Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
Comparing Research designs capella 8008
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Recommended: Comparing Research designs capella 8008
Reversal design involves repeated measures of behavior in a given setting requiring at least three consecutive phases: initial baseline, intervention, and return to baseline (Cooper, 2007). As with any intervention, baseline data is a typical primary condition for beginning the process. With reversal design data is collected, until steady state responding is achieved and then intervention is begun. The condition is applied in the form of treatment and then reversal of the treatment is performed. This procedure is described as A-B-A or baseline, treatment, baseline. The operation and logic of the reversal design involves the prediction, verification, and replication of the treatment reducing the target behavior. The reversal of the treatment can be credited for the responsibility for the behavior change if the repetitions of the baseline and treatment phases are exact to the original phases.
The primary benefit of reversal design is its ability to distinguish between the functional relationship of the independent and dependent variables. Repeated replications of reversal design presents convincing demonstration of functional relationships of the independent variable. The reversal design quantifies the amount of the behavior changes. Once data is collected the need to change the program for maintenance can be made.
The reversal design involves possible social and scientific disadvantages that should be considered before treatment is begun. Treatment can become redundant for the subject. Ethically the provider must consider if the treatment is appropriate for the behaviors the subject exhibits. Is it effective treatment to withhold treatment to the subject. Does the provider of the treatment plan have the full cooperation...
... middle of paper ...
... Practice in Special Education. Exceptional Children, 71(2), 165-179.
McDougall, D. (2006). The Distributed Criterion Design. Journal of Behavioral Education, 15(4), 236-246. doi:10.1007/s10864-006-9030-x
Miller, L. K. (2006). Principles of Everyday Behavior Analysis (4th ed.). Australia: Thomson/Wadsworth.
Richards, S. (1999). Single subject research: applications in educational and clinical settings. San Diego: Singular Pub. Group.
Shadish, W.R., Kyse, E., & Rindskopf, D.M. (2013). Analyzing data from single-case designs using multilevel models: New applications and some agenda items for future research. Psychological Methods, 18(3), 385-405. Doi:10.1037/a0032964
Smith, J.D. (2012). Single-case experimental designs: A systematic review of published research and current standards. Psychological Methods, 17(4), 510-550. Doi:10. 1037la0029312
American Psychological Association. (2001) Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (5th ed). Washington, DC: McLaughlin & Reinking
Schacter, D. L., Gilbert, D. T., & Wegner, D. M. (2010). Psychology. (2nd ed., p. 600). New York: Worth Pub.
A multiple-baseline design differs from a reversal design by attempting to control for confounds through the introduction of treatment at differing time intervals to a few different people, to the same person in different situations, or to the same person across different behaviors. Reversal designs attempt to control for confounds by reversing the baseline and treatment conditions one or more times to assess the impact on behavior (Jackson, 2012).
Gall, S. B., Beins, B., & Feldman, A. (2001). The gale encyclopedia of psychology. (2nd ed.). Detroit, MI: Gale Group.
Social workers can use a single-subject design with a client to evaluate whether or not a certain intervention is achieving the desired outcome. The first step when utilizing a single subject design in clinical practice is to obtain the client’s baseline. A baseline is a control phase or the measurement of the client’s mental status or behavior before the intervention (cite textbook). One common single-subject design model is the ABA. This model includes one baseline phase (A), one intervention phase (B) and another baseline phase (B). The purpose of this design in social work practice is to help the social worker determine the effectiveness of the intervention on the
Gall, S. B., Beins, B., & Feldman, A. (2001). The gale encyclopedia of psychology. (2nd ed., pp. 271-273). Detroit, MI: Gale Group.
Westen, D., Burton, L., & Kowalski, R. (2006). Psychology: Australian and New Zealand edition. Milton, Australia: John Wiley & Sons.
Some of the advantages include the ability to target only one behavior, unlike the multiple baseline and multiple probe designs (Gast and Ledford (2014). In addition changing criterion can be used to evaluate an increase or decrease in certain behaviors. Changing criterion has been used to monitor desensitization, fading out prompts and self-monitoring (Gast and Ledford (2014). Lastly, changing criterion allows participants to use small steps in each phase to change behavior without any additional stress on the participant.
According to Cooper & Heron & Heard 92007), the multiple baseline design is the mostly used by behavior analysts and researchers because it allows for the independent variable to be contrived across different settings, subjects, and behaviors, without having to implement a withdrawal procedure that can be detrimental to the client (p.201). Hence this research design allows for the behavior analysts to determine how behaviors may different from client to client (groups or several individuals, setting to setting (i.e. school vs. home), and behaviors (i.e. same behaviors in a group or individuals). To better understand the difference in the multiple baseline design all three of the designs must be examined.
Hewstone, M. Fincham, F. and Foster, J (2005). Psychology. Oxford: The British Psychological Society, and Blackwell Publishing. P3-23.
Weiner, I. Healy, A. Freedheim, D. Proctor,R.W., Schinka,J.A. (2003) Handbook of Psychology: Experimental psychology,18, pp 500
Research design, the particular design of this problem is experimental, our text lists three (3) separate types of these: Experimental designs, Quasi-experimental designs, and Preexperimental designs (Hagan, 2010), the An Outcome Evaluation of Pennsylvania’s Boot Camp: Does Rehabilitative Programming within a Disciplinary Setting Reduce
Like any other science, psychology is concerned with theories and data. Psychologists use a wide range of research methods and techniques that allow them to gather and make sense of the data that they produce. The methods that psychologists use to research and analyse the experience and behaviours of individuals or groups are called psychological research methods. This essay will be investigating and analysing three research methods to include; experimental, observational and surveys, also, reflecting on their strengths and weaknesses of each in addition to their usefulness in the psychology field.
Current Directions in Psychological Science 15.5 (2006): 265-68. Print. The.
Edited by Raymond J. Corsini. Encyclopedia of Psychology, Second Edition, Volume 1. New York: John Wiley and Sons Inc.