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Religious and cultural identity
Emergence of nationalism in modern world essayd
Religious and cultural identity
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There are more than two hundred countries which exist on the world map today. Among them some countries are developed, a few are less developed and many of them are developing or under developed. In these countries there are different types of governments. There can be democracy, aristocracy, monarchy, republic, dictatorship and democratic republic which can be homogenous or heterogeneous. Apart from this nation building is becoming a problem in most the counties in the past as well as in the present scenario. National integration plays a vital role to develop a country or a nation and it shows oneness and solidarity but unfortunately in this today’s world nations have been divided into groups based on races, religion, language or demographically. Many of the counties believe in nation state among them are America and Europe but on the other hand when we talk about national integration than Pakistan comes in our minds and Pakistan is one of the sufferers in building national integration. One of the biggest hurdles in Pakistan’s national integration is the religion. The Shia and sunni phenomenon is one of the major issues in national integration. State Building: State building has been a crucial problem for centuries for both the week and as well as strong states. …show more content…
Political representation of FATA and Gilgit-Baltistan and even Gilgit has no presentation in the senate and haven’t been given the constitutional rights to Gilgit-Baltistan. Proper implementation of National Action plan has to be ensured. Above all the mentioned issues need to be addressed properly for a successful national
The new government of United States of America was formed in 1789 and George Washington was elected as America’s first president and John Adams was elected as first vice-president of America. It was the period which America’s first cabinet was formed along with the departments of war, treasury and State. Also, an Attorney Journal was selected. As it was the beginning of the new government, therefore, there were various problems faced by the U.S. government and that lead to many aspects which weakened the systems of the government.
Unification is a utopian quality that many countries of today want to be their reality. Countries who want to achieve perfection can not leave such a potent flaw in their society. If they unify their people under one religion, it will not only strengthen society, but also will affect government, and in turn the world affairs. Their
Achieving unity within a country is the most fundamental and central goal of a nation. In order for a county to unite, they must first achieve unification in what values they hold to be important. They also need to be in accordance with one another as to how the country works and how they wish to be governed. These factors help create a region's identity and make it different from areas around it. It is a goal most difficult to accomplish due to the discrepancies between cultures, religions, personal beliefs and many other factors that may exist in that area.
The Advantages of Federalism Federalism was selected as the most appealing system of government in 1787, primarily because of lack of feasible alternatives. Confederacy had been tried by the 13 states under the Articles of Confederation, and found to be lacking, in that it did not provide adequate cohesiveness between the individual nation-states. However, widespread loyalty to state government and identity prevented the adoption of a fully unitary system. Instead, founders chose federalism as a moderate option which could best meet the needs of a people desiring national unity, but demanding local representation and authority as well. Further consideration revealed the multiple benefits of a federal system.
When people such as writers, philosopher, and scientists of the past would imagine and predict what the world would be like in the twenty-first century, most thought of a glorious advanced human civilization. A civilization with a stable and unified global government and global economy that is beneficial to all. It seems that now, in year 2011, we are far from a stable international community. With a vast majority of people living without food, clean water, and basic political rights, the future envisioned 100 or 200 years ago is still far away. There are numerous nations with either weak or failed states. Since the people living in these states are usually suffering enormous hardships, something needs to be done. This leads to a few central questions like, how can a weak state be made stronger? What strategy is most likely to be effective? What would it take to turn a weak or failed state into one with sufficient strength to carry out the main functions of a state? All of these questions will be answered in order as this paper is read. Before diving into these questions, it is important to examine the key features/characteristics of a weak state.
Globalization is a broad concept and the angle taken to define it can lead us to interpret the idea in many different ways. There is much controversy about what globalization actually means and many definitions fail to encompass social, cultural and technological exchanges between world systems. John Pilger suggests that "it is a jargon term which journalists and politicians have made fashionable which is often used in a positive sense to denote a 'Global village' of free trade, hi-tech marvels and all kinds of possibilities that transcend class, historical experience and ideology." (J.Pilger 1998:63). Taking a broader point of view, Bilton et al defines globalization as "The process whereby political, social, economic and cultural relations increasingly take on a global scale, and which has profound consequences for individuals, local experiences and everyday lives."
India had strong pre-existing divides between the two major religions of the region: Hinduism and Islam. As a result, two separate nationalists movements seeking their own individual independence were being fought against the British in unison. The Muslim League, led by their President Muhammad Ali Jinnah, was aiming to create an Islamic nation state from the removal of Britain in the region (Britannica). The Indian National Congress had the goal of Hindu-Indian independence and was led by President Dadabhai Naoroji (Robinson). Both groups were fighting the British leadership, but for their own goals. When the British gave in to the pressure that the nationalists were putting on them and withdrew from India, the Partition of India created the two independent nations. While both sides were pleased that they finally had their own countries, there were still issues standing in the way. One of the most glaring was the mass immigration of people into their new countries. The Hindus that had been in the area that was now Pakistan had to migrate to India, and the Muslims that had been in India had to migrate to Pakistan. The sudden displacement of nearly 12 million people across newly founded religious lines was a catalyst for conflict. All across the region, multi-religious communities that had co-existed for nearly 1,000 years began to fight in a chaotic outbreak of territorial and religious violence. By the time the mass immigration had come to a close, one to two million people had been killed (Jamal). The violent results of the Partition are one of the the main reasons for the hostility and hatred that exists between India and Pakistan in the present day. It was the unorganized and careless way that the Partition was implemented by the British that allowed all of this to happen. Britain granted the two nations their independence and quickly exited.
This essay will describe the characteristics of the modern nation-state, explain how the United States fits the criteria of and functions as a modern nation-state, discuss the European Union as a transnational entity, analyze how nation-states and transnational entities engage in foreign policy to achieve their interests, and the consequences of this interaction for international politics. Some of the characteristics that make up a modern nation-state are: the population of the territory is united in the national identity and traditions, has an official language or languages and common descent, has an organized government, shall have independence and sovereign (self-ruled), and has a defined territory and/or borders. An example of a modern nation-state is Egypt. Egypt’s identity is closely tied to its location and its long history.
To examine what state formation is and how it has occurred the logical route seems to assess from where they have evolved. The notion of the state is a relatively recent concept, for example in 1555 there existed only two national states, England and France. With otherwise the existence of disorganised and corrupt empires, federations and protectorates. It appears states have formed despite the many obstacles facing their development. Not only did the challenges of securing territory exist but ri...
Syed Mansoor Hussain is a columnist in “Daily Times”, a Pakistani newspaper. He has practiced and taught medicine in the US. This article, “Proud to be a Punjabi” was published in the Daily Times on the fifth of February, 2014. In the article, the author has described the role and significance of Punjab in the history of Pakistan. In addition to this, he has tried to prove that Punjab is not responsible for everything bad happening in the other provinces. The author has described the role of Punjab before and after independence in the Pakistani politics. The author also says that whatever happens in other provinces, Punjab and Punjabis are held responsible for it. In the end, the author has highlighted a few cultural aspects of Punjab.
Globalization is an overwhelming trend. It is no doubt that there are many positives rise out of globalization, but equally some serious negatives brought from this trend, such as gradual disappearance of ethnic identity (Buckley, 1998). This essay is going to address some positive effects of globalization generally, and then it will focus on impacts of this trend on developing countries.
“Are political Islam and democracy compatible?” This question has been troubling both Muslims and non-Muslims living in East and West for a long time now. Contemporary Islamic political thought has become deeply influenced by attempts at reconciling Islam and democracy. Muslim thinkers who deal with political debates cannot disregard the significance of the democratic system, as it is the prevailing theme of modern western political thought. Hence, it is necessary for any alternative political system, whether it is religious or secular, to explore its position with regards to democratic government. In fact, a large literature and media publications have developed over the last century on this heated discourse of democracy versus Islam. While many argue that Islam has all the ingredients of modern state and democratic society, many other reject the phenomena “modernism” and “democracy” as a whole because of their “foreign nature”—alien to “Islamic values”. For Islamists and modernists, the motivation for such effort to either embrace or reject democracy often is to remove suspicion about the nature and goals of Islamic movements and Islamic revivalism or resurgence. But before diving into this discourse, one needs to understand the definition and origins of “democracy.” Although purely a Western ideology in its origin, there is no consensus on the definition of “democracy” as a political system. The Oxford English Dictionary describes democracy as: “A system of government by the whole population or all the eligible members of a state, typically through elected representatives” (“democracy, n.”). In my paper, I will examine whether or not democracy and Sunni political Islam are compatible through the eyes of three revolutionary Sun...
Balochistan is advantageously located at the eastern boarder of Middle East, connecting Central Asian States with Indian Sub-continent and Indian sea. Presently, the three parts of Balochistan are under the sovereignty of Pakistan, Iran and Afghanistan; Balochistan is the north-western province of Pakistan, sharing boarder with Sindh in east, on the south by Arabian Sea, on the north-west by Iran and on the north-east by Punjab and the north-west with Afghanistan. Since the inception of Pakistan, Balochistan has been kept deprived and neglected by mainstream media and the frequent military interventions to crush the civil rights movements have deteriorated the ...
Trauma is severe in Pakistan, Pakistan's meltdown. Two nation theory was discovered and established the theoretical basis of Pakistan--were brutally questioned, and the support of Pakistan's foreign policy is not morally be found anywhere, including her longtime allies, especially the United States and the people's Republic of China from collapse. She has since its inception, Pakistan's physical and moral existence is in great danger. In front of the internal, Baloch, Sindhi, Pashtun nationalism, at its peak, to urge them to independence from Pakistan. From this, we can clearly see Zulficar · Ali · Bhutto, despite its limited resources, to begin running the country, and great work in a State of confusion after 1971. Despite torture and torment, the shell · Bhutto had faced, but the incredible courage, with smiling face looking like a real thinker Punjab Muhammad Muslim Muslims · The Iqbal case referred to by
Most states’ problems start with the governance which is why they mostly end up being powerful in either one or two spheres.