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Chapter 12 judaism history alive
Arab-israeli conflict
Arab-israeli conflict
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Introduction:
Jews have a long history in a world which is being considered one of the ancient holy religions in the world. However, Jews became one of most people who suffer from discrimination and hate among other religious. Many Jews lose their identity and cultural because of the lock of the Jewish nationalism. On the other hand, Palestine is an consider to be very valuable in a religious aspect to Arabs Muslims. The Jew is believed that by creating a state for Jews could solve their problem and unite them under one nationalism and identity that the main ideology of Zionism movement and to establish a new state to Jewish. Therefore, The establishment of Jewish problem state has helped to solve Jews problems that they have suffered from losing identity as Haam believed and unified Jews under on the state which is Isere’s.However, creating Jews state has a high disadvantage in the Arabs region because of a merge conflict between Jews and Arabs in the Middle East region especially in Palestine. In this research paper will focusing on the problem that emerge by establishing Isere’s state and how that impact of Palestine refugee problem and their right to return.
Define of the Jewish problem:
In general prospective Jewish problem is considered to rebuild their identity and nationalism as Leo Pinsker who is a Jewish intellectual in Russia. He believes that Jews will not expect in European as part of them.Therefore, Jewish only option for freedom of the high movement against being by creating their Jewish homeland with only Jews citizen and excluded the other ethnic group (Pinsker 1882). This” Jewish problem” can define as Leo Pinsker that Jews need their own state to protect them from another state whom discrimination and hated to throw them. According to Pinsker that Judeophobia is a term that develop to become anti-Semitism that express hater against Jewish people that lead to many of state government declare war massacres in Jewish history for instance genocide of Spanish Jews in 139 (Pinsker 1882).
Jewish problem defines as Ahad Ha'am, who consider to be an early thinker of Zionist and founder of cultural Zionism which mean is that Jew identity considers being by languages and historical heritages. Moreover , Ha'am his own theory of so-called "cultural Zionism", which aims to send or update Jewish culture traditional so it can co-exist with the modern era, and could be accomplished within the framework of the national centralization .
“Modern anti-Semitism, in contrast to earlier forms, was based not on religious practices of the Jews but on the theory that Jews comprised an inferior race. Anti-Semites exploited the fact that Jews had been forced into exile by extolling as ‘fact’ that their ‘rootlessness’ had a genetic basis. A Jew was a Jew not because he or she practiced any particular religion, but because it was a character of his or her blood.”
r remains faithful to the memory of his peaceful childhood when Jews and Palestinians lived together in peace, and the prospect of a better future. Despite the political wrongs his people have suffered, he is proud of his heritage and intends to “restore race relations between Jews and Palestinians, (by restoring) human dignity” (146). To do this, Chocour implements innovative techniques: he has Palestinians visit the Kibbutzim, and has Jews spend time with Palestinian families. Chocour’s message is quite honorable, “to change hearts not institutions” (222). Chocour remembers that “Jews and Palestinians are brothers, the(y) have the same father, Abraham, and believe in the same God” (34).
“Many Jews were fleeing Europe from Hitler so that they can reclaim the land they believed was their Biblical birthright, (Document 4 Excepts from the Israeli Declaration of Independence). Leaders were petitioning Great Britain to allow Jewish people to begin migrating into Palestine, then in 194 8the formal state of Israel was formed. “The Balfour Declaration Britain promised a national home for the Jewish people as seen in” (document 2). However, people were already living there so the natives felt like they were getting there home taken away from
Throughout history, Jews have been persecuted in just about every place they have settled. Here I have provided just a small ...
The ideas of David, Reuven and other reform Jews sparked new interest in the notion of a Hebrew state in Palestine. Zionism was an idea with a long history, but it starts to involve the characters of The Chosen and picks up intensity after the Holocaust.
On November 29, 1947, the United Nations voted for a partition resolution that led to the establishment of the nation of Israel in May, 1948. This was great news for Jews in Palestine and the diaspora as it meant the fulfillment of the quest for the rebirth of their nation in their previous homeland after many years of wandering (Pappe, 2006, p. 12). However, their Palestinian Arab counterparts opposed to the establishment from the start felt cheated by the international community and remained categorical that the final answer to the Jewish problem would only be solved in blood and fire (Karsh, 2002, p. 8).
The transition of Jews through history is one, which is complex and took place over a long period. There are many factors, which contributed to the change of the status of Jews within their world and changes in their status as well; these changes affected the religious and cultural values of European Jews, which lead to an alteration in their own perception, as well as the surrounding populace. There are several opinions as to how non- Jews perceive the issues that led to Emancipation of Jewish people. Prior to the period of Emancipation there were three main characteristics which defined the traditional Jewish communities of Europe. These three aspects are community, autonomy and torah (religion). In relation to Torah, there is a common yearning to return to their homeland in Eretz Yisrael. As it is known from the Greek era, the purpose of a state or community was to glorify one's own religion and as a result, Jews could not be members of a Christian state. Therefore, they had no choice but to form their own communities within the larger Christian State. A Jew is a member of the Jewish nation and people and religion is what defined your life and place in society. Virtually everything revolved around the community; decisions were made with the impact of the community in mind. An essential aspect of this community was the conceptions of ghettos; Jews lived, worked, and played in these ghettos. These ghettos kept the Jewish community contained, and also provided a sense of separatism from outside influences. "The point can also be made that separation was in fact a contributing factor to healthy relations (between Jews and non- Jews)" with their concern for l...
Before it happened, virtually no one thought such a slaughter likely or even possible. To be sure, for many centuries anti-Semitism had been widespread throughout Europe. Devout Christians had viewed the Jews as Christ killers and deliberate misbelievers, but conversion was considered the inevitable cure, however long it might be delayed. Following the Jew's emancipation from discriminatory laws in the 19th century, the old religious anti-Semitism was joined by secular nationalism that challenged the Jews' qualifications for membership in the nations in which they lived. Secular anti-Semites objected when the Jews newly freed from persecution, often tied their destinies to growing capitalist economies, to architecture, and the theater. As we have learned and talked about in class, their success in banking, business, politics, and culture made the Jews far more visible in society than what their small numbers were. Europeans who felt threatened by modernity, and especially those who lost status as the result of economic changes and the spread of democracy, sometimes blamed the Jews for problems.
The history of the Jewish people is one fraught with discrimination and persecution. No atrocity the Nazis did to the Jews in the Holocaust was original. In England in 1189, a bloody massacre of the Jews occurred for seemingly no reason. Later, the Fourth Lateran Council under Pope Innocent III required Jews to wear a badge so that all would know their race, and then had them put into walled, locked ghettos, where the Jewish community primarily remained until the middle of the eighteenth century. When the Black Death ravaged Europe in the medieval ages, many Europeans blamed the Jews (Taft 7). Yet, the one thing that could be more appalling than such brutal persecution could only be others’ failure and flat-out refusal to intervene. Such is the case with the non-Axis coutries of World War II; these nations failed miserably in their responsibility to grant basic human rights – even the right of life – to Jewish immigrants prior to World War II.
A close examination of the history of French Jewry makes it clear that antisemitism is a relatively modern concept. This was demonstrated by the gradual transformation in the attitude of the French population towards Jews, which evolved from anti-Judaism to outright antisemitism.
Since the inception of an Israeli nation-state in 1948, violence and conflict has played a major role in Israel’s brief history. In the Sixty-One year’s Israel has been a recognized nation-state, they have fought in 6 interstate wars, 2 civil wars, and over 144 dyadic militarized interstate disputes (MIDs) with some display of military force against other states (Maoz 5). Israel has been involved in constant conflict throughout the past half century. Israel’s tension against other states within the Middle East has spurred vast economic, social, and political unity that has fostered a sense of nationalism and unity in Israel not seen in most other states. Over the next several pages I will try and dissect the reasons for why the nation state of Israel has been emerged in constant conflict and how this conflict has helped foster national unity and identity among the people of Israel.
As we have seen, within Zionism a grand narrative evolved; an interpretation of Jewish history, which presented historical dichotomies between the perceived Golden Age of the Jews in Antiquity and the declining life of the Jews in the Diaspora (Zerubavel 2002: 115). The narrative advocated continuity and identification with Antiquity and contained a strong negation of the Diaspora period. Influenced by Anti-semitic depictions of European Jews, the Jews in the Diaspora was portrayed in the Zionist discourse as old, sickly, uprooted, cowardly, manipulative, helpless and defenseless in face of persecution, and either solely interested in materialistic gains or conversely, excessively immersed in religion and spirituality (Zerubavel 2002: 116). This narrative of decline was to be replaced by a narrative of progression beginning with the Zionist return to the Land of Israel and leading towards national redemption (Zerubavel 2002: 115). The return to Zion was to serve as a revival of the native-Hebrew identity, that had been suppressed during centuries of exile. Through a symbolic return to antiquity, a return to the homeland, revival of Hebrew as a national language, renewal of the ancient Hebrew’s national spirit and culture, the Zionist movement sought to preserve historical continuity and incorporate a broader vision of the future for the Jewish people (Zerubabel 2013: 174). This became increasingly evident in the middle of the mid 20th century with the idealization of the Sabra, the New Jew, which embodied the opposite qualities of the “Old Jew” from the Diaspora; the Sabra was young and robust, daring and resourceful, direct and down-to-earth, honest and loyal, ideologically committed, an ready to defend ...
Anti-Semitism, a hatred of Jews, has been present for centuries in many places. However, the term ‘Anti-Semitism’ itself only came into use in the nineteenth century, and along with it came an ideology which fuelled this deep psychological hatred to develop into a political movement which culminated in Nazism. Throughout history, the reasons for Anti-Semitism have differed and in Imperial Germany, it was a combination of religious, racial and political factors which led to such hostility toward Jews. However, the economic state of the nation is often thought to be the main reason behind the way in which Jews were treated during this period.
When Yasser Arafat addressed the United Nations General Assembly, he tried to articulate the actions the Palestinian Liberation Organization had taken and to justify those actions. Arafat points out that the struggles with Imperialism and Zionism began in 1881 when the first large wave of immigrants began arriving in Palestine. Prior to this date, the Muslims, Jews (20,000) and Christians all cohabitated peacefully (pop. 1/2 million). In 1917, the Belfour Declaration authorized increased immigration of European Jews to Palestine. 1 From 1917 to 1947, the Jewish population in Palestine increased to 600,000 and they rightfully owned only 6% of the Palestinian arable land. Palestine population at this time was now up to 1,250,000. 1
The United Nation Resolution 181 (1947), this resolution impacts the stability in the Middle East region which leads to many conflicts between Arab and Jewish minority. Therefore, partition was in Arab perspective is planned for the divided Arab world to cause instability among Arabs and minority so western imperialism can easily roll over the Arab region to drain resources and protect their interest in the region. In Jew perspective Arabs treated them very badly and expelled , forcibly converted them to Islam because of that Jews afraid not practice their belief as they want , as a result of that the Zionist movement rise to recreated Jewish state and to give Jewish their nationalism and identity.