The saxophone family was invented by the Belgian instrument maker Adolphe Sax in 1840. Adolphe Sax wanted to create a group or series of instruments that would be the most powerful and vocal of the woodwinds, and the most adaptive of the brass instruments, that would fill the vacant middle ground between the two sections. He patented the saxophone on June 28, 1846, in two groups of seven instruments each. The series pitched in Bb and Eb, designed for military bands, have proved extremely popular and most saxophones encountered today are from this series (Bloomingdale School of Music). Over the course from birth through the 19th century to the 20th century, the saxophone will have generated much uproar as an instrument for orchestral substitution …show more content…
Sax had a good relationship with Berlioz, and was one of the first people to know of the horn’s existence. 1846 is often given as the year of the invention of the saxophone, but Berlioz knew of it in 1842, and wrote praises about it in the Paris Magazine Journal des Debats. The Berlioz article made Sax's reputation soar overnight, and landed him a teaching position at the Paris Conservatory. One of the first most notable pieces of repertoire for saxophone was composed by Berlioz as well. Berlioz thought enough of the Chant sacré to arrange it for chorus and orchestra in 1843, and to prepare a version, now lost, for orchestra and six wind instruments made or invented by Adolphe Sax, including saxophone. The latter was performed on February 3, 1844, with Sax himself as one of the soloists. Saxophone as a part of the orchestra continued with Charles Ives saxophone part in Symphony No.4, Bartok’s The Wooden Prince, Grainger’s Children’s March, and Puccini’s Turandot to continue the mainstream evolution of saxophone as a versatile doubling instrument in orchestras …show more content…
One of the most pivotal moments in professional saxophone education was when Jean-Baptiste Singelee, a close friend of Sax’s who closely followed the development of the saxophone -- wrote the first two Paris Conservatory contest solos; Concerto (sop./ten.) and Fantaisie (bari.) (2011). Composers began to realize the potential of the saxophone in solo repertoire aside from its place in orchestras and substituting instruments. Some of the earliest composers for saxophone include Jules Demersseman -- Fantasie sur un thème original (1860) and Claude Debussy -- Rapsodie pour orchestre et saxophone (1901) who were barely understanding the intricacies of the horn and testing the waters of solo/accompaniment, and then later composers such as Hector Villa-Lobos’ Fantasia for soprano saxophone, three horns, and strings (1948) and Paule Maurice’s Tableaux de Provence (1955) who understood the range and full capability of the saxophone after its numerous developments and wrote virtuosic pieces with full orchestra as an
Other innovations are the expanded instrumentation and different combinations of instruments Berlioz uses. Berlioz viewed instrumentation as a science , and wrote an extensive treatise on it, revised by Richard Strauss, entitled Treatise on Instrumentation. Berlioz added instruments sometimes previously used in opera such as multiple harps, the English horn, small clarinets, cornets, and bells. He also used multiple ophicleides, which are now replaced by tubas. These were in addition to the regular instruments, and thus increased the orchestra size to about ninety musicians. In order to accomplish this feat, he had to hire musicians from several different orchestras around Paris, and made arrangements to have extra room secured around the stage.
Fred Hatch was an American agricultural inventor. It's hard to picture the farmscape without a silo or some type of farmyard, an old run down barn and especially a tower silo. When you think of barns you also should think of silos. The towering, vertical silos we imagine today, especially here located in the Midwest, are a true American innovation and go hand in hand with barns. Farm grain wasn't always stored in silos; it was stored in pits where farmers had to dig out which caused excess spoil in many instances. In 1873, silos were nonexistent.
Developed in the early 1940's, Bop had established itself as vogue by 1945. It's main innovators were alto saxophonist Charlie Parker and trumpeter Dizzy Gillespie. In this stage in jazz, improvisation differed immensely. Bebop soloists engaged in harmonic improvisation, often avoiding the melody altogether after the first chorus. Usually under seven pieces, the soloist was free to explore improvised possibilities as long as they fit into the chord structure. Popular and influential jazz artists include: Louis Armstrong, Miles Davis, & Cannonball Adderley. Armstrong is most known for his involvement in hot jazz as a trumpeter, but is especially renowned for his improvisation capabilities. Louis Armstrong, born August 4, 1901 right in the beginning stages of the jazz movement, was originally from New Orleans. Armstrong was a bandleader, soloist, comedian/actor, and vocalist. Another famous, Miles Davis, is what some consider to be the best trumpeter of the era. Davis was born on May 26, 1926 in Alton, Illinois. One unique thing about Davis was that he was taught to play without vibrato, which was incredibly contrary to the popular way of
Giuseppe Torelli, was an Italian violinist, teacher and composer, is considered one of the early developers of the Baroque concerto and concerto grosso. Torelli also composed a significant number of works for the trumpet during the Baroque period (1600-1750). Around 1690, one can begin to see the first works for the trumpet. He was familiar with the virtuoso trumpeter, Giovanni Pellegrino Brandi. Brandi would sometimes play with the San Petronio orchestra, of which Torelli was violin player. This acquaintance could explain Torelli’s awareness of the trumpet’s timbre, dynamic range, and expressive capabilities.
All types of music require musicians. In the H.R. (Harlem Renaissance), there were many who contributed to this new style of music known as jazz. These musicians all have their own style and form. Each of these styles has in some way influenced the evolution of jazz. Louis “Sachmo” Armstrong is recognized as the most famous trumpet player of all time.
The saxophones are timid on average and have a talent for complaining. They can usually be found huddled together in the band hall talking about how awful something,or another
In the following paper I will be exploring the beginning of Leonard Bernstein's career and his family background. I will also look into the influences he had in his life and look at two pieces that he composed, "Jeremiah Symphony No. 1", and "Candide". My reasons for choosing these two pieces is due to the fact that they are contrasting in genre, one being a symphony with orchestration and the other being an operetta, and that they were written at different stages in Bernstein's life. They both produced a number of responses and displayed his wide range of musical ability.
Germaine Tailleferre was one of the most active and prolific female French composer in the 20th century. She was a member of the French composer group “Les Six” and was the only female member in the group. Tailleferre studied with Maurice Ravel during the 1920s and was closely related to the famous French painter Marie Laurencin. “Jeux de plein air” (Outdoor Games) in two movements was composed in 1917 during her study at the Paris Conservatory. This piece is described by Tailleferre as “musical out-of-door impressions” which portrait scenarios of games played out of doors. The first movement is a morning serenade which is inspired by the old French game Le Tirelitentaine while the second movement portraits an exciting game of hide and
Saxophones are not considered woodwinds by some as they are made of brass. However, a saxophone is played very much in the same way as most woodwinds. Flutes and piccolos, though made of metal, are often thought of as part of the woodwind family.
In the 1920s a new kind of music rose in New Orleans. Different from the ballroom songs popular in that day, former slaves and their families created this new music called jazz, which spread like wildfire. Many artists influenced the growth of this great type of music including Frank Sinatra, Duke Ellington and Count Basie. Louis Armstrong played as one of these great men. Growing up in a poor section of the “Birthplace of Jazz”, Armstrong taught himself to play the trumpet, also known as the cornet. Louis Armstrong was the most influential jazz trumpet player to walk this earth due to his own created style of jazz including many songs that are still used today.
Constance Meyer states in the Los Angeles Times, “It [the saxophone] was invented in the 1840s by the Belgian Adolphe Sax for military bands and orchestral use.” Although the saxophone is still used in orchestras and military bands, today most people associate the saxophone with jazz music. The saxophone is one of the many symbols of jazz and has become popular through jazz. Players such as Charlie Parker and John Coltrane became famous playing jazz music on the saxophone. Saxophones are used in many types of music because they produce a sound that goes well with other instruments and can be played with any style of music. Saxophonist and composer Tommy Smith states in his own words the extent of a saxophone’s musical range. “The saxophone's sonic possibilities are limitless, like an aural kaleidoscope. Its sound inspires sensuality but it but [sic] can rock out and scream with anger and frustration.”
From orchestras and opera houses, Broadway to the West End, film and television studios, to pop and commercial groups, brass bands, wind bands, jazz, big bands, funk groups, and so many other genres and ensembles, instruments made by Michael Rath are found in almost every conceivable musical situation requiring a trombone.
The Jazz Age is remembered as a time where people were ridiculously rich, loved to party, and where going to go against what was thought to be acceptable.
The saxophone was invented by Antoine-Joseph Sax, also known as Adolphe Sax. It was invented in 1841 and introduced by Adolphe to famous composer Hector Berlioz the same year. The saxophone has been greatly enhanced from its first introduction in 1841 up to modern day. There are three most commonly used versions of the saxophone other than Alto and they are as follows: Soprano, Baritone, and Tenor Saxophones.
The Web. The Web. 16 Feb. 2014. http://www.heri.ucla.edu/pdfs/sax_final%20report_sing_1f02b4.pdf>. Sokol, Marlene.