Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
Ethical dilemmas for assisted reproductive technology
A brief history of assisted reproductive technology
Ethical dilemmas for assisted reproductive technology
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
This type of abortion is directly related to the social standards, usually sex selection does not pursue therapeutic purposes but economic. Couples prefer to have sons and some are willing to undergo treatments of assisted fertilization to ensure a child, not for health reasons but for economic, political or cultural reasons. In 1990, the article published by Amartya Sen entitled "More than 100 million women are missing", referring to the absence of women in Asia caused by infanticide and female feticide, captured public attention and since then the issue has been studied by many authors. In this article, two cases will briefly discuss, India and China. In India, the deficit of women is quite well known and the reasons for this phenomenon …show more content…
This Law (No. 57), stipulates that no center of genetic counselling, laboratory or clinical practice prenatal diagnostic techniques with different objectives to the detection of chromosomal abnormalities, genetic diseases metabolic, genetic diseases linked to sex and congenital abnormalities among others. To be able to carry out these studies the pregnant woman should have more than 35 years, have suffered two or more miscarriages, having been exposed to agents potentially teratogens as drugs, radiation, infections or chemical agents, having a family history of mental retardation or physically deformed or genetic and, if after having covered with the aforementioned, the diagnosis is practiced, under no circumstance is you will inform to her or to their family of the sex of the baby or verbally or by signs or of any another …show more content…
C. by Han Feizi. During decades was achieved to manipulate information about the lack of girls in China, at the beginning it was said that the parents hid, literally, to their daughters of population censuses, since these indicated that the rate of births was normal between boys and girls; however, shortly after it became clear that the deaths in girls increased with each year of life, gradually reducing its proportion. One of the reasons to avoid having a daughter, especially in rural areas, is that the male has more physical strength and therefore can play, do, and work more activities more demanding, what is projected in economic matters to the family. The conditions which should cover a couple to have a second child are set forth in each province, but nearly all agree that the first birth has been a girl, the second child born at least four years after the first, that the woman has more than 28 years of age and that both parents are, at the same time, only
Firstly, the relationship expectations in Chinese customs and traditions were strongly held onto. The daughters of the Chinese family were considered as a shame for the family. The sons of the family were given more honour than the daughters. In addition, some daughters were even discriminated. “If you want a place in this world ... do not be born as a girl child” (Choy 27). The girls from the Chinese family were considered useless. They were always looked down upon in a family; they felt as if the girls cannot provide a family with wealth. Chinese society is throwing away its little girls at an astounding rate. For every 100 girls registered at birth, there are 118 little boys in other words, nearly one seventh of Chinese girl babies are going missing (Baldwin 40). The parents from Chinese family had a preference for boys as they thought; boys could work and provide the family income. Due to Chinese culture preference to having boys, girls often did not have the right to live. In the Chinese ethnicity, the family always obeyed the elder’s decision. When the family was trying to adapt to the new country and they were tryin...
In 1979, China decided to establish a one child policy which states that couples are only allowed to have one child, unless they meet certain exceptions[1].In order to understand what social impacts the one child policy has created in China it important to evaluate the history of this law. China’s decision to implement a Child policy has caused possible corruption, an abuse of women’s rights, has led to high rates of female feticide, has created a gender ratio problem for China, and has led to specific problems associated with both the elderly and younger generation. Finally, an assessment of why China’s one child policy is important to the United States allows for a full evaluation of the policy.
Amniocentesis and ultrasound techniques are the most common ways for couples to determine the sex of the child before it is born. In the US, such tests are routine and not usually alarming, but in nations such as India and China those tests, and others, have become an issue of debate since the results could mean life or death. Until the 1980’s, people in poor countries could do little about their preference for sons before birth, ...
There are variables that could affect her choice. She could be poor, the child could have a birth defect, and so on. Giving her a right to decide whether she should abort the baby, it’s entirely her choice. What if the mother was raped or she got pregnant from incest? Would you traumatise this mother with the child of the rapist for 9 months, and would you allow an inbred child that will most likely have a disability and be put through literal hell?
Ren, Xinhua Steve (1995) "Sex Difference in Infant and Child Mortality in Three Provinces In Chine". Social Science Med. Vol. 40. No. 9 pp. 1259-1269.
Abortion has so many different view points on the topic, some positive some negative. Roe verse Wade played a huge part in the decision making process on abortion. Everyone has their own opinions about abortion but the opinion concerning when life begins had a significant effect on a person’s views concerning whether they are for or against abortion. The studies of long term effects from abortion on women are traumatic and devastating. They can include mental, physical, and emotional problems after an abortion.
Abortion is a practice that many find immoral. This medical procedure allows a woman to terminate a pregnancy within the first few weeks. This issue has caused an uproar from both sides, to consider the question of the morality of the issue. While watching John Oliver, I have found some statements, made by him, explaining why abortion is important and why he is pro-choice. He claims that abortion is ok in certain circumstance, especially rape, the possibility of death, and or defects to the mother or baby. But ultimately, he thinks whatever the reason, the woman can choose to terminate. He also claims that it is within her rights to make such a decision.
Abortion may be one of the most controversial topics in America today. Abortion is defined as “the termination of a pregnancy after, accompanied by, resulting in, or closely followed by the death of the embryo or fetus” (cite dictionary). There are really only two sides on people’s opinion on abortion; pro-life which means abortion should be outlawed and pro-choice which means a woman should be able to decide whether she wants to keep her baby. Thousands of protests and riots have begun due to the fact pro-life activists believe abortion should become illegal. Both sides bring valid points to support their decision that could sway any person’s thoughts. The Roe v. Wade law has allowed abortion to be legal in the U.S since 1973 (Chittom & Newton, 2015). The law “gives women total control over first trimester abortions and grants state legislative control over second and third trimester abortions” (Chittom & Newton, 2015). Ever since the law was put in place, millions of people have tried to overturn it and still
There are many limitations valued when it comes to the right of abortion. The news media still outlines the pros and cons of anti-abortion rights in certain-states-to soon, the entire country. My perspectives on the issue of abortion have been entitled from it to never be banned among citizen’s rights. The reproduction of pregnancy has been emphasized heavily on a mother’s decision to abort their child, but the father of the child plays an active role since he considers to that particular title. Through this current issue, majority of the people against abortion do not seem to have an open mind to how much it primarily affects the decision of the mother amongst her own views of considering abortion.
Less than 1% of all abortions are performed to save the life of the mother, and there have been millions of abortions in the United States alone since they became legal. Abortions are when the fetus is removed from the uterus before it has reached the stage of viability. There are a lot of ways that an abortion procedure can be done. During your first trimester which is up to twelve weeks of your pregnancy they usually do the endometrial aspiration, suction, or curettage to remove the baby from the uterus. In the endometrial aspiration procedure a thin flexible tube is inserted into the woman’s cervical canal (the neck of the womb) and then sucks out the lining of the uterus (the endometrium) with an electric pump. There is another procedure called dilatation and evacuation (also called suction curettage, or vacuum curettage), the cervical canal is enlarged by metal dilators while the patient is under anesthesia, after that a rigid suction tube is inserted into the uterus remove the fetus. Both the evacuation and curettage can be used up to about the 16th week of pregnancy (Britannica, 2013). But after those 16 weeks have passed the woman will have to be injected with the saline solution if there is enough fluid in the amniotic sac surrounding the baby. Saline solution is used to trigger uterine contractions. If that doesn’t work than other methods may be used to induce contractions, but these substances may cause severe side effects. After the toxic mixture is injected, the baby swallows the salt solution and is poisoned and his skin burned. After suffering for 1 to 1 and a half hours, the baby’s heartbeat stops. The effect of the salt solution burns the lungs and strips away the outer layer of the baby’s skin (Life, 2012). This ...
Many people have their own opinions on abortion, that a fetus is a human being with a right to live so abortion is similar to murder. While other groups argue that a woman has certain rights, especially the choice whether to bring another life into the world. The groups that are for it think that abortion gives women the control over their own bodies, which it is their choice when and whether to have children or giving an option to choose to bring or not to bring a child with abnormalities to the world. Some children are born with severe disorders and some parents, being unable to care for their disabled child seek abortion as their one and only option because taking care of a child, especially born with abnormalities is tough work to do as a parent, so they decide whether bring a life into the world. They look ahead on what is best for them, and it is selfish. Or even having in mind that some do not want to become a single parent taking up two roles; a mother and father and they feel like every child should come into the world feeling wanted, loved and cared for. Another reason some women have an abortion is because they do not want to stop work or schooling, and these reasons are consistent across many countries, including America. Other reasons are because of societal pressures, women get little to no social support. But
However, the wish of having multiple children, especially boys, was challenged by the strict One Child policy in 1979. The One Child policy, also known as Family Planning policy, was implemented across the country as one of fundamental national policies under the administration of Population and Family Planning Commission. Based on the purpose of lowering fertility rates to ease social pressure and improve living standard, a married couple is only allowed to have one child with some exceptions made for some ethnic minorities and rural families. The majority of citizens are classified by ethnics and occupations to fit the specific regulations of compensations and punishments to prevent them from having a second child (Li, J., & Cooney, R, S. 1993).
In America, one million teenagers get pregnant every year (National Abortion Federation, 2003). Of these pregnancies, 78% are unplanned because these teenagers start having sex at a very young age and are unaware of ways to prevent pregnancies. Thirty five percent of the pregnant teenagers chose to abort, as they fear that the consequences of the pregnancy might cause significant effects to their lives. The problems that come with teenage pregnancies include dropping out of school, receiving inadequate prenatal care, developing health problems, relying on public assistance to raise a child, and probably divorcing their partners. In most states, the law allows pregnant teenagers to take their babies for adoption without consulting their parents. The same laws allow the teenagers to have an abortion but require parental notification or consent before carrying out the procedure. These laws prove biased as they favor one resolution over the other, as they force some to bear babies they do not want by restricting their options.
According to a Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) study of 2008/09 done by the ministry of health and population in Nepal, suicide was found to be the leading cause of death among the Nepalese women. Nepal is a landlocked country with the population of 26.5 million among whom 51.5% are female while 48.5% are male (Central Bureau of Statistics, 2011) . Nepal offers a variety of diversity in regards to its religion, values, ethnicities, and geography, which have a huge impact on the socio-economic status of the people. In addition, Nepal is hugely a patriarchal society with a transparent social and economic disparity throughout the country due to its hindu caste- based hierarchy. As a result we can see that there is a huge unequal gap between the marginalized and disadvantaged groups who are usually the people at the bottom of the caste hierarchy (untouchables or Dalit and Janajati).
Amanda Hitchcock. 2001. “Rising Number of Dowry Deaths in India.” Annual Editions: Anthropology 11/12, 34th Edition. Elvio Angeloni. New York: McGraw-Hill Higher Education.