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Brief bio of Stephen Hawking
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Stephen Hawking and a Russian billionaire plan to send spacecraft to Alpha Centauri in 20 years Today the prototype for 'Starchip' was revealed today. This minature spacecraft is the brainchild of the cosmologist, and author Stephen Hawking. He has partnered with Russian billionaire and, philanthropist Yuri Milner. Recently, they have added Facebook's founder Mark Zuckerberg to the team. Additionally, Pete Worden, the former director of NASA's AMES research Center, will lead the team who will create Starchip. The team theorizes that by using ground based supercharged lasers, they will be able to accumulate the power they need to accelerate Starchip. It must reach similar speeds required to launch a full size space shuttle. They want to attach Starchip to 'Lightsail', which will only weigh a couple of grams, and only be a meter thick. The Lightsail will be generally propelled by light, and supercharged by lasers directed at Starchip to boost its speed. …show more content…
Starchip will be around the size of a postage stamp, and smaller than a smartphone It will weigh around a gram. On board will be tiny cameras, photon thrusters, power supply, navigation, and communication equipment. The project is estimated to cost around $100 million. The purpose is to prove a proposed concept for interstellar travel. To increase the traveling speed of Starchip, Hawking, and Milner will use a tiny satellite with a large laser powered sail to increase thrust. What is Alpha Centauri? Alpha Centauri (α Cen) is our solar system closest star neighbor. There are three stars in the system: Alpha Centauri A, Alpha Centauri B, and Alpha Centauri C or Proxima Centauri. To the unaided eye, Alpha Centauri A, Alpha Centauri B look like one of the brightest stars in the night sky to help form the constellation Centaurus. This star system resides at 4.37 ly (1.34 pc) away from us. But
Another group of stars, which are rather small, is found near the bottom left of the H-R Diagram.
Hadar, also known as Beta Centauri, is the 10th brightest stars (11th as viewed from Earth). Hadar is a blue-white super giant in the constellation Centaurus (Cen). In about 4,000 years, the motion of Alpha Centauri, who’s proper name is Rigel Kentaurus, will carry it close enough to Hadar that they will appear to be a magnificent double star. Because of the distance away from Earth that Alpha and Beta Centauri are (approximately 90 parsecs), they will be an optical double.
The spacecraft structure greatly influenced the impact of this mission on science history. The spacecraft itself weighed 503 kilograms, or 1,108 pounds. The fuel weighed twenty-nine kilograms, or sixty-four pounds. The adapter weighed thirty kilograms, or sixty-six pounds (Hamilton 1). Measuring the spacecraft diagonally resulted in 1.39 meters, or 4.56 feet. The depth measurements came out to .457 meters, or 1.5 feet (Hamilton 1). Two solar panels were strategically placed on top, both 2.7 meters, otherwise known as 8.86 feet, in perimeter measurements (Hamilton 1). This eight-sided spacecraft was also equipped wi...
The position of women in Classical Athens has often been described as subordinate in comparison to men. Women were categorized in very particular ways: Athenian women were wives, while those who migrated to Athens from other city-states were slaves or prostitutes. Countless literature, from tragedy to comedy and political texts, reinforces the notion that citizen women were meant to serve their husbands within the confines of the oikos and produce legitimate sons in order to further the glory of men while non-Athenian women served their purpose towards men through sexual pleasure. While there may be partial truth to these views, Athenian women played a crucial role in the religious sphere. Religion was directly linked to civic identity and was a fundamental and sacred element of not only a city-state, but to Greece as a whole during the Classical period. Surviving documentation has demonstrated that Athenian women played a vital part to specific religious traditions, such as the participation in the festivals of Thesmophoria and Adonia. Furthermore, there exists evidence that proves women could also acquire the position of priestess for particular cults, a position that increased their reputation and status in a culture that considered them inferior. These marginalized women used religion as a way to carve out a sacred and protect space for themselves, using it to create a sense of freedom in their lives and to bridge the gap in equality between them and the dominant men.
After World War II both the United States and the Soviet Union realized how important rocket research would be to the military. So they each hired the top rocket scientists from Germany to help with their research. After they hired them both sides were making a lot of progress. The Space Race began in 1955 when the Americans announced that they would start launching satellites into orbit. The Soviets took the US announcement as a challenge and established a group whose goal was to beat the US in putting a satellite into orbit. Even though the United States started the competition the Soviets still won because they launched the first successful satellite into orbit, put a dog into outer space and also put the first man into outer space. Some might say that the United States won because they put the first man on the moon, which was a huge feat made by the Americans. So for winning many missions against the U.S. the Soviets won the Space Race.
The Orion Nebula is one of the closest stellar regions to the Earth. Using parallax measurements, it has been estimated that this nebula is only 1,500 light years away. In addition, the Orion Nebula is a relatively young star cluster, with an approximate age of less than one million years. It has even been speculated that some of the younger stars within the cluster are only 300,000 years old.
In 2013, the asteroid Chelyabinsk exploded over Russia, injuring 1,600 people and damaging 7,300 buildings; thankfully the budget for asteroid tracking went from $20 million to $40 million after this catastrophe (3). Situations like these are why we need to make asteroid-redirect spacecraft a top priority. Capitol Hill, however, did not like the ballpark cost that NASA suggested last year, which was about $2 billion (Leone 2). The future of space exploration should start now.
It is within man’s blood and nature to explore, and space is our next New World. Man’s first achievement in space travel was the launch of the Sputnik on October 4, 1957. For the next decades, space travel was roaring like a rocket, fueled by man’s desire to explore, man’s desire for knowledge, and man’s desire to beat his enemies. However, these impulses have died out as the well of government funding has been diverted to wars and debts, and the interest of the American people has been diverted to wars and debts. Amidst all these issues it is debated as to whether or not space travel is worth the money and the attention of scientists, particularly since humanity faces so many issues on earth currently. However, because of the past inventions, current services, and future benefits, space travel is indeed worth the money and attention of governments and people. It is within our hands to control man’s advancement, and space travel is the next venue to do so.
never heard of? Thanks to space probes these dreams may become a reality sooner than u think. In the past years there have been many space probes launched and even more discoveries made by them. These probes are helping people to better understand our solar system and everything it. They are also helping to make many new discoveries.
The Andromeda Galaxy is the Milky Way Galaxy’s closest neighbor; with it being around 2.5 million lightyears away from Earth. It was once referred to as the Great Andromeda Nebula in older readings. It gets its name from the Andromeda constellation which in turn received its name from the Greek goddess Andromeda.
People have been venturing out into the universe for many years now. In addition to satellites, both women and men astronauts have traveled into space to collect data about the universe. The first human being, the first animal, and the first spacecraft in orbit, were all achievements of the Soviet Union.
Human fascination with the stars is as ancient as Babylonians and has been suggested to be older than Stonehenge. From “be fruitful and multiply” to “live long and prosper,” the instinct to protect and propagate the species has manifested in religion, art, and the imaginations of countless individuals. As human understanding of space treks out of the fantastical and into the scientific, the realities of traveling through and living in space are becoming clearer. Exploring, investigating, and living in space pose an expansive series of problems. However, the solutions to the problems faced by mankind's desire to reach beyond the horizon, through the night sky, and into the stars are solutions that will help in all areas of life on Earth.
http://www.aerospace.org/education/inspiring-the-next-generation>. Hawking, Stephen. The. The “Why We Should Go Into Outer Space”. National Space Society (NSS).
...s take more than twelve hours to reach Earth” (Folger 3). Voyager 2 is the further of both of the spacecrafts and will be the first craft to ever enter interstellar space (3). Since their launch, both of these space robots have been sending back data 37 years later (2). All of these robots prove more than a human ever could about the progress we can make when given the right guidance and technology.
Overall, the Astronomy conversation was a success. Sharing of information led to new ideas and a great discussion on the future of space travel. All participants learned something new about the future of space travel. Last, it was obvious that regardless of age, education, or professional background, people are interested and excited about the future of space travel.