movements like abolitionism and women’s right while the South became a cotton kingdom whose labor was sourced from slavery (Spark notes, 2011).
Capitalism has always been a double edge sword for the United States. It began as the driving force in pushing along economic growth, but it came at the price of the African society. It was implied, and enforced, that Africans were of a lesser class through the means in which they were "used" by the slave owners to promote their wealth and stature. The larger their plantation, the wealthier and more successful people were seen. But in order to do this, the plantation owners needed workers, but if they had to pay workers reasonable wages, they could not yield a profit. Also, in the South, it was hard, rough work in the hot sun and very few whites were willing to do the work, therefore, most plantation owners purchased slaves to work the land. The plantation owner gave the slaves shelter and a small food allowance as a salary. Thereby, the plantation owner "saved" his money to invest in more land, which of course required more slaves to continue to yield a larger profit. An economic cycle was created between plantation owner and slave, one that would take generations to end. Slaves were now a necessity on the larger plantations to work the fields. They were pieces of property that quickly transformed into required elements of plantation machinery. African slaves were regarded as a large, dependable, and permanent source of 'cheap labor' because slaves rarely ran away and when caught they were severely punished. The creation of the plantation system of farming were essential factors in maintaining the idea of slavery.
After the devastation left from the Civil War, many field owners looked for new ways to replace their former slaves with field hands for farming and production use. From this need for new field hands came sharecroppers, a “response to the destitution and disorganized” agricultural results of the Civil War (Wilson 29). Sharecropping is the working of a piece of land by a tenant in exchange for a portion of the crops that they bring in for their landowners. These farmhands provided their labor, while the landowners provided living accommodations for the worker and his family, along with tools, seeds, fertilizers, and a portion of the crops that they had harvested that season. A sharecropper had “no entitlement to the land that he cultivated,” and was forced “to work under any conditions” that his landowner enforced (Wilson 798). Many landowners viewed sharecropping as a way to elude the now barred possession of slaves while still maintaining field hands for labor in an inexpensive and ample manner. The landowners watched over the sharecroppers and their every move diligently, with harsh supervision, and pressed the sharecroppers to their limits, both mentally and physically. Not only were the sharecroppers just given an average of one-fourth of their harvest, they had “one of the most inadequate incomes in the United States, rarely surpassing more than a few hundred dollars” annually (Wilson 30). Under such trying conditions, it is not hard to see why the sharecroppers struggled to maintain a healthy and happy life, if that could even be achieved. Due to substandard conditions concerning sharecropper’s clothing, insufficient food supplies, and hazardous health issues, sharecroppers competed on the daily basis to stay alive on what little their landowners had to offer them.
Sharecropping emerged in the sout after theend of the civil war. Sharecropping is when a land owner allows workers to use part of the land in agreement that part of what is produced is given back to the owner. With many of the men having faught and dide, the women had to maintain the plantations. Wage labor also developed for sugar plantations. The economy was slowly rebuilt, but took a major impact after the war. The impact was less production, because of less forced labor.
In the structure of tenant farming, former slaves would rent land for cash from the landowners. In tenant farming, former slaves could rent a piece of land, but they had to find the money to pay for the rent. In both sharecropping and tenant farming, former slaves still felt like slaves, the only difference being that the landowners didn’t have as much control over them. Now that whites didn’t “own” slaves, they had to pay workers to harvest their crops, which they had trouble doing. Along with the negatives of sharecropping and tenant farming, there were some positives.
...stocracy to indirectly force poor blacks into working as tenant farmers or sharecroppers, basically slavery by a different name. As planters needed more land and workers to keep up with the demand for cotton, they looked to the Gulf Coast and Mexico as possible territory for increased cotton cultivation. The postwar exploitation of freedmen and the desire of southern planters to exploit Mexico in order to increase cotton production both demonstrate the materialism and greed of the southern aristocracy.
“These men rose to power in a region embedded in a capitalist country, and their social system emerged as part of a capitalist world.” However, that does not indicate that the South was capitalist. Genovese argues the opposite that the Antebellum South was rather pre-capitalist. “Their society, in its spirit and fundamental direction, represented the antithesis of capitalism”. Slavery inhibited the economic development of the South and endangered the social stability of the South due to their irrational tendencies. These irrational tendencies allowed them to maintain the master-slave relationship but allowed the South to fall behind the North. Genovese states that “the capital outlay is much greater and riskier for slave labor than for free” and “the sources of cheap labor usually dry up rather quickly, and beyond a certain point costs become excessively burdensome”. Why maintain a labor system that is unstable? With the increase of production and slaves results in a labor system that the South cannot sustain. The slaves’ production was also inefficient. However, Slaves were found to be efficient “in hemp, tobacco, iron, and cotton factories” and “received a wide variety of privileges and approached an elite status.” The South could have industrialized and expanded the economy with these factories but the master-slave relationship if disturbed can lead to a power shift in the South. If the blacks approached
By 1860 Southern states provided 2/3 of the United States cotton supply and about 80% of European cotton, in order to provide for European Cotton Mill expansion (lecture: 11/13/15). Before the Civil War, there were about 800,000 to 3.2 million slaves in order to keep up with this increasing demand for agriculture. The ending of the Civil War not only meant supposed freedom for blacks in the South, but it also meant a huge loss for southern plantation owners’ unpaid labor force. A southern planter elaborates the change in the labor force through a letter to his brother by telling him that “labour is all to hire” and that “expenses are very heavy” for the people hired to work the land (Valley of the Shadow: D. V. Gilkeson to Gilkeson's brother). A new system needed to be created in order to help both the plantation owners seeking labor and former slaves seeking jobs. This is where sharecropping came into play. Sharecropping was a system in which the owners of the lands would rent it out to laborers who would plant crops on it but who had to give the landowner a portion of the crop at the end of the year. However, there were many problems with this system that kept most of the laborers in debt year after year. Henry Blake, a former slave, experienced first hand the issues that came with reconstruction and the birth of
The Civil Rights Movement had a lot going on between 1954 and 1964. While there were some successful aspects of the movement, there were some failures as well. The mixture of successes and failures led to the extension of the movement and eventually a more equal American society.
When America was first founded the colonists believed that they could do one of two things. They could either ask for entire families and groups of people to come over from England to start family farms and businesses to help the colony prosper. The other option was to take advantage of the lower class people and promise them land and freedom for a couple of years of servitude (Charles Johnson et al, Africans in America 34). Obviously the second option was used and this was the start of indentured servitude in colonial America. The indentured servants that came from England were given plenty of accommodations in exchange for their servitude. They were also promised that after their time of service was complete that they would receive crops, land, and clothing to start their new found lives in America. Men, children, and even most criminals, rushed to the ports hoping to be able to find work in America and soon start their new life. However, a large quantity of them either died on the voyage over, died from diseases, or died from the intensity of their work, before their servitude was complete (Johnson et al, Africans, 34). America finally began to show signs of prosperity due to the crop, tobacco. The only problem now was that the majorit...
The economy started collapsing promptly after the Civil War ended, however former slaves were the cause and effect of a growing nation. Though the nation was starting to boom, former slaves didn’t get their equality in their share, if they were lucky enough to have one. African Americans that made their money in sharecropping lived a rough life and faced many family hardships. Sharecropping was a system by white southerners where freed slaves were allowed to work on cotton farms and gain money for the owner with a little share for themselves, in return for a place to live, food, and medical aid. In spite of the hospitality, the freemen were required to pay for all of the equipment at the end of the year, but most sharecroppers didn’t gain enough
The second phase of the Civil War was a victory for the south, for their political ideas of former slave owners stayed far after the war. The south was dependent on slave labor and with the slave population now free they had to forcibly change tactics to control this population. Southern whites used legal, political, and violent means to whip the black population into submission. Laws like the black codes were in the south to restrict the black population from becoming a strong community. Common practices like sharecropping crippled the black community’s only field in which they had experience in.
Abner Snopes sharecrops for a living. His sharecropping results in his resentment of the wealthy. As you know, sharecroppers are tenant farmers who pay as rent a share of their crop for wealthy people. Sharecropping was common during this era; McCullough notes that “when the sharecroppers receive their portion of the money from the crops they plant, the debts they have developed comes out of their half of the money. This often leaves the sharecropper with nothing. Between the debt and the hard working conditions, a second form of slavery is created. It was not slavery with a p...