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The status of women in Muslim society
The status of women in Muslim society
Women in Muslim society
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The Abbasids tried to manipulate Islamic law by trying to either avoid it or find a way around it to get what they want. The Abbasids called themselves the rightful rulers of the Muslim world because they were descendants of Ali, whom had transferred the right to rule, to them. This gave them more power than anyone else, because they thought of themselves as the chosen ones. Therefore, they did anything they wanted, which included avoiding some laws or finding solutions to get what they want quickly. We know that the caliph wanted/desired a particular girl but he could not have her because she was still owned by Jafar, so the qadi who is Abu Yusuf found a way to marry the girl to a slave man who then would divorce her and give her to the caliphate. …show more content…
In the Middle East it was male-dominant, male’s had all the control in the family. Women’s rule in life was to give birth too many children to continue the family blood line and take care of them, while the men go to work and come home find something for them prepared to eat. Men were the head of the house, whatever they said, had to be obeyed. Women were limited in their rights, even in marriage they weren’t asked for their opinion, “Would you like to marry this guy?” But rather they were forced by their family members to participate in arranged marriages. In this story we see that the slave woman had no rights, this woman obeyed them without saying a word. In addition, to this she was a slave, and slaves had no rights when it came to their master’s commands. She didn’t have a choice but rather obeyed what the master said even if she didn’t agree. Women were mistreated sometimes by men. "Bring the mule’s nose-bag along with you," he added to the groom; "she has not finished her feed, I think; when we get to the palace, put the bag on her again—she can eat the rest of her fodder while I am with the caliph. “Hear and obey," said the groom "(Portland, Maine: Wheelwright, 1955, p 310-313). One can see in this quote that they placed a bag over the girl and limited to when should she eat. The woman was treated as if she was a toy, played with for a while and then placed to the side when they were …show more content…
In the story the girl who was a slave, obeyed her master’s commands. According to the Abbasids slave soldiers were called Ghulam, in the story it is not specific whether the slave is a soldier or a regular man. On the other hand, in this story we see that the slave guy who was given the girl to marry didn’t obey his master, when he told him “now you can divorce her”. As we know throughout history if a slave did not obey his master then they suffer great amount of consequences. But in this story when the slave refused to divorce the girl for a hundred dinars, and the caliph started to give him better offers. The caliph did not order him to be punished or killed for disobediences or anything of that nature. Qadi stated, “Now, you pronounce her divorced—you shall have a hundred dinars for this night’s work. But alas! The slave refused to pronounce the formula. The Qadi raised his offer. The slave still refused, until at least the Qadi had bid him a thousand dinars"(Portland, Maine: Wheelwright, 1955, p 310-313). If anyone was in place of the slave they would have taken the offer of a thousand dinars rather than disobeying and not getting anything in the end. In addition, slaves were not Muslims during the time of the Abbasid rule because it was known that it is immortal and against the law to buy or keep a Muslim slave, “all Muslims are created
The first religion and its views on women that will be discussed in this essay is Islam. Islam is a religions founded in Saudi Arabia almost two thousand years ago, by the prophet Muhammad. In fact, Muhammad dedicated much attention towards women in the Koran, the holy book of Islam. However, even though much was dedicated to women in the Koran, it was not dedicated to them in the sense of equality. Women in Islamic culture were apparently much lower on the totem pole than men, "The men are made responsible for the women, since God endowed them with certain qualities, and made them the bread earners...If you experience opposition from the women, you shall first talk to them, then [you may use such negative incentives as] deserting them in bed, then you may beat them (129)." Excerpt...
Women’s rights in the Middle East are being restricted, therefore there are many different reactions. Some people were in favor of women having equal rights while there are some who are against women to have the same rights. Since before times, many countries in the Middle East have been taking women for granted and minimized their rights by telling them they can't do something or selling them as if they were prized. When women were treated as prizes it was a practice in Afghanistan called Ba’ad that used women as the compensation, for example a story of a girl named Sakina. She was a consolation prize so that her brother could marry a woman and the Jirga system told her she had to marry a 80 year old guy when she was like 18. This tells me
Women in Ottoman society had extremely restricted roles has shown in documents 2, 3, 4, and 1. Document 2 is a chapter of the Qur’an with regards to women’s rights, behavior, and treatment. The Qur’an states that certain action is to be taken in the discipline of disobedient women. The Qur’an claims that disobedient women are to be admonished by men first, then the men should refuse to share their beds with the disobedient woman, then, if they continue, the men should beat them lightly. The
In contrast to the Atlantic slave trade, where the male-female ratio was 2:1, the Arab slave trade instead usually had a higher female-to-male ratio. Concubinage and reproduction served as incentives for importing female slaves, though many were also imported mainly for performing household tasks. In both continents, anything a slave owns, is automatically the master’s own too, however in Arabia, a slave may be allowed to earn money to purchase his or her freedom and similarly to pay bride wealth if he was to be married, the marriage requiring the consent of the master first. If the master was to use his slave for sexual gratification, he may not co-habit with a female slave belonging to his wife, neither can he have relations with a female slave if she is co-owned, or already married. In America, a man may have relations with a slave but it wasn’t very likely, as this was taboo and not approved of.
After the English had come and took over the land in the 1400’s , being a woman came with so many burdens and troubles, but the hardest part of being a woman, they never experienced freedom. As a woman, you had no sense of personal value to a man, you were expected to do as you were told and were severely punished if you did not. Being a woman meant you were property, and with owning property, a way for white land-owning men to make a profit. Along with making a profit, because they were considered property, they could be treated any way the “property owner” saw fit. Women were raped and beat with no freedom to speak up.
Western, David. “Islamic ‘Purse Strings’: the Key to Amelioration of Women’s legal Rights in the Middle East” Air Force law and Review Vol. 61. 0094-8381(2008): p79-147.
The Abbasids was the third of the Islamic Caliphates who followed the Prophet Mohammed (P.B.H). Their dynasty descended from Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib; the prophet’s youngest uncle. They moved the capital of Muslim’s empire from Damascus, Syria, to Baghdad, Iraq. The Abbasids ruled for two centuries from 750-1258. The Abbasids defeated the Umayyad’s in a battle of the Zab, near the Great Zab, with the leadership of Abu al-'Abbas as-Saffah. This occurred because the Abbasids were supported by the Persians. And that’s how they took over the Calipha. Abu al-'Abbas as-Saffah, brother of Abdullah, proclaimed afterwards the Caliph. The Abbasids believed that they are rightful for the calipha more than the Umayyads. They first centered their government in Kufa, but by the help of Caliph Al-Mansur, it was founded in Baghdad as it’s much more closer to Persia. This resulted in a growing reliance on the Persian bureaucrats. The Abbasids renowned themselves from the Umayyads by confronting their moral personality and administration in overall. They appealed to...
rompt: List and explore in depth the factors that contributed to the rapid and widespread adoption of the Islamic Faith and the creation of an empire that extended from Spain to the farthest borders of the Persian Empire.
In the novel She and in the stories of The Arabian Nights, both Haggard and Haddawy explore the expanding gender roles of women within the nineteenth century. At a time that focused on the New Woman Question, traditional gender roles were shifted to produce greater rights and responsibilities for women. Both Ayesha, from Haggard’s novel She, and Shahrazad, from Haddawy’s translation of The Arabian Nights, transgress the traditional roles of women as they are being portrayed as strong and educated females, unwilling to yield to men’s commands. While She (Ayesha) takes her power to the extreme (i.e. embodying the femme fatale), Shahrazad offers a counterpart to She (i.e. she is strong yet selfless and concerned with the welfare of others). Thus, from the two characters emerge the idea of a woman who does not abide by the constraints of nineteenth century gender roles and, instead, symbolizes the New Woman.
In the book, Women in the Middle East, a Saudi Arabian proverb states, "A girl possesses nothing but a veil and a tomb" (Harik and Marston 83). The key words, "veil" and "tomb" lend evidence to the fact that many Middle Eastern women lack identity symbolized by the “veil” and lack the right of ownership except for their veil and the tomb. This statement further enforces the notion that many women in the Middle East are expected to serve and tolerate the oppression of the men in their lives throughout their lives on this earth. Moreover, it confirms that many of these women do not get the opportunity to obtain education, join the work force, and even participate in the political affairs of the country. This arrangement further helps the Middle Eastern men to view women as their properties, servants, or even as slaves. Ultimately, there are three main reasons why Middle Eastern men engage in the act of oppressing their women.
The Bahrainis had a tension between traditional and modern beliefs, values and lifestyles towards women. It was not just only by men but also by women who were afraid to alter views they understand and with which they have been brought up all their lives as this example: one of the women in the office changed the way of dressing after getting married although her husband did not request.
The decline of the Abbasids was not a steady of rapid series of events. There were numerous revivals of the Caliphate in which certain strong Caliphs gained more control and influence over the Islamic world than their predecessors had had. However at no point after the death of Harun al-Rahid (reigned 786-809) was the Caliphate ever as powerful. This period is regarded as the Golden Age of the Abbasid Caliphate and was followed immediately by civil war between his sons. Harun’s two sons were called Al-Amin and Al-Mamun. Al-Amin was the elder and was nominated as the heir to the Caliphate. However Al-Mamun, who was the effective governor of the eastern provinces was ambitious. He was spurred towards seizing the Caliphate for himself by his prominent advisor Al-Fadl. In 810 he declared himself an Iman causing his brother to disinherit and dispatch a great army to snuff out his ever increasing dominance of the Caliphate east of Baghdad. It seemed likely that Al-Mamun would be defeated, his army numbered around 4,000 men but faced 40,000. However he was fortunate in his commander, called Tahir bin Husain, who won him a spectacular victory at Rayy in 811. Tahir proceeded to siege Baghdad in 812. In that year Al-Amin was captured and forced to hand over the office of Caliph to al-Mamun. Al-Amin was executed after trying to escape Baghdad after it had been captured.
Most people have heard the timeless adage “The enemy of my enemy is my friend.” This sentiment applies perfectly when describing the relationship between Charles the Great’s Carolingian Dynasty and the Abbasid Caliphate in the eighth century CE. These two expanding empires faced mutual enemies in both the Ummayad Caliphate as well as the Byzantine Empire. The Ummayad Caliphate had been disrupting Charlemagne’s empire from Spain; this eventually led to the creation of the Spanish March, a buffer zone intended to control his Muslim enemies. This caliphate also was naturally against the Abbasid Caliphate, as the two different groups each sought to be the dominant Caliphate in the Muslim world. Additionally, the Byzantines under Empress Irene inhibited
Fatoum Al-Jassem, aged 14 or 15, was taken to a Sharia court in the city of Al-Reqqah after the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) militants caught her using the social network. Fatoum Al-Jassem was sentenced to death by stoning after the court decided she had shown immoral behavior. After that, women are no longer allowed to leave the house without a male relative or see a male doctor. (Diana Herst) This shows that women are punished for small triviality....
In the Abbasid empire, the position of women was in decline in that fact that their status was not as high compared to the men, their roles were often limited and their subjugation to the men had increased. A primary example of their subjugation to the men was the harem and the veil. The harem was when the wives and the concubines of the Abbasid caliphs were restricted to forbidden quarters of the imperial palace. Although the isolation of women had been practiced by Middle Eastern peoples since ancient times, the harem was created by the Abbasid court. Many of these concubines were slaves but could win their freedom and gain power by bearing healthy sons for the rulers. With the Abbasid elite growing more wealth, there was a big demand for