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Causes and consequences of human trafficking
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Article Review
“What Predicts Human Trafficking”
The article that is under review is titled “What Predicts Human Trafficking” by Kevin Bales. Aims of this article seek to highlight the most important predictor of human trafficking on a global scale. According to Bales, multiple indicators that identify human trafficking have previously been acknowledged by earlier investigations. These indicators derive from social, political, cultural and economic difficulties that affect the livelihoods of an individual with respect to global location. The assessment of variables during the scope of research distinguishes prospects, destitution, and controversy as the critical factors in determining the incidence of human trafficking. Additionally, research cites government corruption and the influence said corruption has on human trafficking. Exploratory research conducted by the author draws attention to a capricious phenomenon that has become intertwined with individual justice. Research solidifies the presence of human trafficking despite the lack of statistical information readily available. By rationalizing variables on an elevated scale, greater insight can be provided into the realm of trafficking. Through thoughtful and succinct characterization of the predictors of human trafficking, the author achieves at simplifying the multifaceted gauges of the trafficking of the populace.
Prior and existing knowledge of trafficking reveals a general understanding of the term trafficking, and, minimal insight into the factors that encourage it. Though this information may appear to be a sufficient basis for understanding human trafficking, the author explicitly affirms the “serious” need for more information related to the field. In addition to ...
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...man trafficking was tailored to answer specific questions relating to the authors scope of research. Though these questions have now been answered, the future of research related to human trafficking will most likely look towards the effort and analysis that is contained in this article as well as what individuals can take from Bales simplistic research. Bales innovative research effectively accomplished the goals that were set. The article is clear in content making it easy to read courtesy of the articles straightforward explanations of objectives, concepts, methods, and evidence. Areas of Bales research briefly mentioned the criminalization of individuals accused of trafficking regardless of form. Future research on human trafficking contributes greatly from the acknowledgement that there are numerous forms of trafficking; and that these forms must be addressed.
As victim count continues to rise, its difficult to see how such great numbers of men, women and children are bought and sold every year. Trafficking can be found in many forms, including: prostitution, slavery, or forced labor (Harf and Lombardi, 2014). It wasn’t until the 1980’s that international human trafficking became globally noticed. With the lack of government intervention and control in several nations, and the free trade market, slavery once again became a profitable industry (Harf and Lombardi, 2014). As previously mentioned, easier movement across nations borders is one of the outcomes of globalization. It is also what makes human trafficking so easy today. It is estimated that about 20.9 million people are victims across the entire globe (United Nations Publications, 2012); trafficking accounts for 32 billion dollars in generated profit globally (Brewer, n.d). 58 percent of all human trafficking was for the purpose of sexual exploitation, and of this 55-60 percent are women (United Nations Publications,
This study examines the research that initially began on October 28, 2000 and spanned through to October 31, 2009. If a human trafficking case occurred in the US, with the victim being under the age of 18, and at least one arrested, indicted or convicted felon, their case would be filed in the data analysis report. This research resulted in the finding of 115 separate incidents of human trafficking, involving at least 153 victims and 215 felons or perpetrators, 117 (53.4%) of them being convicted of their heinous actions. Each individual case consisted of anywhere between 1 to 9 victims of trafficking. 90% of these victims were females between the ages of 5 to 17 years who were held captive from less than 6 months to 5 years. 25 (16.3%) of these minors were exploited through some type of false promise and 15 (9.8%) were kidnapped. 34 (22.2%) of the victims were abused through com...
“Human trafficking coerces and persuades their victims to cross national borders in search of new jobs and better opportunities and after that they are forced into some sort of labor bondage” (At Issue: Human Trafficking 1). Even though trafficking is a problem in almost every country; poorer countries have a bigger problem with it because they are more desperate for work. Just in 2000, the U.S. enacted their first federal anti-trafficking law, called the Victims of Trafficking Protection Act (At Issue: Human Trafficking 1). Trafficking has just begun to receive notice on how big of a problem it actually is. “Proponents of strict anti-trafficking initiatives say that laws and prevention against trafficking are necessary in order to stem the growing tide of large scale organized crime that profits off of smuggling and trafficking” (At Issue: Human Trafficking 1).
In today’s world, numbers and statistics play an undeniable role in shaping our perception of the world, and quantification has become a universal tool to support claims and provide necessary evidence. Such cases are especially predominant in the fields of politics and media. People nowadays seem to automatically accept numbers and mindlessly repeat them with an unquestionable air of authority and validity, without considering the importance of examining the methodology behind them and the source that produced them. David Feingold makes this clear in his chapter titled Trafficking in Numbers: The Social Construction of Human Trafficking Data, as he states that the trafficking field is best described as one of “numerical certainty” and “statistical doubt” (p. 53), numbers in that field provide false precision and spurious authority while lacking any supporting proof. He offers examples that substantiate his arguments, and the suspect data behind them becomes clear when using the tools provided by Joel Best in his book Stat Spotting: A Field Guide to Identifying Dubious Data.
“Human Trafficking appears as the most common form of modern day slavery, the fastest growing business of organized crime, and the third largest criminal enterprise in the world” (2014).
“Trafficking in persons and human trafficking have been used as umbrella terms for the act of re...
Summary: We see that there are many different aspects and types of human trafficking that everyone should be made aware of. As a whole human trafficking is a lucrative industry raking in $150 BILLION globally. The impact that this industry has on its victims is
In the world, we live in people are struggling more than ever to make it to their dreams and are using all the means they can to achieve them. Today over 2 million people move from their homes to search for a better life. However not always do they find the happy ending they are looking for. Sometimes they meet people who could care less about them or their dreams and only want to fulfill their own agenda. Due to their desperateness, they have found themselves as victims of an immoral behaviors, human trafficking! I have chosen to analyze human trafficking. Human trafficking is one of the most popular crimes in the United states and foreign countries. First off, let me explain what human trafficking is human trafficking is “an illegal movement
Human trafficking is among the fastest growing categories of crime in the world right now, rivaled only by the drug and weapons industries. A 32 billion dollar global enterprise annually, its effects are far reaching and highly damaging to all involved. In reality, “human trafficking” is essentially a politically correct term for slavery. Through books, articles, and interviews, the two phrases are used interchangeably and are used to mean the same exact thing. There is an endless list of myths and misconceptions in regards to human trafficking, but I plan to keep all the information here very clear and concise. According to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, “Human trafficking is the acquisition of people by improper means such as force, fraud or deception, with the aim of exploiting them.” (1) This means that innocent people are taken from their homes and families, kept in secret and forced to work for their captor or whomever they are sold to. This work may be physical labor and it may be sexual in nature. The living conditions are usually harsh, and it is not uncommon for the captor (or
Thousands of foreigners are smuggled across national borders as forced labour in factories, farms, and brothels. Many are forced to become victims of human trafficking through force or the false promise of the American dream. The threat of human trafficking presently is that it deprives people of their human rights, it is a global health risk, and fuels the growth of organized crimes, such as sex crimes. Within this paper I will discuss my research on human trafficking and the victims’ deprivation of human rights. In order to so, I will synthesize three relevant sources on this topic, discuss additional questions that should be addressed when further researching this issue from a peace studies perspective, and outline a specific proposal for future research.
Human trafficking is a form of slavery, forcing victims to engage in sexual activities and labors against their will. These activities can be taken place through force, fraud, or constraint. Human trafficking is not just affecting one group of people, it is a worldwide issue, affecting all different ages, genders, ethnicities, and socio-economic backgrounds. Human trafficking is such an immense problem, apprehending the true size, knowing how to help, and how to keep the issue from reoccurring. Human trafficking is and is still becoming such a serious issue that something needs to be done about.
Scholars also identified human trafficking continues to capture the imagination of the global public (Goździak et at., 2015:5). One of the serious challenges in the world today is the issue of human trafficking. A 2005 report issued by the International Labor Organization estimated human trafficking to be the third most profitable illicit business after drug trafficking and arms dealing (Daoud,
According to estimates, more than 700,000 people are trafficked every year for the purposes of sexual exploitation and forced labour. They are transported across borders and sold into modern-day slavery. Over the past decade, trafficking in human beings has reached epidemic proportions. No country is immune. Clawson (2009) discusses how the search for work abroad has been fueled by economic disparity, high unemployment and disruption of traditional livelihoods. It recognizes neither boundaries nor borders. Consequently profits from trafficking feed into the casket of organized crime. Trafficking is fueled by other criminal activities such as document fraud, money laundering and migrant smuggling. Because trafficking cases are expansive in reach, they are among the most important matters. (Clawson 2009)
Trafficking in humans is a massive underground industry throughout the United States as well as close to home, mainly Chicago and it’s suburbs. “Human Trafficking is the recruiting, harboring,moving or obtaining a person by force, fraud or coercion, for the purposes of involuntary servitude, debt bondage or sexual exploitation( Human Trafficking in Illinois ).” Human Trafficking is one of the largest and is the fastest growing criminal industry in the world. Annually, 9.5 billion dollars of profits are generated from trafficking humans worldwide. “Persons do not have to have been transported internationally to be considered victims of trafficking” (Facts about Human Trafficking).
Human trafficking, or the selling and buying of people, is a well-hidden yet prominent issue within today’s society. It is both an immoral and horrific topic that needs brought to attention and dealt with. When human beings are manipulated into work, sexual servitude, or economic hardship, human trafficking is occurring. In the year of 2006, only one individual is convicted of human trafficking per 800 victims (UNGIFT). By looking at straight statistics, reasons human trafficking happens, and the toll it has on people, it is very clear that this is a major issue that is happening in our world.