Adderall Side Effects

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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a chronic condition that is characterized by difficulty sustaining attention, hyperactivity, and impulsive behavior. Adderall increased in popularity upon approval by The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to be used for the treatment of ADHD and treatment of the sleep disorder, narcolepsy, in the 1990s. Although Adderall has been proven effective in decreasing and preventing ADHD symptoms, there are concerns regarding cardiac side effects and the potential for dependence and abuse of its chemical components.

Adderall is a central nervous system stimulant composed of a mixture of amphetamine salts, dextroamphetamine and amphetamine. Amphetamines are thought to block the reuptake of norepinephrine and dopamine into the presynaptic neuron and increase the release of these monoamines into the extra neuronal space. (Developed, 2010). Amphetamines produce feelings of euphoria, relieve fatigue, improve performance, increase activity, and suppress appetite. Euphoric effects associated with the use of amphetamines, increase potential for abuse. Consequently, prolonged use of amphetamines may lead to drug dependence and tolerance. Desired effects are only achieved by increasing to higher doses of amphetamine, which can result in an acute overdose. Seizures, hypertension, tachycardia, hyperthermia, psychosis, hallucinations, stroke, or death can be experienced. Additional reports revealed that those who abuse amphetamines were significantly more likely to report using a greater number of illicit substances including nicotine, marijuana, cocaine, hallucinogens, and opiates.

In order to minimize potential for abuse and remain effective in decreasing and preventing ADHD symptoms...

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Chatterjee, A. (2009). A medical view of potential adverse effects. Nature, 457(7229), 532-533. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.

"Communication about an Ongoing Safety Review of Stimulant Medications Used in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)." U S Food and Drug Administration Home Page. 20 Apr. 2011. Web. 28 Aug. 2011. .

Developed by, R. (2010). Amphetamine/Dextroamphetamine, Oral. CRS - Medication Advisor, 1. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.

FDA Warning on ADHD Medications. (2009). Pediatrics for Parents, 25(2), 1. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.

Kondro, W. (2005). Inconclusive evidence puts Adderall back on the market. CMAJ: Canadian Medical Association Journal, 173(8), 858. doi:10.1503/cmaj.051145

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