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Personal factors that influence style of leadership
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Adolf Hitler’s horrible actions cannot be attributed to a drug addiction, or just being evil. It was a combination of a mental illness, and a mental disorder that caused him to take the actions. He suffered from a narcissistic-borderline personality disorder. He did not suddenly become mad towards the end of the war, but had been unstable his entire life; when under greater stress, it became more prevalent. A narcissistic personality, which is categorized as a mental disorder can be described as, “driven to control and manipulate others.” The narcissist is constantly seeking praise and when he does not receive it he gets bored, but “with his paranoid features he can avoid this emptiness and even feel deeply engaged when defending himself against imagined enemies,” giving him the feeling of purpose. Narcissists also experience fits of rage that can be unbearable and they may project it onto someone else and then believe the anger originated from that person, or persons. “Controlling, manipulating, and grandiose actions are often justified by the narcissistic personality as ways of coping with such unrealistic threats.” This description fits perfectly with Hitler’s view toward the Jews. He had no true reason to hate them or feel that they were ruining the German race. He created these ideas in his mind and they only got worse over the years to the point where he took action them and then tried to exterminate them completely. The borderline personality, which was only recently categorized as a mental illness , is described as, “a severe disorder characterized by pervasive patterns of disturbance or instability across multiple domains of functioning, including behavior (e.g., chronic fear of abandonment, affective instability, int... ... middle of paper ... ..., Hitler’s Psychopathology (New York: International Universities Press, INC., 1983) National Institute of Mental Health. “Borderline Personality Disorder.” http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/borderline-personality-disorder/index.shtml Redlich, Fredrick C., Hitler: Diagnosis of a Destructive Prophet. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1999.) Kubizek, August, The Young Hitler I Knew. (New York: Arcade Publishing, 2011) Hans-Joachim Neumann and Henrik Eberle, Was Hilter Ill? (Cambridge, UK: Polity Press, 2009) Waite, Robert G. L., Psychopathic God (New York: Basic Books, 1977) Carlson, Elizabeth A., Byron Egeland, and L. A. Sroufe. "A Prospective Investigation of the Development of Borderline Personality Symptoms." Development and Psychopathology 21, no. 4 (11, 2009): 1311-34, http://search.proquest.com/docview/201700811?accountid=27975 (accessed December 5, 2013).
Denise Gilmartin, a 26 year old female, exhibits behaviors which meet criteria for Borderline Personality Disorder. Denise exhibits unstable intense interpersonal relationships characterized by idealization and devaluation (Criterion 2). She has a history of brief tumultuous relationships and friendships. They start of with quick intense attachments and are described by Denise as “wonderful” and “incredibly special” (idealization); however, these feelings quickly devolve into “contempt” and “loathing” (devaluation). Additionally, Denise displays an unstable sense of self (Criterion 3). Her unsteady employment history is partially explained by dramatic shifts in interests. She switched from marketing to legal work to waitressing. It is also important to note that interpersonal issues underly most of her
People with Borderline Personality Disorder tend to view the world as simple as possible. People who view the world like this, confuse the actions of others. (Hoermann et al, 2005) Recurrent thoughts about their relationships with others, lead them to experience extreme emotional reactions, great agony which they have a hard time controlling, which would result in engaging in self-destructive behaviors. Diagnosing a patient with this disorder can be challenging which is why is it is labeled as one of the difficult ones to diagnose. (Hoermann et al, 2005)
An estimated 1.6%-5.9% of the adult population in the United States has BPD, with nearly 75% of the people who are diagnosed being women. Symptoms of Borderline Personality Disorder include Frantic efforts to avoid being abandoned by friends and family, Unstable personal relationships that alternate between idealizations, Distorted and unstable self-image, Impulsive behaviors that can have dangerous outcomes, Suicidal and self-harming behavior, Periods of intense depressed mood, irritability or anxiety lasting a couple hours/days, Chronic feelings of boredom or emptiness, Inappropriate, intense or uncontrollable anger - often followed by shame and guilt, and Dissociative feelings. The three main factors that could cause this mental illness are Genetics, Environmental factors, and Brain function. This illness can only be diagnosed by a mental health professional after a series of interviews with the patient and family/friends of the patient. The patient must also have at least five of the nine symptoms of this illness in order to be diagnosed. The most common treatment for this illness is some form of psychotherapy. Some other treatment options are to prescribe medications and if needed a short-term
Selby, E. A., & Joiner Jr, T. E. (2008). Ethnic variations in the structure of borderline personality
Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) has been a disability surrounded by stigma and confusion for a long time, and the time to bring awareness and public understanding to this disability is long overdue. The disability itself often gets misdiagnosed as an other disability since the symptoms overlap with many other disabilities (NIMH, n.d, para 16), or worse case scenario, a medical professional refuses to diagnose or treat the disability due to the belief that these people are untreatable because of a negative schema about the disability and clinical controversies on whether BPD is a legitimate diagnosis (Hoffman, 2007) . However, after nearly three decades of research, it has come to light that BPD does indeed exist, does have a good prognosis for remission with treatment (BPD Overview, n.d, para 3), and that there are many treatment options available such as three different types of psychotherapy (Dialectical Behavior Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, and Schema-focused therapy), omega-3 fatty acid supplements, and/or medications (NIMH, n.d, para 29, 30, 31, and 39, 41). Even though the disability started as a psychoanalytic colloquialism for untreatable neurotics (Gunderson, 2009), BPD is very treatable and doesn’t deserve the stigma it currently carries throughout society.
Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) affects about 4% of the general population, and at least 20% of the clinical psychiatric population. (Kernberg and Michels, 2009) In the clinical psychiatric population, about 75% of those with the disorder are women. BPD is also significantly heritable, with 42-68% of the variance associated with genetic factors, similar to that of hypertension. BPD can also develop due to environmental factors such as childhood neglect and/or trauma, insecure attachment, and exposure to marital, family, and psychiatric issues. (Gunderson, 2011)
The term borderline personality disorder (BPD) was termed by Adolph Stern in the 1930s to describe a group of people on a “borderline” between neurosis and psychosis (SITE). Today, BPD is described by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders as “a pervasive patt...
Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) hinders people’s security, makes interpersonal and interpersonal relationships difficult, worsens the person suffering from the disorder’s life and those around them, effects their affect and self-image, and generally makes a person even more unstable (Davidon et al., 2007). This disorder is a personality disorder which effects the people’s emotions, personality, and daily living including relationships with other and job stability. People with BPD may experience a variation of symptoms including but not limited to: intense contradictory emotions involving sadness, anger, and anxiety, feelings of emptiness, loneliness, and isolations (Biskin & Paris, 2012). This disorder makes it hard for the person with the disorder to maintain relationships since they have tendentious believe that people are either strictly good or bad. Also, they are sensitive to other people’s actions and words and are all over the place with their emotions so those in their life never know which side to expect. (Biskin & Paris, 2012)
Every person has their own opinion on Adolf Hitler, but some do believe he was a good man. He did very terrible things that didn’t even need to be done, and ruined many lives. I have always wondered what could lead Adolf Hitler to want to do such terrible things to such innocent people and destroy so many lives. Only serial killers could find joy in killing a person because it gives them a rush. Once they feel that rush they want to feel it again and again. That’s what leads them to keep going and doing it over and over. Hitler’s mind was like a serial killers mind. He was so okay with going into other countries and destroying them and killing whoever came in his way. What does that have anything to do with the Jews? They were simple people just living their lives and he needed a target to make his campaign stronger. A Psychopath would kill 6 million Jews to make sure they can have what they
Richard Overy, "Misjudging Hitler: A.J.P. Taylor and the Third Reich" (London: Routledge, 1992) p. 99
Some of the most common actions or responses for individuals with borderline personality disorder are suicidal. Incorporating the teaching of problem-solving skills will hopefully, again, reduce the number of suicidal thoughts or behaviors an individual has that could result in serious self-injury (Van Goethem, A., et al.). Lastly, arguably the most important component of the dialectical behavior therapy is allowing those who have undergone the treatment to test what they have learned. The final stage of this therapy involves having the patients visualize themselves in certain scenarios and creating a response to what they are envisioning. The most important part of this process is having patients trust their responses without utilizing the help and opinions of other individuals (Van Goethem, A., et al.). Though there are several different components that make up the dialectical behavioral therapy, they are each crucial to the treatment for individuals with, not only borderline personality disorder, but many other psychological disorders as well. Some of the effects of how this treatment has worked can be observed in a couple of different
Linehan addressed the need for effective and empirically supported psychotherapeutic treatment for borderline personality disorder. She discovered important shortcomings in standard cognitive and behavioral (CBT) treatments (Chapman & Robins, 2004). DBT was developed to address difficulties faced when implementing standard CBT to ...
The history of BPD can be traced back to 1938 when Adolph Stern first described the symptoms of the disorder as neither being psychotic nor psychoneurotic; hence, the term ‘borderline’ was introduced (National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health, 2009, p. 15). Then in 1960, Otto Kernberg coined the term ‘borderline personality organization’ to describe persistent patterns of behavior and functioning consisting of instability, and distressed psychological self-organization (National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health, 2009, p. 15).
Borderline Personality disorder is a commonly misdiagnosed mental illness. The symptoms of borderline personality disorder are so closely related to other mental illnesses, that it is most often under diagnosed or misdiagnosed altogether. This illness can be completely debilitating to effected person. They do not understand that it is their mental illness that is making them feel the way that they do. They feel hopeless, like their lives will never improve from this point. Which is a major factor into why borderline personality disorder has one of the highest rates of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts.
This is what had made Hitler one of the greatest public speakers that the world had ever seen from his time and in history. "The German people and it 's soldiers work and fight today not for themselves and their own age, but also for many generations to come. A historical task of unique dimensions has been entrusted to us by the Creator that we are now obliged to carry out." Hitler, the Fuhrer of Germany, was a very talented spokesman in ways that leaders today could not even begin to compare with. He was charismatic and bold, making it easier for him to win over the minds of many Germans with these two traits. He believed that during his rise to power, he and the people of Germany had been given a duty by God to purify the nation of its imperfect races and weaker people so as to make the mother country strong again for future generations. "Those who want to live, let them fight, and those who do not want to fight in this world of eternal struggle do not deserve to live." In many ways, Hitler felt he was justified in what he was doing, and in some