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Acceptance in postal rule
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THE RELEVENT CASES OF POSTAL ACCEPTANCE RULE Adam v Lindsell In cases between Adams v Lindsell. The defendant, Lindsell wrote the to the plaintiff, that state Lindsell offering to sell them some quantity of wool on 2nd September. Lindsell requested that the plaintiff, Adam to reply in course of post. However the letter was contained the offer that should be sent to Adam was wrongly addressed lindsell should sent the letter of the offer to Bromsgrove Leceister but it’s sent by the mistakes to Bromsgrove Worcestershire. Adam didn’t received any letter of the offer from Lindsell until 5th September. As the result of this delay, the letter of an offer does not received by Adam until 9th September, and to receive it. Because of the mistakes, this was two day later, Lindsell would have expected to received it. On 8th September Lindsell had sell he wool and gived the offer to the third party. Adam have brought of suits for the losses their sustained by not receiving the fleeches. The cases between Adam v Lindsell is the case was consider when mutual assent to an mutual agreement occur in the particular circumstances of a mail contract. If nce was effective when it arrived at the address or when the defendant saw it, then no contract would have been made and sale to the third party would a mount to revocation of the offer. However, the courts held that the offer had been accepted as soon as the letter had been posted . Adam v Lindsell was indeed a contract in existence before the sale of the wool to the third party, even though the letter had not actually been received by defendant. The trial court was held that Adam’s acceptance was valid when Adam put it in the mail, and that any postponed in process of receiving the acceptance that w... ... middle of paper ... ...n wanted to sue the offeree, Stahag for breach of the contract. The postal rule does not apply to direct or an instant forms of communication and including telex. As telex was used here the postal rule did not apply and the contract is was formed in Vienna. The Court is also are observed that even though with telex the message may not be received by the intended recipient immediately or there are may be agents or other third parties who receive the messages to be passed on to the intended recipient, a telex that goes directly from the offeree’s business to the offeror’s business. This is unlike a telegram which employs the use of a post office and should be treated as if it were an instantaneous communication. If a telex is sent to an office acceptance occurs when the telex reaches the place of business, not when it actually gets to the person it is addressed to.
Bounds v. Smith was argued November 1, 1976 and the case was decided April 27, 1977 by THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS for the Fourth circuit. MARSHALL, J., delivered the opinion of the Court, in which BRENNAN, WHITE, BLACKMUN, POWELL, and STEVENS, JJ., joined. POWELL, J., filed a concurring opinion. BURGER, C.J., filed a dissenting opinion. STEWART, J., post, and REHNQUIST, J filed dissenting opinions, in which BURGER, C.J., joined.
Her little boy wasn't expected to make it through the night, the voice on the line said (“Determined to be heard”). Joshua Deshaney had been hospitalized in a life threatening coma after being brutally beat up by his father, Randy Deshaney. Randy had a history of abuse to his son prior to this event and had been working with the Department of Social Services to keep custody over his son. The court case was filed by Joshua's mother, Melody Deshaney, who was suing the DSS employees on behalf of failing to protect her son from his father. To understand the Deshaney v. Winnebago County Court case and the Supreme courts ruling, it's important to analyze the background, the court's decision, and how this case has impacted our society.
The case of Graham v. Connor is about DeThorne Graham a diabetic that had an insulin reaction, and was pulled over and stopped by Officer Connor. The case is important because it has set the bar when it comes to other cases and the use of force and violation of Fourth Amendment rights.
In America’s time there have been many great men who have spent their lives creating this great country. Men such as George Washington, John Adams, and Thomas Jefferson fit these roles. They are deemed America’s “founding fathers” and laid the support for the most powerful country in history. However, one more man deserves his name to be etched into this list. His name was John Marshall, who decided case after case during his role as Chief Justice that has left an everlasting mark on today’s judiciary, and even society itself. Through Cases such as Marbury v. Madison (1803) and McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) he established the Judicial Branch as an independent power. One case in particular, named Gibbons v. Ogden (1824), displayed his intuitive ability to maintain a balance of power, suppress rising sectionalism, and unite the states under the Federal Government.
“Even in the modern day world, women struggle against discriminatory stigmas based on their sex. However, the beginnings of the feminist movement in the early 20th century set in motion the lasting and continuing expansion of women's rights” (Open Websites). One such organization that pushed for women’s rights was the National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA) established in 1890. The NAWSA was the largest suffrage organization and worked toward securing the right to vote. The NAWSA however was split into two, the NAWSA and the National Women’s Party (NWP), when suffragists were disagreeing on how to achieve their goal.
In the 1996 Supreme Court case Romer v. Evans, the voters of the state of Colorado approved a second amendment to their state Constitution through a referendum, in order to prevent homosexuals from becoming a protected minority. Before the referendum occurred, many of the major cities in Colorado passed laws prohibiting people to be discriminated against based on their sexuality, including whether or not they are homosexual. The citizens of Colorado who disapprove of homosexuality then created a petition to put the second amendment to a vote, and won with a majority of 53% of the votes. Richard Evans, with the support of many others, took the amendment to court claiming it was unconstitutional, and should be removed from the constitution, going on to win in the Colorado Supreme Court and the United States Supreme Court.
1. The plaintiff, Nguyen, issued proceedings claiming damages for a personal injury at a fashion parade owned and occupied by the second defendant, City of Charles Sturt. Statement of claim asserted that a duty of care was owed by the second defendant to the plaintiff on the basis that the second defendant as owner and occupier of the hall, hired the hall to the organiser who failed to provide satisfactory security. Second defendant applied for an order to strike out the State of claim made by the plaintiff, on the foundation that failed to relate any cause of action against the second defendant. The issue the court has to decide is whether the claim pleaded by the plaintiff against the second defendant has any plausible basis or arguable cause of action in negligence, therefore whether it is arguable that a duty of care was owed to the plaintiff by the second defendant to ensure his safety and security at this fashion parade hired by the first defendant, Hiotis.
It has been stated that “a person commits an offence if he enters into or becomes concerned in an arrangement which he knows or suspects facilitates (by whatever means) the acquisition, retention, use or control of criminal property by or on behalf of another person.” In Bowman v Fels, the courts concluded that this section of the act was not interpreted in a way by which it intended to cover or affect the ordinary conduct of litigation by legal professionals, which was the issue that arose here.
Also the prime suspect had other charges pending against him such as possession of illegal substances and the homeowner of the vacant crime scene said the man was a recovering addict. During the conversation with the officers Johnson refused to give up his DNA sample. The man profess he had not commit any murders and did not commit any crimes regarding the matter. Officers then compel him to give his DNA sample with a warrant compelling him to follow the order. Moreover, after the crime was committed it was discovered that Johnson try to sell one of the victims’ cell phone. He was trying to get rid of the evidence that could implement him on the crime. Witness came forward to verify this story that Johnson indeed try to sell the cell phone for cash. In addition, witness said that Johnson try to be the pimp of the victims that he was
It is never enough to create a great product; it has to be coupled with a desire for that product. The competitive advantage that Wedgwood brought to his company was the ability to create demand for goods. He was able to see the needs of the market before the market did and then cultivating market demand to satisfy those needs with his goods. A differentiation strategy was put into place by Wedgwood for his products as there were already a number of pottery options available on the market. Instead of the low quality, irregular options that were available on the market, Wedgwood’s pottery was made from clay, rather than wood, and was a more uniform finished product. A method of increasing demand by raising the perceived value of the pottery is to drive up demand by the high affluent. One of the ways that he accomplished this was through a technique called inertia selling. By putting a high quality and reputable product in the hands of the elite with no penalty, Wedgwood can display first-hand his high-end craftsmanship and design. With the working class working in the homes of...
Dred Scott was born a slave in the state of Virginia around the 1800's. Around 1833 he was purchased from his original owner, Peter Blow, by John Emerson, an officer in the United States Army. Dr. Emerson took Dred Scott to the free state of Illinois to live, and under it's constitution, he was eligible to be free. In around 1836, Dred Scott and his owner moved to Wisconsin territory, a territory that was free under the Missouri compromise. It was in Wisconsin that Dred Scott met and married Harriet Robinson. John Emerson was transferred in 1837 to Ft. Jessup, Louisiana, were he met and married Irene Sandford. Dred Scott and his wife followed Dr. Emerson and his wife from duty station to duty station; they ended up in St. Louis Mo. In May 1840 Dr. Emerson was ordered to war in Florida. Dred Scott remained in St. Louis with his family and Mrs. Emerson. Dr. Emerson returned home after the war, and relocated to Iowa. This time he left the Scotts behind and rented them out. This would be the last time Scott would see Dr. Emerson. Dr. Emerson passed away in 1843, leaving the Scott family to his wife, Irene. In 1846 Dred Scott attempted to buy his freedom from Mrs. Emerson, who refused his offer. With the help and encouragement of John Anderson, their minister, Dred Scott decided to sue.
Both parties exchanged a string of letters. On a letter sent on the 15th of June the defendant stated that unless an official agreement was signed between the two parties this letter should be considered as an advance notice of termination. On the 21st of September the claimant stated in a letter that unless the issues between them were resolved he would no longer make payments. From the 11th of November onwards the claimant was prohibited from entering the premises. The claimant sued claiming damages for the breach of the “facilities contract” and the defendant
One of the controversial issues in the law of contract formation has always been the issue of distance contracts. Matters regarding to the types of rules that should be used to govern this type of contracts have always been a topic of debate. One of these rules includes the age old Postal acceptance rule also known as the “postal rule” or the “Mailbox rule”. This paper seeks to examine the justification of the postal acceptance rule and its place in the modern world with the emergence of electronic means of communication
In Krell v. Henry {1903} a plea of frustration succeeded because the court held that the common purpose for which the contact was entered into, could no longer be carried out. But in the same year for similar set of facts, the Court of Appeal decided in Herne Bay v. Hutton [1903] that the contract had not been frustrated because the "common formation of the contract" had not changed. It clearly was a policy decision which shows the reluctance of the courts to provide an escape route for a party for whom the contract ha...
This judgment given set criterion which is still been used in the modern court system and due to this case it was developed that an offer of contract can be unilateral and doesn’t have to be made to a specific party only. Also it was developed to that the acceptance of an offer does not require a notification and that once the concerned party purchases the product the contract is active then and there itself. And it was also established that purchase of an item is a fine example of consideration and therefore makes it a valid contract. (Smith, 2000).