Advanced Nursing Practice

The evolution of the concept and practice of advanced nursing has been long and complex. This has led to innovation in redesign the future of the profession, but also to confusion and misconceptions about what advanced nursing was and is, and what benefits it could bring to care. Those confusions and uncertainties have manifested in a variety ways among not only the nursing profession but also allied health professions (Association of Advanced Nursing Practice, 2014).

Historical the foundation of all modern nursing practice is the registered nurse. It is important to note that regulation and education to attain a fundamental first-level standard of nursing skill was not always a given fact. It is difficult to appreciate today without looking

All APRNs collaborate with physicians, share information, and coordinate care as fellow members of a health care team. The four roles are: nurse practitioners, nurse anesthetists, nurse-midwives, and clinical nurse specialists. Nurse practitioners serve as primary, and in some cases, specialty care providers, diagnosing and treating variety of illnesses. Nurse anesthetists work primarily in hospitals and health care institutions, and provide care and advice related to the delivery of anesthesia before, during and after surgical, diagnostic, therapeutic and obstetrical procedures. Nurse midwives provide primary care with a focus on women’s health services, including family planning, gynecological exams, prenatal care, labor and delivery, and newborn care. Clinical nurse specialists provide patient care and expert advice in one of several nursing practice specialties such as pediatrics, women’s health, psychiatric, rehabilitation, diabetes, oncology, cardiology, pulmonology, or other types of medical problems wounds care etc., (Melnyk,